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Drug resistance pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients of five provinces of Iran

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2014年第3期7卷 193-196页

作者： mohammad Javad Nasiri Faranak Rezaei Samin Zamani Davod Darban-Sarokhalil Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi Hasan Shojaei mohammad mehdi feizabadi Department of Microbiology School of Medicine.Tehran University of Medical Sciences Department of Microbiology School of Medicine.Alborz University of Medical Sciemces Applied Microbiology Research Centre Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Department of Microbiology School of Medicine.Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

Objective:To determine the patterns of resistance to first line anti-tuberculosis(TB)drugs among a collection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)isolates from 5 provinces of ***:A total of the 6 426 clinical specimens from patients suspected of active TB were collected from March 2010 to June *** specimens were subjected for microscopy and culture tests in the TB centers of studies *** susceptibility testing to the first line anti-TB drugs for culture positive MTB was performed on Lwenstein-Jensen(LJ)medium using proportion ***:Of 6 426 clinical specimens,261 were culture positive for mycobacteria,of which 252 were MTB and 9 were MOTT(mycobacteria other than tuberculosis).Of 252 MTB isolates.211(83.7%)were pan-susceptible and 41(16.3%)were resistant to at least one *** was most common to streptomycin.30 isolates(12.0%),followed by isoniuzid,20isolates(8.0%),rifampin,15 isolates(6.0%)and ethambutol,14 isolates(5.5%).Sixteen(6.3%)MTB isolates were MDR.A clear evidence of heterogeneity amongst the 5 provinces in the proportions with resistance to one or more drugs was observed[χ~2=12.209(4 degrees of freedom),P values=0.015 9].Conclusions:The prevalence of drug resistance in this study area underscoring the need for further enforcement of TB control strategies in the *** susceptibility testing for all TB cases to provide optimal treatment,establishing advanced diagnostic facilities for rapid detection of MDR-TB and continuous monitoring of drug resistance are recommended for prevention and control of drug-resistant TB.

关键词： Mycobacterium tuberculosis MDR tuberculosis Drug resistance Iran

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Olympic Movement or Diplomatic Movement？ The Role of Olympic Games on Development of International Relations

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Journal of Sports Science 2015年第4期3卷 186-194页

作者： Mahdi Shariati feizabadi Fernando Delgado mohammad Khabiri Nasrollah Sajjadi Ebrahim Alidoust Department of Communication Studies and Theater Arts University of Wisconsin River Falls River Falls City Wisconsin 54022 USA Department of Sport Management University of Tehran Tehran Tehran 1438 Iran

The Olympic Charter is categorized into three main sections： the IOC （International Olympic Committee）, the IFs （International Federations） and NOCs （National Olympic Committees）. Since the 1980s, the prominent functions of sport and in particular mega events such as the Olympic Games have been deeply analyzed by academic and political writers. Sporting mega events like the Olympic Games can produce lots of advantages： international branding and prestige, economic development, unity and cooperation, cultural exchanges and interactions, reduction in political isolation and sanctions, and so on. One of the most important legacies of Olympic Games for the host country/city is social cohesion, national pride and patriotism. For example, the success of Iran in the London 2012 Olympics resulted in heightened cultural identity and national prestige. Despite political and economic isolation resulting from international sanctions, Iranian athletes and coaches overcame obstacles to win four Olympic gold medals in ＂Mega Media Event＂ that is the summer Olympic Games. The present study demonstrates the interconnections between success in the Olympic Games and the development of nations. The data to support the analysis and arguments were gathered through public documents and interviews with sport diplomacy experts. At first, we investigated some international functions for sport, then we had 13 interviews with 11 Iranian and 2 foreign experts who had international positions in different sport organizations like IOC, Ifs, FIFA （Federation international the Football Association） and OCA （Olympic council of Asia）. Finally, all information was organized into the following factors： enhancing international branding and prestige, international image, number of sport tourists as virtual industry in new millennium, national cohesion and identity, national patriotism, peacefulness, cultural exchanges among nations and reduce political boycotts and economic sanctions.

关键词： Olympic International Relations Iran.

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