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Roles of the Apolipoprotein E Gene and Its Polymorphisms in the Etiopathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Atherosclerotic Complication in Senegalese Females

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2023年第4期13卷 300-324页

作者： Maïmouna touré Fatou Diallo Agne Amadou Dieng Rokhaya Ndiaye Diallo lamine Gueye Abdoulaye Samb Laboratoire de Physiologie Humaine et d’Explorations Fonctionnelles Faculté de Médecine de Pharmacie et d’Odonto-Stomatologie (FMPOS) de l’Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Dakar Senégal IRL3189 ESS “Environnement-Santé-Sociétés” Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Bamako-UCAD Dakar Sénégal Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire Faculté de Médecine de Pharmacie et d’Odonto-Stomatologie (FMPOS) de l’Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Dakar Sénégal Service de Santé Publique Institut d’Odontologie et de Stomatologie Faculté de Médecine de Pharmacie et d’Odonto-Stomatologie (FMPOS) de l’Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Dakar Sénégal Laboratoire de Génétique Pharmaceutique Faculté de Médecine de Pharmacie et d’Odonto-Stomatologie (FMPOS) de l’Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Dakar Sénégal

Lipid metabolism disorders would be among the components responsible for the risk of the onset of T2DM and its vascular complications. Apolipoprotein E plays an important role in lipid metabolism. We studied the involvement of the APOE gene in the onset of T2DM and its vascular complications. Clinical and biochemical parameters were assessed in each participant. APOE genotypes were identified by PCR-RFLP. Arterial stiffness was studied using a pOpmetre® which evaluates the pulse wave velocity (ft-PWV). Endothelial dysfunction was studied using an EndoPAT2000® which measures endothelium-dependent vasodilation (RHI). In control subjects, the ε3 allele was associated with an increase in fasting blood glucose (r = 2.36, p = 0.018), and a decrease in LDL cholesterol levels (r = −2.17, p = 0.03), and ε4 was associated with an increase in total cholesterol (r = 2.59, p = 0.01), LDL cholesterol (r = 2.84, p = 0.004), and No-HDL cholesterol (r = 2.74, p = 0.006). In type 2 diabetes subjects, the ε2 was associated with a decrease in diastolic blood pressure (r = −2.25, p = 0.02). The ε3 was associated with a decrease in ft-PWV (r = −2.26, p = 0.024) while the ε4 was associated with an increase in ft-PWV (r = 2.52, p = 0.012). Carrying the ε2ε3 genotype would have in 99% a limited risk of developing T2DM, and in event of T2DM, only 1 to 2% would have a significant risk of developing atherosclerosis, which would be severe in 17%. Of the ε2ε4 genotype, 93% had a limited or even possible risk of developing T2DM, the remaining 7% had a very high risk of developing T2DM. Diabetics carrying ε2ε4 had in 7% very high risk of developing atherosclerosis. The latter had a 20% very high risk of being very severe. Subjects carrying the ε3ε4 genotype had a 67% possible or even probable risk of developing T2DM and in the event of diabetes, there was in 34% very high risk of developing atherosclerosis which will not have even the time to evolve towards severity. For subj

关键词： APOE Gene Polymorphisms Type 2 diabetes Mellitus Vascular Dysfunctions

城市形态比较分析：南京和阿尔及尔城市形态及未来前景

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城市形态比较分析：南京和阿尔及尔城市形态及未来前景

作者： CHEDDAH mohamed lamine 东南大学

学位级别：硕士

城市的快速扩张是当今城市发展面临主要挑战之一。这种增长如果不受控制和引导,极有可能对社会、经济、环境等产生极大地负面影响。城市扩张是一种普遍现象,在非洲和亚洲大陆尤其明显。然而,这种扩张过于急速,会对就业、住房、能源、基... 详细信息

城市的快速扩张是当今城市发展面临主要挑战之一。这种增长如果不受控制和引导,极有可能对社会、经济、环境等产生极大地负面影响。城市扩张是一种普遍现象,在非洲和亚洲大陆尤其明显。然而,这种扩张过于急速,会对就业、住房、能源、基础设施等方面带来一些挑战,比如城市贫困人口增加、贫民窟扩大、城市环境恶化等问题。本文对阿尔及尔市与南京市的城市形态进行了比较分析,重点比较了两座城市的城市形态演变过程,分析了它们的空间结构与城市面临的主要城市问题间的关系。除此之外,本文还探索了两个城市空间结构的相似性和差异性,以便对它们的增长类型和程度进行更加准确的分析。本文运用的技术方法主要为定性和定量相结合的方法,还结合多种形态学方法,如历史地理、空间句法、类型形态学、Cellular automata(CA)等,多角度的分析阿尔及尔和南京正在面临的城市问题。研究结果表明,阿尔及尔市和南京市所经历的不同事件是导致各自空间结构不断演变的主要原因。阿尔及尔的城市形态和空间结构在历史上保持相对稳定,干预措施较少;而南京的城市形态和空间结构则处于不断变化之中。阿尔及尔一九八零年扩张开始起步。而南京市的快速扩张起步较晚,开始于二十一世纪初。推动两城市快速扩张的主要因素不同,对于南京来说,经济和人口的增长是两个主要因素;对于阿尔及尔来说,人口城市化、交通设施的发展、政策和战略规划主要因素。通过对阿尔及尔市城市空间结构的分析可知,城市有机交通网络的可达性相对于南京较低,这种脆弱的空间结构体现在阿尔及尔市严重的交通拥堵中。尽管南京的空间结构优于阿尔及尔,但其城市的可行走性和渗透性,仍然是城市规划中所面临的一个重大挑战。目前的空间结构和创建大型街区的想法,将鼓励人们购买更多的汽车,从而消耗更多的能源。最后,对2030年城市扩张的预测表明,阿尔及尔的空间结构将更加分散,城市扩张将主要发生在城市周边的郊区。而南京的城市扩张将一直持续,并占用更多的土地。

关键词：城市扩张城市形态空间分析阿尔及尔市南京市

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移动自组网络路由协议性能分析

移动自组网络路由协议性能分析

作者： mohamed lamine tourE 中南大学

学位级别：硕士

随着科学技术地发展,通信技术面临着许多困难,尤其是在安全、科学研究及商务服务等重要领域中面临着很大的挑战。本文主要研究移动自组网络中路由协议的性能分析。移动自组网是计算机通信中一个新的概念。用户可以通过移动自组网这种... 详细信息

随着科学技术地发展,通信技术面临着许多困难,尤其是在安全、科学研究及商务服务等重要领域中面临着很大的挑战。本文主要研究移动自组网络中路由协议的性能分析。移动自组网是计算机通信中一个新的概念。用户可以通过移动自组网这种临时和无中心管理的网络互相通信。每个节点在网络中即作为主机又作为路由器,它可为其它节点转发数据包,所以需要一个路由协议实现数据包的转发。本文介绍和分析了Dynamic Source Routing(DSR),Ad hoe On-Demand Vector(AODV)及其它协议。我们需要根据移动自组网络具体情况和协议自身特点来选择合适的路由协议.通过使用一些标准来评价路由协议的性能,将移动自组网络中的路由协议分为两大部分(简单情况和复杂情况),不同类型协议适应于具体不同的网络。本文分析了用来转发数据与交叉点通信工作点的位置、节点信号传输的辐射区域及一些数学方程.通过Visual Basic编程实现了计算中转工作点的位置和数目,并给出了模拟分析结果。同时使用Java编程语言实现了动态源路由协议(DSR),通过采用Socket(输入/输出)发送和接收消息的方法模拟分析了DSR协议。最后,论文探讨了应用GloMoSim分析网络性能,论文中给出了不同协议在不同网络环境下的应用效果。论文最后给出了移动自组网络中的主要研究方向和进步的研究工作。

关键词： Ad hoc网络路由协议无线网络移动环境 GloMoSim

Peritonitis: Perioperative Care in Surgical Emergencies CHU Ignace Deen

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2023年第4期13卷 85-94页

作者： Abdoulaye touré Amadou Yalla Camara Almamy Bangoura M’Mah lamine Camara Marie Paul Sidohon Okou Anesthesia-Resuscitation Service Ignace Deen Hospital Conakry Guinea Department of Medical and Surgical Emergency Donka University Hospital Conakry Guinea Anesthesia-Resuscitation Service Donka University Hospital Conakry Guinea

Objective: Describe the perioperative management of peritonitis in surgical emergencies. Methodology: This was a prospective observational study of the descriptive type over a period of 12 months from January 01 to December 31, 2020 in the surgical emergency room at the CHU Ignace Deen. Included in the study were all patients admitted for peritonitis aged greater than or equal to 18 years. The parameters were epidemiological, clinical and anesthetic. Results: Of the 653 admissions to surgical emergencies in 2020, 185 cases presented with peritonitis, i.e. 29.3%. The average age was 38.6 ± 16.64 years with extremes of 18 and 90 years. The sex ratio was 1.89. The comorbidities were dominated by gastritis and hypertension, i.e. 22%. The patients were classified as ASA 3U (52.4%), ASA2 U (39.5%) and ASA 4 U (8.1%). Preoperative resuscitation was provided only with 100% saline. 25.5% of patients had received a blood transfusion. The response time was less than 48 hours, i.e. 77.6%. General anesthesia was performed for all patients. Ketamine was the most used IV hypnotic (56.3%) combined with 100% halothane. The curares used were suxamethonium at (81.6%), Atracurium (81.6%) and rocuronium at (18.3%). Fentanyl was the only morphine used. Senior anesthesia technicians provided anesthesia in (63.2%). Intraoperative incidents were dominated by hypotension, difficult intubation, cardiac arrest, respectively 10.3%, 8% and 0.5%. The immediate postoperative incidents were arterial hypotension, nausea and desaturation, respectively 52.9%, 80% and 32.4%. Mortality was 3.4%. Conclusion: The perioperative management of peritonitis in the emergency room must be as early as possible in order to reduce morbidity and mortality.

关键词： Surgical Emergencies Peritonitis Anesthesia Perioperative

Open Fractures of Limbs by the Bite of Domestic Donkeys: An Unusual Aetiology

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第12期12卷 485-492页

作者： mohamed Sidibé mohamed lamine Bah Fodé Mahamoud Sylla Tafsir Camara Serge Ntungwanayo Orthopedic-Traumatology Department of the Tambacounda Regional Hospital Tambacounda Senegal Orthopedic-Traumatology Department of the Ignace Deen National Hospital in the Republic of Guinea Conakry Guinea

Introduction: The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological, lesional, therapeutic and evolutionary profile of open fractures of limbs by bites of domestic donkeys. Patients and Methods: This is a prospective descriptive study over 28 months made in the Orthopedics-Traumatology department of the Tambacounda Regional Hospital in Senegal, concerning patients bitten by donkeys, resulting in an open fracture of the thoracic and pelvic limbs. Results: Twelve male patients were included. The average age was 10.50 years ± 2.60. The most common circumstance was the bite when two donkeys were separated. The thoracic limbs were the most affected by the occurrence of the arm. Cauchoix-Duparc type II and AO A2 and B2 were predominant. The essential trimming/osteosynthesis was carried out within 24 hours of the bite. Serovaccination was systematic, but on the other hand, a single dose of anti-rabies serum was administered. Pinning was the most commonly used bone synthesis. Complications were mainly infectious, followed by a case of radial nerve palsy and non-union on pins. Conclusion: The typical profile of an open donkey bite fracture is a male child/adolescent who is bitten during the separation of two fighting donkeys. The lesions are most often found in the thoracic limbs with a predominance of Cauchoix-Duparc type II and type A2 and B2 fractures of the AO, whose treatment consisted of trimming and pinning. The infectious complications of the soft tissues marked the evolution.

关键词： Open Fractures Limbs Bite Donkeys

Acute Alithiasis Cholecystitis in Children: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach in the Pediatric Surgery Department of the CHU of Conakry

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第1期13卷 86-91页

作者： Balla Keita Mamadou Alpha toure mohamed lamine Sadou Sacko Thierno Saidou Barry mohamed lamine Diallo Mamadou Madiou Barry Daniel Agbo-Panzo Department of Pediatric Surgery National Hospital of Donka/CHU Conakry Guinea Faculty of Science and Technology University Gamal Abdel Nasser of Conakry Conakry Guinea

Acute alithiasic cholecystitis (AAC) is the inflammatory disease of the gallbladder in the absence of gallstones. It is a rare pathology in children. The aim was to describe the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics of this disease. Materials and Method: This was a 3-year retrospective study (January 2008 to December 2010) including 66 patient records collected for CAA. Results: The frequency of AAC was 3.57%, the mean age of the patients was 8 ± 3.52 years, and there were 36 boys and 30 girls. The main clinical features were right hypochondrial pain (66 cases), positive Murphy’s (66 cases), fever (53 cases) and jaundice or sub-jaundice (51 cases). The main ultrasound signs were thickened vesicular wall 50 cas (75.76%), vesicular distension 50cas (75.76%) and positive ultrasound Murphy 47 cas (71.21%). Medical treatment was exclusive in 64 patients (96.97%) and surgical treatment in 2 patients (3.03%). Conclusion: Acute alithiasic cholecystitis is a rare pathology in children, the clinical picture is not very specific and abdominal ultrasound is the key to early diagnosis. Conservative treatment is the first choice in the absence of any complications.

关键词： Acute Alithiasic Cholecystitis Children Medical Treatment

Study of the Impact of Grid Disconnections on the Production of a Photovoltaic Solar Power Plant: Case of Diamniadio Power Plant

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2023年第6期11卷 16-25页

作者： Amadou Ndiaye mohamed Cherif Aidara Amy Mbaye Mamadou lamine Ndiaye Laboratoire Eau-Energie-Environnement-Procédés Industriels (L3EPI) Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Dakar Senegal

Today, renewable energy projects connected to the interconnected network, with powers of the order of tens of megawatts, are more and more numerous in sub-Saharan Africa. And financing these investments requires a reliable amortization schedule. In the context of photovoltaic systems connected to the interconnected electricity grid, the quintessence of damping is the amount of energy injected into the grid. Thus it is fundamental to know the parameters of this network and their variation. This paper presents an evaluation of the impact of power grid disturbances on the performance of a solar PV plant under real conditions. The CICAD photovoltaic solar plant, connected to the Senelec distribution network, with an installed capacity of 2 MWp is the study setting. An energy audit of the plant is carried out. Then the percentage of each loss is determined: voltage drops, module degradation, inverter efficiency. The duration of each disconnection is measured and recorded daily. The corresponding quantity of lost energy is thus calculated from meteorological data (irradiation, temperature, wind speed, illumination) recorded by the measurement unit in one-minute steps. The observation period is three months. The total duration of disconnections related to the instability of the electrical network during the study period is 46.7 hours. The amount of energy lost is estimated at 22.6 MWh. This represents 2.4% of the actual calculated production.

关键词： Photovoltaic Power Plant Disconnections Network Evaluation Lost En-ergy

Mechanical, Microstructural and Mineralogical Analyses of Porous Clay Pots Elaborated with Rice Husks

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2018年第3期6卷 257-270页

作者： Yeri Dah-Traoré lamine Zerbo mohamed Seynou Raguilnaba Ouedraogo Laboratory of Molecular and Materials Chemistry Chemistry Department University Ouaga 1 Professor Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

This paper deals with the elaboration of porous ceramic pots with raw clay materials and rice husks for water filtration. The basic raw clays have been mixed with rice husks at different ratio 10% and 15% weight (wt) and sintering at 1200°C, 1300°C and 1400°C for 30 minutes. The elaborated pots have been tested for their densification properties and filtration flow. The mineralogy and microstructure of pot have been also studied to explain the different results. The pot with 10% wt rice husks and sintering at 1300°C during 30 minutes presents a sufficient porosity and mechanical strength to be used for water filtration.

关键词： Ceramic Porous Materials Raw Clay Rice Husks

Cervical Meningocele about 2 Operated Cases

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2024年第1期14卷 1-7页

作者： mohamed El Hassimi Cissé Mamadou Salia Diarra N’Famara Sylla Abdoulaye Diop Izoudine Blaise Koumaré Théodore Habib Maxime Coulibaly Oumar Diallo Drissa Kanikomo Neurosurgery Department of CHU Mère-Enfant “Le Luxembourg” Bamako Mali Neurosurgery Unit of Army Medico-Surgical Center of Bamako Bamako Mali Neurosurgery Department of CHNU de Fann Dakar Sénégal Neurosurgery Department of CHU Hospital du Mali Bamako Mali Neurosurgery Department of CHU Gabriel touré Bamako Mali

Cervical meningoceles are the least common forms of spina bifida, representing between 4% to 8% of all spinal dysraphisms. They are not accompanied by neurological deficit in childhood but attached cord syndrome can occur with growth. Surgical treatment, in addition to avoiding rupture and correcting the aesthetic damage, will preserve neurological functions. We report 2 cases that we took care of. They are a 5-month-old infant and a 3-year-old girl. The first presented a 7 cm rounded meningocele pedunculated through the C1 lamina defect. The second presented an 8.6 cm polylobed meningocele pedunculated through the C2 lamina defect. They both underwent surgery with good progress.

关键词： Cervical Meningocele Spinal Dysraphism Spina Bifida