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Detecting anomalies in blockchain transactions using machine learning classifiers and explainability analysis

Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2024年第3期5卷 106-122页

作者： mohammad Hasan mohammad Shahriar rahman Helge Janicke Iqbal H.Sarker Department of Computer Science and Engineering Premier University4000 ChitagongBangladesh Department of Computer Science and Engineering United International University1212 DhakaBangladesh Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre 6027 PerthAustralia Centre for Securing Digital Futures Edith Cowan University6027 PerthAustralia

As the use of blockchain for digital payments continues to rise,it becomes susceptible to various malicious *** detecting anomalies within blockchain transactions is essential for bolstering trust in digital ***,the task of anomaly detection in blockchain transaction data is challenging due to the infrequent occurrence of illicit *** several studies have been conducted in the field,a limitation persists:the lack of explanations for the model’s *** study seeks to overcome this limitation by integrating explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)techniques and anomaly rules into tree-based ensemble classifiers for detecting anomalous Bitcoin *** shapley additive explanation(SHAP)method is employed to measure the contribution of each feature,and it is compatible with ensemble ***,we present rules for interpreting whether a Bitcoin transaction is anomalous or ***,we introduce an under-sampling algorithm named XGBCLUS,designed to balance anomalous and non-anomalous transaction *** algorithm is compared against other commonly used under-sampling and over-sampling ***,the outcomes of various tree-based single classifiers are compared with those of stacking and voting ensemble *** experimental results demonstrate that:(i)XGBCLUS enhances true positive rate(TPR)and receiver operating characteristic-area under curve(ROC-AUC)scores compared to state-of-the-art under-sampling and over-sampling techniques,and(ii)our proposed ensemble classifiers outperform traditional single tree-based machine learning classifiers in terms of accuracy,TPR,and false positive rate(FPR)scores.

关键词： Anomaly detection Blockchain Bitcoin transactions Data imbalance Data sampling Explainable AI Machine learning Decision tree Anomaly rules

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Intelligent Vehicle for Urban Road Traffic Recognition System Using Deep Learning Algorithm

Intelligent Vehicle for Urban Road Traffic Recognition Syste...

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作者： ASHIKUR rahman mohammad 重庆交通大学

学位级别：硕士

城市道路的目标识别和监测技术是计算机视觉领域的关键研究途径,在日常生活中得到了广泛应用。人类探测作为主要焦点,具有独特的特征,将目标的典型属性与无与伦比的可变性相结合。因此,与行人检测和跟踪相关的技术挑战超过了普通目标所... 详细信息

城市道路的目标识别和监测技术是计算机视觉领域的关键研究途径,在日常生活中得到了广泛应用。人类探测作为主要焦点,具有独特的特征,将目标的典型属性与无与伦比的可变性相结合。因此,与行人检测和跟踪相关的技术挑战超过了普通目标所面临的挑战,这使得这一主题变得特别复杂和苛刻。对这一主题的探索不仅具有科学研究意义,而且具有相当大的社会应用价值。智能汽车技术的快速发展导致了解决城市道路交通复杂性的范式转变。本文介绍了新能源智能汽车领域内交通识别系统的一种开创性方法,利用最先进的深度学习算法。本研究强调YOLO v8(You Only Look Once)和DETR(Detection Transformer)的融合,推动了物体检测的前沿,特别是在自动驾驶汽车的背景下。使用深度学习算法进行城市道路交通监测面临着一些挑战,包括高计算需求、实时处理要求、多样化和复杂的城市环境,以及对物体检测和分类的高精度要求。像Faster R-CNN这样的传统模型虽然准确,但计算密集且速度较慢,因此不太适合实时应用。DETR以其基于转换器的架构提供了稳健的特征提取,但可能会在速度和复杂性方面遇到困难。YOLO模型效率高、速度快,适用于实时检测,但它们可能会为速度牺牲一些准确性。所提出的DETR-YOLO v8n融合模型旨在通过将DETR的鲁棒特征提取的优势与YOLO v8n的实时检测能力相结合来解决这些问题。这种融合利用注意力机制来突出相关特征,在不显著影响速度的情况下提高准确性。通过集成这些方法,DETR-YOLO v8n Fusion模型提供了一个平衡的解决方案,可以提高检测精度,保持实时处理,并有效地导航城市道路环境的复杂性,从而改善整体交通监控和管理。这项研究错综复杂地探索了YOLO v8的细微改进,展示了其在城市道路交通场景中的卓越性能。细化的锚盒预测细化了空间定位,而特征金字塔网络增强了模型在不同尺度上辨别物体的能力。先进的主干架构增强了特征提取,从而增强了网络的整体辨别能力。所提出的系统以YOLO v8和DETR的融合为基础,强调了其在复杂交通环境中显著提高新能源智能汽车安全性和有效性的潜力。这项研究不仅有助于新兴的智能交通解决方案领域,而且有助于不断完善自动驾驶汽车的目标检测机制。这些发现强调了接受YOLO v8进化改进的关键性,为追求智能和响应能力强的城市交通系统的先进识别系统树立了新的基准。近年来,深度学习的出现在计算机视觉方面取得了重大进展,特别是在目标检测精度方面。然而,深度模型的复杂性阻碍了检测速度的提高,再加上硬件需求的提高,从而阻碍了其对行人检测和跟踪的适用性。因此,本文对行人检测与跟踪进行了全面的研究。这项研究的高潮涉及对峰值响应和目标损失之间相关性的检查。在本文中,我们使用最新的YOLO v8升级了这三项改进,用于城市道路的交通监控。*** v8引入了精细的锚盒预测,增强了空间定位,以更精确地识别对象位置。这一改进对于智能汽车在复杂城市环境中的精确导航至关重要。2.在YOLO v8中引入特征金字塔网络解决了多尺度检测中的挑战。这种增强使该模型能够有效地识别和分类不同大小的对象,确保在不同的交通场景中具有强大的检测能力。*** v8的高级骨干架构提高了特征提取效率,捕捉了复杂的细节和上下文信息。这一改进提高了模型的鉴别力,特别是在具有挑战性的城市道路交通条件下,从而提高了物体检测任务的整体性能。在我之前的研究中,我使用Tensor Flow深度学习框架,来完成网络模型的设计与训练。为了验证本文提出模型的可行性与检测效果,将本文算法的检测实验结果与当前常见的目标检测算法进行对比分析,对比的算法包括SSD、YOLO V3和GANet(Guided Attention Net Work),在相同数据集进行对比,检测准确率结果如下:SSD模型的平均查准率为68.2%,YOLO V3网络模型的平均查准率为73.8%,GANet网络模型的平均查准率为76.8%:而本文采用的Faster R-CNN平均查准率为86.3%。由此可知,Faster R-CNN网络模型在城市道路目标检测准确.在智能汽车自动驾驶道路智能识别实验中,本文改进了DETR(Detection Transformer)网络结构,并与其他常见的识别算法,如Faster R-CNN、YOLO(You Only Look Once)和SSD(Single Shot Multi Box Detector)进行了对比。在我之前的研究中,它的结果如下,以评价指标的数据说明:(1)准确率(Precision):指模型检测到的物体中真实物体的比例。综合了测试集上的准确率结果,DETR网络达到了90%的准确率,超过了Faster R-CNN和YOL

关键词：深度学习 YOLOv8模型交通检测 DETR Faster R-CNN 自动驾驶

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Urban Freight Consolidation Model for Post-Hauler Planning

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2024年第2期14卷 255-272页

作者： mohammad Anwar rahman School of Engineering Science & Technology Central Connecticut State University New Britain USA

Freight transportation in urban areas has increased significantly in a shorter period due to the widespread use of e-commerce, fast delivery, and population growth. Recently, a noticeable government initiative aimed at creating an effective, acceptable, and sustainable city logistics policy. This paper examines freight consolidation as a transportation strategy for optimizing last-mile delivery costs. Freight consolidation involves combining smaller shipments from various origins into a single, larger shipment for more efficient transportation to a common destination. This approach is particularly beneficial for last-mile delivery, where frequent deliveries of smaller quantities are frequently visible. Finally, we provide an illustrative example targeting urban freight stakeholders for practicing possible consolidation methodology. The result in the illustrative example shows that freight with 3-day consolidation, despite the delay penalty, is cheaper than daily shipping, and both are cheaper than 2-day consolidated shipping. The study will benefit urban businesses and freight services.

关键词： Freight Consolidation Urban Transport Intermodal Last-Mile Delivery

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Choosing Multimodal Freight Mix: An Integrated Multi-Objective Multicriteria Approach

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2024年第3期14卷 402-422页

作者： mohammad Anwar rahman School of Engineering Science & Technology Central Connecticut State University New Britain CT USA

Multimodal freight transportation emerges as the go-to strategy for cost-effectively and sustainably moving goods over long distances. In a multimodal freight system, where a single contract includes various transportation methods, businesses aiming for economic success must make well-informed decisions about which modes of transport to use. These decisions prioritize secure deliveries, competitive cost advantages, and the minimization of environmental footprints associated with transportation-related pollution. Within the dynamic landscape of logistics innovation, various multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches empower businesses to evaluate freight transport options thoroughly. In this study, we utilize a case study to demonstrate the application of the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) algorithm for MCDM decision-making in freight mode selection. We further enhance the TOPSIS framework by integrating the entropy weight coefficient method. This enhancement aids in assigning precise weights to each criterion involved in mode selection, leading to a more reliable decision-making process. The proposed model provides cost-effective and timely deliveries, minimizing environmental footprint and meeting consumers’ needs. Our findings reveal that freight carbon footprint is the primary concern, followed by freight cost, time sensitivity, and service reliability. The study identifies the combination of Rail/Truck as the ideal mode of transport and containers in flat cars (COFC) as the next best option for the selected case. The proposed algorithm, incorporating the enhanced TOPSIS framework, benefits companies navigating the complexities of multimodal transport. It empowers making more strategic and informed transportation decisions. This demonstration will be increasingly valuable as companies navigate the ever-growing trade within the global supply chains.

关键词： Multimodal Freight Transport MCDM TOPSIS Entropy Technique COFC

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The effects of mixed prebiotics in aquaculture:A review

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第1期9卷 28-34页

作者： Wendy Wee Noor Khalidah Abdul Hamid Khairiyah Mat Raja Ili Airina Raja Khalif Nor Dini Rusli mohammad Mijanur rahman Muhammad Anamul Kabir Lee Seong Wei Centre for Foundation and Continuing Education Universiti Malaysia Terengganu21030Kuala NerusTerengganuMalaysia School of Biological Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia11800MindenPulau PinangMalaysia Department of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Agro-Based IndustryUniversiti Malaysia KelantanJeli Campus17600JeliKelantanMalaysia Faculty of Fisheries Sylhet Agricultural UniversitySylhet3100Bangladesh

Aquaculture industry contributes significant aquaculture species production to meet fish protein demand from the *** industry is gearing towards intensification to increase more production in the near *** technologies and efforts were introduced into aquaculture industry to bring it up to the next higher ***,the development of aquaculture industry is hindered by disease *** a result,excessive use of antibiotics and chemicals were applied to reduce or minimize risk of disease outbreak in aquaculture farming ***,aquacultures products and environment were highly exposed to these antibiotics and *** resolve this issue,fish farmers were encouraged to utilize alternative method in aquaculture species health *** has become a new approach in aquaculture industry to maintain aquaculture species health and a good environment at the same time produce chemical and antibiotic-free aquaculture *** this review paper,we summarize and discuss the effects of prebiotic mixtures administration on growth performance,immune response,disease resistance,and tolerance against abiotic stressors of aquatic animals.

关键词： Growth performance Immunosaccharide Disease resistance Stress relieve

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Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Some Sn-Zn Based Lead-Free Quinary Alloys

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2024年第7期15卷 213-227页

作者： Shihab Uddin Md. Abdul Gafur Suraya Sabrin Soshi mohammad Obaidur rahman Department of Physics Jahangirnagar University Savar Dhaka Bangladesh Pilot Plant and Process Development Centre Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Mechanical Engineering Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology Tejgaon Dhaka Bangladesh

Although there are many lead-free soldering alloys on the market, none of them have ideal qualities. The researchers are combining binary alloys with a variety of additional materials to create the soldering alloys’ features. The eutectic Sn-9Zn alloy is among them. This paper investigated the mechanical and electrical properties of Sn-9Zn-x (Ag, Cu, Sb);{x = 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6} lead-free solder alloys. The mechanical properties such as elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), and ductility were examined at the strain rates in a range from 4.17 10−3 s−1 to 208.5 10−3 s−1 at room temperature. It is found that increasing the content of the alloying elements and strain rate increases the elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and yield strength while the ductility decreases. The electrical conductivity of the alloys is found to be a little smaller than that of the Sn-9Zn eutectic alloy.

关键词： Lead-Free Solder Strain Rate Ultimate Tensile Strength Ductility Electrical Conductivity

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Predicting the Stitch Density of Finished Fabrics Using Weft Blended Grey Knit Fabrics

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Journal of Textile Science and Technology 2024年第3期10卷 51-63页

作者： Kazi Md. Elias mohammad Obaidur rahman H. M. Zakir Hossain Department of Physics Jahangirnagar University Savar Bangladesh Jute Textile Wing Bangladesh Jute Research Institute Dhaka Bangladesh

Stitch density is one of the critical quality parameters of knit fabrics. This parameter is closely related to other physical quality parameters like fabric weight, fabric tightness factor, fiber types, blend ratio, yarn diameter and linear density, and fabric structure. Selecting stitch density (wales per inch, course per inch) is essential to getting the appropriate fabric weight and desired quality. Usually, no rules or assumptions exist to get the desired stitch density in the finished fabric stage. Fifteen types of blended knit fabrics were prepared to conduct the study. The varying percentages of cotton, polyester, and elastane are incorporated in the blends. Regression analysis and regression ANOVA tests were done to predict the stitch density of finished fabrics. A suitable regression equation is established to get the desired results. The study also found that the stitch density value in the finished stage fabric decreases by approximately 15% compared to the stitch density in the grey fabric stage. This study will help the fabric manufacturers get the finished fabric stitch density in advance by utilizing the grey fabric stitch density data set. The author expects this research to benefit the knitting and dyeing industry, new researchers, and advanced researchers.

关键词： Wales per Inch Course per Inch Stitch Density Blended Knit Fabric

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Pattern of Eye Diseases among Tea Workers

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 117-127页

作者： Rifat Binth Rezayee Md. Showkat Kabir Mohammed Moinul Hoque Nirupam Chowdhury mohammad Shish rahman Nawreen Binte Anwar Shah-Noor Hassan Department of Community Ophthalmology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Ophthalmology Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh

Background: Bangladesh’s tea industry is essential to the country’s economic expansion. Since tea workers in Bangladesh are marginalized within our community, they have limited access to comprehensive eye care services. Productivity and well-being are cornerstones of comprehensive health care strategy. Ocular disorders are influenced by life expectancy, sociodemographic status, and the epidemiological transition. In this context, the state of ocular health and the many eye illnesses remain to be significantly addressed. Purpose: To evaluate the pattern of eye diseases among tea workers in a tea estate of Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out in Halda Valley Tea Estate, Nazirhat, Fatickchari, Chattogram, Bangladesh, under the supervision of the Department of Community Ophthalmology, BSMMU, following ethical clearance and approval by the IRB board of BSMMU. With informed written consent and approval from the authority of the tea estate, a total of 110 tea workers were recruited. Socio-demographic characteristics, ocular findings, and patterns of eye diseases were determined and recorded. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 39.60 ± 11.63 years. The maximum (58.1%) study participants were 31 - 50 years old, female (64.5%), illiterate (82.7%), and tribal (71.8%) indigenes. Eye diseases were found in 94.5% of workers. Presbyopia (28.2%), cataracts (27.3%), and refractive error (26.4%) were the most common. Tea workers with eye diseases were significantly older than those who did not have any eye diseases (40.20 ± 11.57 vs. 29.17 ± 7.31 years, p Conclusion: A significant number of tea workers had eye diseases, of which presbyopia, cataracts, and refractive error were the most common.

关键词： Tea Workers Eye Diseases Presbyopia Cataract Refractive Errors

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Impact of industrial effluent on growth and yield of rice(Oryza sativa L.) in silty clay loam soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第4期27卷 231-240页

作者： mohammad Anwar Hossain Golum Kibria Muhammad Mustafizur rahman mohammad Mizanur rahman Abul Hossain Molla mohammad Mostafizur rahman mohammad Khabir Uddin Department of Environmental Sciences Jahangirnagar University Department of Soil Science Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University Department of Bioenvironmental Science Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University

Degradation of soil and water from discharge of untreated industrial effluent is alarming in Bangladesh. Therefore, buildup of heavy metals in soil from contaminated effluent, their entry into the food chain and effects on rice yield were quantified in a pot experiment. The treatments were comprised of 0, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% industrial effluents applied as irrigation water. Effluents, initial soil, different parts of rice plants and post-harvest pot soil were analyzed for various elements, including heavy metals. Application of elevated levels of effluent contributed to increased heavy metals in pot soils and rice roots due to translocation effects, which were transferred to rice straw and grain. The results indicated that heavy metal toxicity may develop in soil because of contaminated effluent *** metals are not biodegradable, rather they accumulate in soils, and transfer of these metals from effluent to soil and plant cells was found to reduce the growth and development of rice plants and thereby contributed to lower yield. Moreover, a higher concentration of effluent caused heavy metal toxicity as well as reduction of growth and yield of rice, and in the long run a more aggravated situation may threaten human lives,which emphasizes the obligatory adoption of effluent treatment before its release to the environment, and regular monitoring by government agencies needs to be ensured.

关键词： Biomass Crop yield Heavy metal Industrial effluent Soil pollution

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Carbon mineralization in subtropical alluvial arable soils amended with sugarcane bagasse and rice husk biochars

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Pedosphere 2022年第3期32卷 475-486页

作者： mohammad Arifur rahman mohammad Abdul KADER mohammad JAHIRUDDIN mohammad Rafiqul ISLAM Zakaria mohammad SOLAIMAN Regional Agricultural Research Station(RARS) Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute(BARI)Jamalpur 2000(Bangladesh) School of Agriculture GeographyEnvironmentOcean and Natural SciencesUniversity of South PacificApia 1343(Samoa) Department of Soil Science Bangladesh Agricultural University(BAU)Mymensingh 2202(Bangladesh) UWA School of Agriculture&Environment and the UWA Institute of Agriculture PerthWA 6009(Australia) School of Veterinary and Life Science Murdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150(Australia)

Subtropical recent alluvial soils are low in organic carbon(C).Thus,increasing organic C is a major challenge to sustain soil *** amendment could be an option as biochar is a C-rich pyrolyzed material,which is slowly decomposed in *** investigated C mineralization(CO_(2)-C evolution)in two types of soils(recent and old alluvial soils)amended with two feedstocks(sugarcane bagasse and rice husk)(1%,weight/weight),as well as their biochars and aged biochars under a controlled environment(25±2℃)over 85 *** the recent alluvial soil(charland soil),the highest absolute cumulative CO_(2)-C evolution was observed in the sugarcane bagasse treatment(1140 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)soil)followed by the rice husk treatment(1090 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)soil);the lowest amount(150 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)soil)was observed in the aged rice husk biochar ***,for the old alluvial soil(farmland soil),the highest absolute cumulative CO_(2)-C evolution(1290 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)soil)was observed in the sugarcane bagasse treatment and then in the rice husk treatment(1270 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)soil);the lowest amount(200 mg CO_(2)-C kg^(-1)soil)was in the aged rice husk biochar *** sugarcane bagasse and rice husk biochar treatments reduced absolute cumulative CO_(2)-C evolution by 10%and 36%,respectively,compared with unamended recent alluvial soil,and by 10%and 18%,respectively,compared with unamended old alluvial *** absolute and normalized C mineralization were similar between the sugarcane bagasse and rice husk treatments,between the biochar treatments,and between the aged biochar *** both soils,the feedstock treatments resulted in the highest cumulative CO_(2)-C evolution,followed by the biochar treatments and then the aged biochar *** absolute and normalized CO_(2)-C evolution and the mineralization rate constant of the stable C pool(K_(s))were lower in the recent alluvial soil compared with those in the old alluvial *** biochar

关键词： aged biochar biochar amendment charland CO_(2)emission CO_(2)-C evolution recent alluvial soil soil organic carboon soil organic matter

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