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Predicting seismic permanent displacement of soil walls under surcharge based on limit analysis approach

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2018年第4期17卷 747-759页

作者： mohammad mahdi aminpour mohammad Maleki Ali Ghanbari Faculty of Engineering Bu-Ali Sina University Faculty of Engineering Kharazmi University

Seismic permanent displacement of the soil walls plays an important role in design of these structures. Due to the increase in growth of urban areas and the limitations in use of flat grounds, many structures are built near slopes and retaining walls. During earthquakes, these structures can apply an additional surcharge on the wall. The intensity and location of the surcharge is of considerable importance on the seismic displacements of the soil wall. In this study, by using the limit analysis and upper bound theorem, seismic permanent displacement of the soil wall under surcharge has been analyzed. Thus, a formulation is presented for calculating the yield acceleration and seismic displacement for different surcharge conditions. The effect of seismic acceleration, surcharge intensity, its location and soil properties is investigated. A parameter called the ＂displacement coefficient＂ is proposed, and is a potential modification for Newmark’s sliding-block method.

关键词： limit analysis surcharge soil wall seismic displacement yield acceleration

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Ecotourism Potentials for Financing Parks and Protected Areas＂ A Perspective From Iran＇s Parks

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Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2013年第1期9卷 144-152页

作者： mahdi Kolahi Tetsuro Sakai Kazuyuki Moriya Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan mohammad aminpour Natural Resources and Watershed Office West Azerbaijan Iran

Ecotourism has been considered as the impetus and economic investment for management of natural resources. The current research uses data mining from the recreation values of Iran＇s parks and separating influential factors on visitors＇ willingness to pay （WTP）. This study delves into the main findings of 31 researches applied to assess the recreation value of 33 different parks across Iran from 2004 to 2011. Those researches collected 9,216 questionnaires in total. It was conducted using R software and Rattle user interface to analyze gathered data and information. Results showed that 69% of respondents were male. The averages of age and academic years were 34.4 and 13.7 respectively. The majority of the visitors were willing to pay money to visit the parks. Variables of education levels, household size, marital status, age, and bid amount had an effect on visitors＇ rate of WTP for visiting, and variables of gender, education levels, and marital status affected the general amount of WTP. The average amount of WTP per person was estimated at US $1.4, and the average annual recreation value for each hectare of parks was calculated at US $2,313. This study provides justification for the decision to support the quality of Iran＇s parks.

关键词： Iran park recreation value willingness to pay (WTP)

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