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沙里亚大法史及其在华的演化发展研究

沙里亚大法史及其在华的演化发展研究

作者： mohamed elsayed IBRAHIM ABDOU 上海师范大学

学位级别：硕士

作为世界五大法系之一的沙里亚大法是一部包罗万象的宗教法规汇集,是一种将法律、伦理和教规紧密结合的宗教法。它由伊斯兰教基本原则检验,接替了古代罗马法、巴比伦法、波斯法和犹太法的某些习惯和法律传统,从而具备了较广泛的适应性,... 详细信息

作为世界五大法系之一的沙里亚大法是一部包罗万象的宗教法规汇集,是一种将法律、伦理和教规紧密结合的宗教法。它由伊斯兰教基本原则检验,接替了古代罗马法、巴比伦法、波斯法和犹太法的某些习惯和法律传统,从而具备了较广泛的适应性,被称为“宽容的法律”(al-Shari’ah al-Samhah),其内容涵盖了宗教、法律、经济、政治、伦理道德、军事、生活习俗等各个领域。在沙里亚大法学中,最根本的来源是《古兰经》,其次是圣训,所以它被称为“启示法律”或“圣神法律”。沙里亚大法是基本对立并独立于当时法律实践的法律学说体系而产生,其对人类社会的影响十分重大。沙里亚大法很早就引起世界上,尤其西方学术界的广泛关注,但长期以来尚未引起中国学术界的高度重视,近期正是在阿中双方学者的共同推动下,会出现前所未有的繁荣局面。在中国,以沙里亚大法这个概念为主题的作品十分鲜见,从全国论文期刊全文数据库中检索到有关沙里亚法的论文尚不足几篇,仅有的几篇也只限于研究沙里亚法的著作中个别章节的简单介绍,真正的专题研究论文更是凤毛麟角,对于沙里亚大法史及其在华的演化发展研究也无从查证。另外,信息传播手段中某些著作和网站对沙里亚大法这个概念的理解存在偏差和误解。为此,本文从较深地层面论述沙里亚大法的历史。沙里亚大法在时代和环境的变迁发展中不断做出适应性的调整,在历史的潮流中不断焕发出新的生机。对沙里亚大法在华延伸的状况进行学术研究,首先,要研究其从开始传入中国,历经唐、宋、元、明、清,随后进入民国并传播到今天的一个发展状态;其次,研究它为适应中国环境而演化出的,具有强烈中国特色的沙里亚习惯法。在中国这个多民族、多文化共存的社会中,各民族习惯法同国家法功能关系的协调是各族人民融洽相处的必要条件,因此需要调适两者之间的关系,在不违背国家法制定规范的大前提下,各民族遵守自己的习惯法。

关键词：沙里亚大法史习惯法穆菲提《古兰经》本土化中国

Catalyst Free Synthesis of Pyridine-2,6-bis(2-bromo-propane-1,3-dione) and Pyrdine-2,6-bis(<i>N</i>-arylthiazoline-2-thiones)

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2015年第1期5卷 39-45页

作者： Korany A. Ali mohamed A. elsayed Eman Ali Ragab Applied Organic Chemistry Department National Research Centre Dokki-Giza Egypt Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt

We have described herein a catalyst-free preparation method of pyridine-2,6-bis(N-alkylthiazoline-2-thiones) (4a-i) by the reaction of primary amines, CS2, and pyridine-2,6-bis(2-bromo-1,3- dicarbonyl) derivatives (2a-c) in water. Also, we have described a catalyst free, green chemistry protocols to monobromination of pyridine-2,6-bis(2-bromo-1,3-dicarbonyl) derivatives with high yield, using NBS as a brominating agent, that led to eco-friendly isolation and purification proce-dures. Furthermore, we have studied the reactivity of pyridine-2,6-bis(2-bromo-1-methyl-pro- pane-1,3-dione) (2a) towards thiourea to afford 2,6-bis(5-benzoyl-2-aminothiazol-4-yl)pyridine (9).

关键词： N-Alkylthiazoline-2-Thiones Catalyst-Free Reactions Monobromination 2 6-Disubstituted Pyridine

Bronchotomy as a Safe and Feasible Alternative to Failed Bronchoscopic Removal of Foreign Body Inhalation in Pediatrics. A Seven-Year Review

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Open Journal of Thoracic Surgery 2021年第2期11卷 47-57页

作者： Montaser Abd Elaziz Mohammed Eltaweel mohamed elsayed Mohammed El-Hag-Aly Cardiothoracic Surgery Department Faculty of Medicine Menoufia University Al Minufya Egypt Faculty of Medicine Jazan University Jazan KSA

Background: Aspiration of foreign body is popular in pediatric age group and is considered as an important cause of respiratory distress and chocking in these children. Management strategies are different according to the mode of presentation. This study aims to assess the efficacy of rigid bronchoscopy and the role of bronchotomy as a safe alternative for failed removal of inhaled foreign body. Methods: We enrolled 254 patients with foreign body aspiration (FBA) up to 14 years old in a retrospective observational study. Our patients were reviewed from the Cardiothoracic Surgery Department and cases referred from Otorhinolaryngology Department, Menoufia University Hospital between June 2010 and July 2017. Using jet ventilation technique, foreign body was removed by the rigid bronchoscopy with either extracting forceps or postural drainage. Surgical interference such as bronchotomy needed in distally impacted foreign bodies (FBs). Results: Our study included 254 patients prepared for bronchoscopic FBs extraction. Most of cases (68.8%) presented early within first week (174 cases). No FBs detected in 44 cases by rigid bronchoscopy, although it was successful in 176 (69.5%) cases with non- impacted inhaled FBs. 14 cases only needed postural drainage due to inaccessible FBs, another 12 cases failed to extract FB with rigid bronchoscopy but they were managed with flexible bronchoscopy. Bronchotomy was needed for impacted FBs in eight cases (3%). Conclusion: This study’s findings support that rigid bronchoscopy is the gold standard in the diagnosis and removal of foreign body aspirations in pediatrics, but rigid bronchoscopy demonstrated less capability in the diagnosis and removal of small distally located foreign bodies. Bronchotomy is safe and effective alternative.

关键词： Bronchoscopy Bronchotomy Foreign Body

Influence of light pattern thickness on the manipulation of dielectric microparticles by optoelectronic tweezers

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Photonics Research 2022年第2期10卷 550-556页

作者： Shuailong Zhang mohamed elsayed Ran Peng Yujie Chen Yanfeng Zhang Steven L.Neale Aaron R.Wheeler School of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Department of Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3H6Canada Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3G9Canada Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3E1Canada Department of Marine Engineering Dalian Maritime UniversityDalian 116026China State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies School of Electronics and Information TechnologySun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China James Watt School of Engineering University of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQUK

Optoelectronic tweezer(OET) is a useful optical micromanipulation technology that has been demonstrated for various applications in electrical engineering and most notably cell selection for biomedical engineering. In this work, we studied the use of light patterns with different shapes and thicknesses to manipulate dielectric microparticles with OET. It was demonstrated that the maximum velocities of the microparticles increase to a peak and then gradually decrease as the light pattern’s thickness increases. Numerical simulations were run to clarify the underlying physical mechanisms, and it was found that the observed phenomenon is due to the co-influence of horizontal and vertical dielectrophoresis forces related to the light pattern’s thickness. Further experiments were run on light patterns with different shapes and objects with different sizes and structures. The experimental results indicate that the physical mechanism elucidated in this research is an important one that applies to different light pattern shapes and different objects, which is useful for enabling users to optimize OET settings for future micromanipulation applications.

关键词： pattern dielectric light

The Need for Cardiac Pacing after Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

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Open Journal of Thoracic Surgery 2022年第2期12卷 21-32页

作者： Montaser Elsawy Abd Elaziz Eman Gomaa Saleh mohamed Gaber elsayed Bassem A. Hafez Cardiothoracic Surgery Department Faculty of Medicine Menoufia University Menoufia Egypt Faculty of Medicine Jazan University Jazan Saudi Arabia Neuropsychiatry Department Faculty of Medicine Menoufia University Menoufia Egypt

Background: The aim of this study is to assess the necessity of temporary cardiac pacing and identify the predictors of pacing after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of 150 patients who had isolated CABG between November 2013 and December 2021. Patients were classified into two groups: group A, (n = 135) who did not need to be paced and group B, (n = 15) who needed temporary epicardial pacing. Only 10% (15/150) of patients in the study needed pacing. The primary outcome variable was assessment of the need for postoperative temporary cardiac pacing (TCP) (patients were paced during chest closure or at any time during hospital admission). The incidence of pacing during the postoperative period was observed. Univariate and multivariate predictors for postoperative pacing were determined and specicific predictors for cardiac pacing were found. Results: In both univariate and multivariate analysis, Old age > 65 years, diabetes mellitus, pacing to come off cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), CPB time > 100 min, cardioversion to leave OR, antiarrhythmics to leave OR and new onset of atrial fibrillation (AF), were found to be significant predictors for the need to cardiac pacing. Conclusion: After coronary artery bypass surgery, a small percentage of patients require TCP. We emphasize unique predictors for postoperative pacing in this study.

关键词： Temporary Epicardial Pacing Coronary Artery Bypass Arrhythmias

Nano-copper Oxide as Catalyst for Click Reactions

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2016年第7期10卷 341-346页

作者： Reda Abdelhady Mustafa ElKhashab Abdelaziz Ahmed Nayl elsayed mohamed Badawy TamerAbdelmoemen El Malah Chemistry Department College of Science Aljouf University Sakaka Kingdom of Saudi Arabia National Center for Clinical and Environmental Toxicology Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt Hot Laboratories Centre Atomic Energy Authority Cairo P.O. 13 759 Egypt Photochemistry Department National Research Centre 33 E1Buhouth Street PO 12622 Dokki Giza Egypt

Click reactions are not specific reactions, but they are a way of generating products that follow examples in nature by joining small moieties, with each other producing a huge molecule in a good yield. The mind of that reaction is used in biomolecules synthesis, pharmacological and various biometric applications. The first Click reaction is the Copper compounds-catalyzed reaction of an azide with an alkyne （CuAAC）, this copper-catalyzed ＂click＂ does not require legands on the metal but the metal oxides also can accelerate the reactions. For enhancement the products of Click reactions we were replacing the copper compounds in a classical reaction by the prepared nanocopper compound （NPs）. And measure the consumption of starting material. Behind the evolution is the catalytic effect of nanocopper compounding （NPs） on （H2O2）. Owing to the huge surface area of nanocopper compound （NPs）, it was found that： the （NPs） can speed up decomposition of H2O2, also can accelerate the classical click reaction.

关键词： Nanocopper oxide click reactions catalysis hydrogen peroxide.

Quintic B-Spline Method for Solving Sharma Tasso Oliver Equation

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2022年第12期10卷 3920-3936页

作者： Talaat S. Eldanaf mohamed elsayed Mahmoud A. Eissa Faisal Ezz-Eldeen Abd Alaal Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science Menoufia University Shebin El-Kom Egypt Basic Science Department School of Engineering Canadian International College “CIC” Giza Egypt Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Damanhour University Damanhour Egypt

When analysing the thermal conductivity of magnetic fluids, the traditional Sharma-Tasso-Olver (STO) equation is crucial. The Sharma-Tasso-Olive equation’s approximate solution is the primary goal of this work. The quintic B-spline collocation method is used for solving such nonlinear partial differential equations. The developed plan uses the collocation approach and finite difference method to solve the problem under consideration. The given problem is discretized in both time and space directions. Forward difference formula is used for temporal discretization. Collocation method is used for spatial discretization. Additionally, by using Von Neumann stability analysis, it is demonstrated that the devised scheme is stable and convergent with regard to time. Examining two analytical approaches to show the effectiveness and performance of our approximate solution.

关键词： Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations Sharma-Tasso-Olver (STO) Equation Quintic B-Spline Collocation Method Von Neumann Stability Analysis

Asymptomatic bile duct stones:The devil is in the details

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第5期16卷 227-231页

作者： Mohammed Omar Khalifa elsayed mohamed Gamal Talkhan Department of Gastroenterology South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustMiddlesbrough TS43BWUnited Kingdom

Common bile duct(CBD)stones are a common biliary tract *** asymp-tomatic CBD stones,stone removal by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreato-graphy(ERCP)is recommended in available *** asymptomatic CBD stones is a benign disease with no noticeable symptoms,the risk vs benefit strategy should be thoroughly considered before performing ERCP in these *** care review,technical aspects of the procedure,and patient preferences should also be considered.

关键词： Asymptomatic Common bile duct stones Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Outcome Guidelines

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汉语与阿拉伯语的礼貌交际语语用对比分析

汉字文化 2020年第20期 124-125页

作者： FAYROUZ ABDELSAMIE elsayed mohamed(菲珞) 华东师范大学国际汉语文化学院 200062

礼貌用语是交流中重要的语言工具,也是社会文化的重要部分。每个民族和国家具有独特的礼貌用语,因此交际就很容易产生障碍。本文通过研究阿拉伯语与汉语的礼貌用语中最主要的四类:问候语、致歉语、致谢语以及祝愿语中最常见的礼貌用语词... 详细信息

礼貌用语是交流中重要的语言工具,也是社会文化的重要部分。每个民族和国家具有独特的礼貌用语,因此交际就很容易产生障碍。本文通过研究阿拉伯语与汉语的礼貌用语中最主要的四类:问候语、致歉语、致谢语以及祝愿语中最常见的礼貌用语词汇,可以找出两者的异同,从而可以更好地理解汉阿礼貌用语的语用差异对埃及汉语学习者的影响,并对汉语老师与埃及汉语学习者提出了在礼貌用语教学和学习方面中的建议。

关键词：阿拉伯语汉语礼貌用语跨文化交际