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Deep Learning Based Signal Detection for Quadrature Spatial Modulation System

China Communications 2024年第10期 78-85页

作者： Shu Dingyun Peng Yuyang Yue Ming Fawaz AL-Hazemi mohammad meraj mirza School of Computer Science and Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology Department of Computer and Network Engineering University of Jeddah Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information Technology Taif University

With the development of communication systems, modulation methods are becoming more and more diverse. Among them, quadrature spatial modulation(QSM) is considered as one method with less capacity and high efficiency. In QSM, the traditional signal detection methods sometimes are unable to meet the actual requirement of low complexity of the system. Therefore, this paper proposes a signal detection scheme for QSM systems using deep learning to solve the complexity problem. Results from the simulations show that the bit error rate performance of the proposed deep learning-based detector is better than that of the zero-forcing(ZF) and minimum mean square error(MMSE) detectors, and similar to the maximum likelihood(ML) detector. Moreover, the proposed method requires less processing time than ZF, MMSE,and ML.

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Association between the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 polymorphisms and breast cancer risk and prognosis

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2015年第1期1卷 16-20页

作者： meraj Farbod Seyed Mostafa Shiryazdi Hamid Harazi Tahereh Nazari mohammad Hasan Sheikhha Department of General Surgery Shahid Rahnemon HospitalShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazd ***Iran Department of General Surgery Shahid Sadoughi HospitalShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazd ***Iran Department of General Surgery Shohada-Kargar HospitalSocial Security OrganizationYazd ***Iran Department of Human Genetics International CampusShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazd ***Iran Department of Medical Genetics Research and Clinical Center for InfertilityShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazd ***Iran

Aim:The aim was to evaluate the potential infl uences of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4(CTLA-4)gene polymorphisms on breast cancer risk,the distribution of CTLA-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms(1661AG)in breast cancer patients and control subjects was ***:In this case-control study,100 patients with breast cancer as case group and 100 healthy participants as a control group were *** were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism *** characteristics of the study population,as well as tumor size,tumor grade and stage were collected in a questionnaire designed for this *** collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS-16.0(SPSS Inc.,Chicago,USA)predictive analytic software using the Chi-square ***:The mean age of women was 43.42±13.1 *** AA genotype was frequent in case group(43%)whereas the AG genotype was found more in the control group(69%).There was no signifi cant relationship between the studied polymorphisms and the grade,stage and size of the tumor,nor between the studied polymorphisms and estrogen receptor,progesterone receptor and lymph node involvement(P>0.05).Signifi cant association between the studied polymorphisms and breast cancer metastases was found(P=0.02).Conclusion:According to the results of the study,the AA genotype is associated with breast cancer,but none of the studied gene polymorphisms is associated with prognostic factors such as tumor stage,grade or size.

关键词： Breast cancer cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 polymorphism prognosis

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