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Enhancing Biogas Production: Influence of Mixing Cow and Chicken Manures

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Energy and Power Engineering 2018年第8期10卷 383-397页

作者： Essam Ibrahim Hammad mohammad R. Al-Agha Yasser El-Nahhal Department of Earth and Environment Faculty of Science The Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine

The objectives of this study were to enhance the production of biogas through using a mixture of cow and chicken manure and to investigate the effect of digested manure on plant growth. Biogas digester consisted of a plastic polyethylene tank with a volume of 0.25 cubic meters. Cow and chicken manures were collected from certified animal and chicken farms. Mixture of manure was prepared by mixing 5 kg of chicken manure and 5 kg of cow manure together in 100 L plastic tank containing 90 L water free from chlorine. Percentage of manure in all cases was 10% (w/v). The manures were transferred to the digesters and kept in greenhouse to insure warm conditions (30°C - 39°C). Produced biogas was measured each two days and digestate samples were taken every two days for pH, EC, BOD, COD determination. Results showed increased biogas production and reached the highest quantity after 28 days and the amount of biogas produced from the mixture of cow and chicken manures was higher than the amount produced from each manure individually. Decreases in pH values were observed during biogas production followed by BOD, COD reduction. On the other hand, increases on EC values were observed. Application of digested manure in agriculture increased yield of lettuce by 75% comparing with the control sample. The study recommended using cow manure mixed with chicken manure to increase the production of biogas and to use the digested manure in agricultural.

关键词： Biogas Cow Manure Chicken Manure Digested Manure

TNF-α release capacity is suppressed immediately after hemorrhage andresuscitation

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2017年第4期20卷 207-211页

作者： Arian Bahrami mohammad Jafarmadar Heinz Redl Soheyl Bahrami Jian-Xin Jiang Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in AUVA Research Center 1200 Vienna Austria State Key Laboratory of Trauma Burns and Combined Injury Institute of Surgery Research Doping Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing China

Purpose： It has been suggested that patients with traumatic insults are resuscitated into a state of an early systemic inflammatory response. We aimed to evaluate the influence of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation （HSR） upon the inflammatory response capacity assessed by overall TNF-α secretion capacity of the host compared to its release from circulating leukocytes in peripheral circulation. Methods： Rats （8/group） subjected to HS （MAP of 30e35 mmHg for 90 min followed by resuscitation over 50 min） were challenged with Lipopolysaccharide （LPS）, 1 mg/kg intravenously at the end of resuscitation （HSR-LPS group） or 24 h later （HSR-LPS24 group）. Control animals were injected with LPS without bleeding （LPS group）. Plasma TNF-α was measured at 90 min after the LPS challenge. In addition, whole blood （WB） was obtained either from healthy controls （CON） immediately after resuscitation （HSR）, or at 24 h post-shock （HSR 24）. WB was incubated with LPS （100 ng/mL） for 2 h at 37 C. TNF-α concentration and LPS binding capacity （LBC） was determined. Results： Compared to LPS group, HSR followed by LPS challenge resulted in suppression of plasma TNF-a in HSR-LPS and HSR-LPS24 groups （1835 ± 478, 273 ± 77, 498 ± 200 pg/mL, respectively）. Compared to CON the LPS-induced TNF-a release capacity of circulating leukocytes ex vivo was strongly declined both at the end of resuscitation （HSR） and 24 h later （HSR24）（1012 ± 259, 313 ± 154, 177 ± 63 ng TNF/mL, respectively）. The LBC in WB was similar between CON and HSR and only moderately enhanced in HSR24 （57 ± 6, 56 ± 6, 71 ± 5 %, respectively）. Conclusion： Our data suggest that the overall inflammatory response capacity is decreased immediately after HSR, persisting up to 24 h, and is independent of LBC.

关键词： Injuries Endotoxins shock Immunosuppression

Conjugate Effect of Radiation and Thermal Conductivity Variation on MHD Free Convection Flow for a Vertical Plate

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American Journal of Computational Mathematics 2013年第3期3卷 252-259页

作者： Rowsanara Akhter mohammad Mokaddes Ali Babul Hossain M. Sharif Uddin Department of Mathematics Jahangirnagar University Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Mathematics Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University Tangail Bangladesh

A numerical investigation is performed to study the effect of thermal radiation on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free convection flow along a vertical flat plate in presence of variable thermal conductivity in this paper. The governing equations of the flow and the boundary conditions are transformed into dimensionless form using appropriate similarity transformations and then solved employing the implicit finite difference method with Keller-box scheme. Results for the details of the velocity profiles, temperature distributions as well as the skin friction, the rate of heat transfer and surface temperature distributions are shown graphically. Results reveal that the thermal radiation is more significant in MHD natural convection flow during thermal conductivity effect is considered. To illustrate the accuracy of the present results, the results for the local skin fraction and surface temperature distribution excluding the extension effects are compared with results of Merkin and Pop designed for the fixed value of Prandtl number and a good agreement were found.

关键词： Radiation MHD Thermal Conductivity Finite Difference Method

Improvement of Concrete Shear Wall Structures by Smart Materials

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2012年第3期2卷 87-95页

作者： Mehdi Ghassemieh mohammad Reza Bahaari Seyed Mohyeddin Ghodratian Seyed Ali Nojoumi Civil & Environmental Engineering Department University of California Los Angeles CA USA School of Civil Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Ira

Smart materials have found numerous applications in many areas in civil engineering recently. One class of these materials is shape memory alloy (SMA) which exhibits several unique characteristics such as superelasticity and shape memory effect. Due to these characteristics, research efforts have been extended to use SMA in controlling civil structures. This paper investigates the effectiveness of SMA reinforcements in enhancing the behavior of shear walls, especially when subjected to seismic excitations. Two ordinary and coupled shear walls were introduced as reference structures and were modeled by ABAQUS software. For improving the seismic response of the shear walls, vertical SMA reinforcing bars were proposed to be implemented like conventional steel reinforcements, throughout the height of the structures and in every connecting beam in the coupled shear wall system. The one dimensional superelastic model of SMA material was implemented in the computer software using FORTRAN code. The dynamic response of the shear walls subjected to seismic loading was investigated through time history analyses under El-centro and Koyna records. The results showed that using superelastic SMA material instead of steel bars caused remarkable reduction in residual displacement for both ordinary and coupled shear walls. In addition, SMA reinforcements could significantly decrease the maximum deflection of the coupled shear wall system.

关键词： Smart Material Shape Memory Alloy Shear Wall Superelasticity Seismic Behavio

Automatic Test Data Generation for Java Card Applications Using Genetic Algorithm

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2015年第12期8卷 603-616页

作者： Saher Manaseer Warif Manasir mohammad Alshraideh Nabil Abu Hashish Omar Adwan Department of Computer Science The University of Jordan Amman Jordan Al Israa University Amman Jordan Department of Computer Information Systems The University of Jordan Amman Jordan

The main objective of software testing is to have the highest likelihood of finding the most faults with a minimum amount of time and effort. Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been successfully used by researchers in software testing to automatically generate test data. In this paper, a GA is applied using branch coverage criterion to generate the least possible set of test data to test JSC applications. Results show that applying GA achieves better performance in terms of average number of test data?generations, execution time, and percentage of branch coverage.

关键词： Software Testing Genetic Algorithm Java Smart Card

A 10-Year Saudi Experience of Using Adalimumab in Treating Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

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Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases 2019年第2期9卷 42-56页

作者： mohammad A. Muzaffer Asraa Turkistani Logain S. Alahmadi Samaa Sangoof Department of Pediatrics King Abdulaziz University Hospital Jeddah KSA

Background: Traditionally, management of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) involves use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) or disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), such as methotrexate (MTX) or sulfasalazine;or steroids. However, in several cases, a low therapeutic response or important side effects is encountered. This study reports our experience in using adalimumab in JIA patients by assessing the efficacy and safety of this treatment in this category of patients. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among 38 patients with JIA at the Pediatric Department, King Abdulaziz Univesrity Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in the period January 2005-March 2016. Patients’ records were reviewed and relevant demographic and clinical data were collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 and represented using tables. Results: The 38 patients were distributed as 11 (28.9%) males and 27 (71.1%) females;mean ± SD age was 11.91 ± 4.54 (range = 3 - 19) years. Mean ± SD (range) disease duration was 3.26 ± 2.52 (0 - 12) years and most frequent diagnoses included polyarticular rheumatoid factor (RF) negative form 12 (31.6%), followed by systemic and oligoarticular JIA with 9 (23.7%) cases each. Before adalimumab, fever was present in 13 (34.2%) cases, followed by rash in 8 (21.0%) cases;while 21 (55.3%) were asymptomatic. Thirty-one (81.6%) were in failure of MTX, 19 (50%) of steroids, 7 (18.4%) of NSAIDS and 3 (7.9%) had had intraarticular injections. Biologically, ANA, RF and anti-CCP were positive in 22 (57.9%), 8 (21.1%) and 4 (10.5%) of the cases, respectively. Uveitis was present in 11 (28.9%) of the patients. Analysis of adalimumab efficacy showed 10 (52.6%) cases of complete remission, 9 (23.7%) of partial remission and 9 (23.7%) other where treatment was discontinued. Major adverse effects included local pain (4 [10.5%]), new onset uveitis (1 [2.6%]) and rash (1 [2.6%]), responsible of 1case of treatment discontinuation. Predictors fo

关键词： Adalimumab Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Anti-TNFα

Synthesis of Cu-Chromite Catalyzer by Citrate Sol-Gel

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Open Journal of Synthesis Theory and Applications 2017年第2期6卷 13-22页

作者： Pouresmaeily Seyed mohammad Shahidzadeh Mansour H. Shirkavand Behzad Ebrahimi Sobhan Department of Chemistry &Chemical Engineering Malek-e-Ashtar University of Technology Tehran Iran Institute for Color Science & Technology Tehran Iran Department of Material Science and Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran Iran

It has been introduced several ways for rising fuel burning rate. Using catalyzers is a common way to rising fuel burning rate. Cu-Chromite catalyzer used in solid fuels, as burning rate catalyzer in thermal decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate and results were satisfying. This catalyzer is produced by several methods such as: ceramic, coprecipitating, sol-gel, vacuum depositioning, but this paper explains producing catalyzer by Citrate sol-gel. Thermal analysis is used for studying process also SEM, XRD, TEM, FTIR tests used for determination of particle sizes.

关键词： Nano Cu-Chromite Citrate Sol-Gel Catalyzer Burning Rate Ceramic Method

Post Cholecystectomy Diarrhoea—A Systematic Review

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Surgical Science 2012年第6期3卷 332-338页

作者： mohammad Reza Farahmandfar Mohsen Chabok Michael Alade Amina Bouhelal Bijendra Patel Department of Surgery Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Queen Mary University of London Barts and Royal London Hospitals London UK Department of Surgery Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of London Barts and Royal London Hospitals London UK Imperial College London Hammersmith Hospital London UK

Introduction: Post-cholecystectomy diarrhoea (PCD) is probably the most distressing postoperative non-pain symptom. Its nature is not fully understood. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the prevalence, aetiology, predisposing factors and management of PCD from the past study reports. Methods: We conducted a wide ranged review of published literature on PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane library without any time limitation. Results: Twenty five studies were included. The prevalence of PCD was 9.1% (302/3306) with no significant difference between genders. The prevalence of bile acid malabsorption (BAM), the most important suggested aetiological factor, was seen in 65.5% (36/55) patients with PCD. There were no obvious predisposing factors. We found 92% (23/25) of patients with PCD responded to cholestyramine therapy. The cure rate for cholecystectomy on preoperative cholegenic diarrhoea was 54.5% (121/222). The prevalence of post-cholecystectomy new onset constipation was 7.9% (78/987). Conclusion: The aetiology of PCD is unknown and appears to be multifactorial. The BAM prevalence was only 65.5%, however 92% of PCD patients responded to cholestyramine therapy suggesting that cholestyramine therapy could also have curative effect on other unknown aetiological factors related to bile metabolism. The complexity of the aetiology of PCD is more projected by considering the curative effect of cholecystectomy on preoperative cholegenic diarrhoea, and the occurrence of post-cholecystectomy new onset constipation. However, the relationship between cholecystectomy and PCD is an undeniable fact.

关键词： Diarrh Cholecystectomy Bile Acid Malabsorption

Particles Size Estimation of Polydopamine Based Polymeric Nanoparticles Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Linear Regression Method

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2018年第5期9卷 273-285页

作者： Nahla Rahoui mohammad Hegazy Bo Jiang Nadia Taloub Yu Dong Huang MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China

The particle size is considered as a fundamental property of nanoparticles used for cargo delivery (CDS) purpose. The objective of this study was the particles size quantification of polydopamine nanoparticles (PDANS) via the near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with chemometrics tools. The successful synthesis of PDANS was proved using several characterization methods. Compared with the model extracted using raw spectral data, the accuracy and stability of the new model extracted from pre-processed data were significantly improved. The PDANS particle size samples have been predicted with acceptable accuracy. The correlation (R2) between NIRS and the TEM granulometrie data was 99.81%, while the root mean square error of calibration RMSEC was 0.196 nm. This research shows that NIRS combined with a regression method is a viable tool for the quality determination of CD system.

关键词： Near Infrared Spectroscopy Particle Size Effect Nanoparticles Linear Regression