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Transcranial magnetic stimulation in animal models of neurodegeneration

Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第2期17卷 251-265页

作者： Mohammad Uzair Turki Abualait Muhammad Arshad Woo-Kyoung Yoo Ali Mir Reem Fahd Bunyan Shahid Bashir Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Basic&Applied SciencesInternational Islamic University IslamabadPakistan College of Applied Medical Sciences Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamSaudi Arabia Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Hallym University College of MedicineAnyangSouth Korea Hallym Institute for Translational Genomics&Bioinformatics Hallym University College of MedicineAnyangSouth Korea Neuroscience Center King Fahad Specialist Hospital DammamDammamSaudi Arabia

Brain stimulation techniques offer powerful means of modulating the physiology of specific neural structures. In recent years, non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation, have emerged as therapeutic tools for neurology and neuroscience. However, the possible repercussions of these techniques remain unclear, and there are few reports on the incisive recovery mechanisms through brain stimulation. Although several studies have recommended the use of non-invasive brain stimulation in clinical neuroscience, with a special emphasis on TMS, the suggested mechanisms of action have not been confirmed directly at the neural level. Insights into the neural mechanisms of non-invasive brain stimulation would unveil the strategies necessary to enhance the safety and efficacy of this progressive approach. Therefore, animal studies investigating the mechanisms of TMSinduced recovery at the neural level are crucial for the elaboration of non-invasive brain stimulation. Translational research done using animal models has several advantages and is able to investigate knowledge gaps by directly targeting neuronal levels. In this review, we have discussed the role of TMS in different animal models, the impact of animal studies on various disease states, and the findings regarding brain function of animal models after TMS in pharmacology research.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease depression glial cells neurorehabilitation Parkinson's disease repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation transcranial direct current stimulation transcranial magnetic stimulation

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Molecular hallmarks of long non-coding RNAs in aging and its significant effect on aging-associated diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第5期18卷 959-968页

作者： Syed Aoun Mehmood Sherazi Asim Abbasi Abdullah Jamil Mohammad Uzair Ayesha Ikram Shanzay Qamar Adediji Ayomide Olamide Muhammad Arshad Peter J.Fried Milos Ljubisavljevic Ran Wang Shahid Bashir Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Basic&Applied SciencesInternational Islamic UniversityIslamabadPakistan Department of Biological Sciences University of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA Department of Pharmacology Government College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology Government College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan Department of Chemistry Chulalongkorn UniversityThailand Department of Neurology Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Division of Cognitive NeurologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center(KS 158)Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Physiology College of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUnited Arab Emirates Department of Psychiatry The First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina Mental Health Institute of Hebei Medical University ShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina Neuroscience Center King Fahad Specialist HospitalDammamSaudi Arabia

Aging is linked to the deterioration of many physical and cognitive abilities and is the leading risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. The growing aging population is a significant healthcare problem globally that researchers must investigate to better understand the underlying aging processes. Advances in microarrays and sequencing techniques have resulted in deeper analyses of diverse essential genomes(e.g., mouse, human, and rat) and their corresponding cell types, their organ-specific transcriptomes, and the tissue involved in aging. Traditional gene controllers such as DNA-and RNA-binding proteins significantly influence such programs, causing the need to sort out long non-coding RNAs, a new class of powerful gene regulatory elements. However, their functional significance in the aging process and senescence has yet to be investigated and identified. Several recent researchers have associated the initiation and development of senescence and aging in mammals with several well-reported and novel long non-coding RNAs. In this review article, we identified and analyzed the evolving functions of long non-coding RNAs in cellular processes, including cellular senescence, aging, and age-related pathogenesis, which are the major hallmarks of long non-coding RNAs in aging.

关键词： aging Alzheimer’s disease DNA sequence epigenetics immune non-coding RNA oligonucleotides telomere-associated

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Origin of Quartz Cement in the Paleogene Sandstone Reservoir of Shahejie Formation,Bohai Bay Basin,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第1期96卷 248-260页

作者： Muhammad KASHIF CAO Yingchang Nizam Ud DIN uzair SIDDIQUE XI Kelai Faisal REHMAN Noor AHMED GU Xihao mohammad Saleh GAGHMAN Department of Earth sciences University of SargodhaSargodha 40100Pakistan School of Geosciences China University of PetroleumQingdaoShandong 266580China College of Earth sciences and Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Institute of Marine Geology and Resources Ocean CollegeZhejiang UniversityZhoushanZhejiang 316021China Department of Earth sciences Quaid-I-Azam UniversityIslamabad 45320Pakistan

The precipitation of authigenic quartz plays a significant role to reduce the reservoir characteristics and enhance the stiffness of the rock.The Es_(1) sandstone of Shahejie Formation is acting as a significant hydrocarbon producing rock in the Nanpu Sag.Various methods like thin section petrography,cathodoluminescence(CL),scanning electron microscope(SEM,with EDS),and electron microprobe analysis has been used to reveal the origin of quartz cement as well as to evaluate the effect of quartz cement on reservoir quality.The studied sandstone is classified as immature to mature feldspathic litharenite and lithic arkose and consists of quartz,feldspar,rock fragments and micas.Petrographic studies and SEM analysis shows that the authigenic quartz is acting a significant cement that reduces the reservoir quality.Whereas clay minerals(kaolinite and mixed layer illite to smectite)are dominant in the Es_(1) sandstone,that can reduce the reservoir quality.SEM,CL and thin section analysis reveal that there are two stages of quartz cement in the studied samples;that are pore filling authigenic cement and quartz overgrowth cement.Fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures shows that stages of quartz cement were developed with continuous process from 70℃ to 130℃.Quartz cements were generally originated from I/S reaction,feldspar dissolution,conversion of rock fragments and pressure solution.Feldspar dissolution(K-feldspar)and kaolinite to illite reaction is an insignificant silica source for the silica cement which is internally precipitated in a close system with diffusion transporting mechanism.Overall,quartz cement significantly enhance the rock strengthen and brittleness effectively as well as it reduce the overall reservoir quality.

关键词： origin authigenic quartz silica sources diffusion Shahejie Formation

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SCREENING OF MARINE BACTERIA OF PAKISTAN COAST FOR DRUG DISCOVERY POTENTIAL

SCREENING OF MARINE BACTERIA OF PAKISTAN COAST FOR DRUG DISC...

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The 3rd Session of 2009 Workshop of Pakistan Academy of Sciences

作者： Bushra uzair Nuzhat Ahmed Faryal Vali mohammad Viqar Uddin Ahmad David Edwards Centre for Molecular Genetics University of Karachi H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi Department of Molecular and Cellular pathology University of Dundee Ninewells Hospital and Medical School

The use of microorganisms for biological purpose has become an effective alternative to control pathogens. A total of 100 bacteria were isolated from marine samples of Sindh and Baluchistan coast of Pakistan and screened for antibacterial activity. One strain CMG1066, identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, showed antibacterial activity, capable of inhibiting growth of clinical isolates such as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcesence, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexnerie, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus group G, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium sporogenes, as well as indigenous marine bacteria such as Shewanella putrifacians, Vibrio alginolyticus, Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis. The inhibitory activity was stable at temperatures of 80°, 90° and 100°C, but was partially inactivated at 121°C. Analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa established that antibacterial activity could be detected in an ethyl acetate fraction of the crude extract, and this suggests that the substance was not bound to cell surface. Microscopic examination of exponentially growing cells of S. aureus and B. subtilis treated with crude extract of P. aeruginosa showed some very interesting morphological changes.

关键词： Marine bacteria antibacterial Pseudomonas antibacterial activity thin layer chromatography zone of inhibition

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Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP) with Grave’s Disease, in a Plasmodium Vivax Positive Patient. A Case Report

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2018年第2期7卷 146-153页

作者： Syed mohammad Mazhar Uddin Aatera Haq Zara Haq uzair Yaqoob Civil Hospital Karachi Karachi Pakistan Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi Pakistan Sindh Medical College Dow University of Health Sciences Karachi Pakistan

Hyperthyroidism and thrombocytopenia have long been associated with each other. We present a case of 38 years old female presenting with complaints of bleeding from gums, bleeding per rectum, hematuria and easy bruising since 7 days ago. She also had a diffuse, non-tender neck swelling moving with deglutition and positive bruit on auscultation. Her laboratory results indicated thrombocytopenia (22 × 10^9/L) and her thyroid function test revealed TSH of 0.01 mIU/ml (normal: 0.17 - 4.05), free T3 of 19.19 pg/ml (normal: 1.6 - 3.7), free T4 of 4.09 ng/dl (normal: 0.89 - 1.79). Thyroid scan showed diffuse goiter with increased tracer uptake. Furthermore, her serum anti-thyroglobulin and anti-thyroid peroxide were elevated to 205 IU/ml and 713 IU/ml respectively. She was started on carbimazole and methylprednisolone immediately. On the 3rd day of admission, she was tested to be positive for Plasmodium Vivax after a fever spike and was started on Chloroquine (CQ) and later shifted to Primaquine (PQ). During 2 weeks of admission, her platelet count kept fluctuating between <10 × 10^9/L and <100 × 10^9/L with frequent transfusions of mega units of platelets. During 3rd week, her platelets improved and she was discharged with a platelet count of 370 × 10^9/L. This case, therefore, supports the association between autoimmune thyroid diseases such as Graves’ disease and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) strongly suggesting the need for evaluating thyroid disease in cases of severe thrombocytopenia especially those refractory to treatment. Also, the effectiveness of treatment of thyroid disease on thrombocytopenia is also highlighted. In addition, it showed the possible added exacerbating effects of malarial infection on thrombocytopenia.

关键词： Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura Malaria Hyperthyroidism

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Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>and <i>Salmonella</i>sp. from Raw Milk Samples of Different Cities of Pakistan

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Natural Science 2020年第5期12卷 295-306页

作者： Syeda Asma Bano Munazza Hayat Tayyaba Samreen mohammad Asif Ume Habiba Bushra uzair

Food-borne diseases are the main public health problem throughout the world. Milk is important component of human diet including fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals. It is a best source of calcium and phosphorus. Different types of pathogenic bacteria like S. aureus and Salmonella enter in milk and then multiply, after multiplication they become active in causing diseases. These bacteria create serious problems for human health. This study aimed to isolate and identify pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella from raw milk samples of different cities of Pakistan. Primary screening of raw milk samples was done on the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical techniques. The final identification was made using 16SrRNA sequence analysis. A total of 200 raw milk samples were collected from different cities of Pakistan. Selective medium xylose lysine deoxycholate agar (XLD) and Mannitol salt agar were used for the identification of Salmonella sp. and S. aureus. Staphylococcus aureus produced yellow colonies with yellow zones on Mannitol salt agar. Staphylococcus aureus exhibited gram-positive character with purple coloration and it was detected as cocci-shaped. Biochemically 91 (45%) samples enhibited Catalase, Coagulase, DNase, Urease, Citrate, fermentation tests positive and indole, oxidase and H2S tests negative with nonmotile character, indicating the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. Salmonella sp. was detected as gram negative rods with pink coloration on gram staining. Biochemically 87 (43%) samples revealed catalase, citrate, H2S and fermentation tests positive while oxidase, DNase, Indole and urease tests negative, indicating the presence of Salmonella sp. in these samples. Of the 200 samples tested, 43% were positive for Salmonella, while 45% samples were contaminated with S. aureus. The 16SrRNA sequence analysis confirmed the results of biochemical and cultural characterization by depicting 99% identity of samples with S. aureus and 98% identity with Salmonella spp. The occurrence

关键词： Raw Milk Staphylococcus aureus Salmonella sp. Mannitol Salt Agar Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate

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