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Evaluation of the Physical and Chemical Fertility of Soils in the Sylvopastoral Zone: Case of the Pilot Site of the National Institute of Pedology in the Commune of kelle Gueye (Louga/Senegal)

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2022年第5期14卷 503-515页

作者： Niang Aliou Ndao mohamed lamine Silvopastoral Zone National Institute of Pedology (INP/Louga) Louga Sénégal Department of Land Planning Environment and Urban Management Graduate School of Applied Economics (ESEA) Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

The study of the reference state of the physico-chemical fertility of the soils of the pilot site of the National Institute of Pedology in the commune of kelle Gueye to test the effect of phosphocomposte on cowpea and groundnut, allowed us to better understand the aptitudes of the above-mentioned crops. The methodology used consisted of taking soil samples on a regular 25 m grid, carrying out complete physico-chemical analyses at the INP laboratory and an analysis of climatic parameters. The results obtained were used to produce thematic maps to better interpret the various parameters. The physico-chemical analyses at the 0 - 20 cm horizon show a pH (6.1 - 7.9) close to neutral and a non-saline soil (EC table for groundnut and cowpea cultivation. However, some chemical parameters need to be improved to make the soil more fertile.

关键词： Thematic Maps Physico-Chemical Analysis Phosphocomposting

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移动自组网络路由协议性能分析

移动自组网络路由协议性能分析

作者： mohamed lamine TOURE 中南大学

学位级别：硕士

随着科学技术地发展,通信技术面临着许多困难,尤其是在安全、科学研究及商务服务等重要领域中面临着很大的挑战。本文主要研究移动自组网络中路由协议的性能分析。移动自组网是计算机通信中一个新的概念。用户可以通过移动自组网这种... 详细信息

随着科学技术地发展,通信技术面临着许多困难,尤其是在安全、科学研究及商务服务等重要领域中面临着很大的挑战。本文主要研究移动自组网络中路由协议的性能分析。移动自组网是计算机通信中一个新的概念。用户可以通过移动自组网这种临时和无中心管理的网络互相通信。每个节点在网络中即作为主机又作为路由器,它可为其它节点转发数据包,所以需要一个路由协议实现数据包的转发。本文介绍和分析了Dynamic Source Routing(DSR),Ad hoe On-Demand Vector(AODV)及其它协议。我们需要根据移动自组网络具体情况和协议自身特点来选择合适的路由协议.通过使用一些标准来评价路由协议的性能,将移动自组网络中的路由协议分为两大部分(简单情况和复杂情况),不同类型协议适应于具体不同的网络。本文分析了用来转发数据与交叉点通信工作点的位置、节点信号传输的辐射区域及一些数学方程.通过Visual Basic编程实现了计算中转工作点的位置和数目,并给出了模拟分析结果。同时使用Java编程语言实现了动态源路由协议(DSR),通过采用Socket(输入/输出)发送和接收消息的方法模拟分析了DSR协议。最后,论文探讨了应用GloMoSim分析网络性能,论文中给出了不同协议在不同网络环境下的应用效果。论文最后给出了移动自组网络中的主要研究方向和进步的研究工作。

关键词： Ad hoc网络路由协议无线网络移动环境 GloMoSim

土壤耕作与秸秆还田对江西双季稻产量和温室气体排放的影响

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土壤耕作与秸秆还田对江西双季稻产量和温室气体排放的影响

作者： mohamed lamine SAMOURA 中国农业科学院

学位级别：硕士

水稻是我国最主要的粮食作物之一,60%以上的人口以稻米为主食。稻田是农业环境中CH4排放的重要来源,约占全球人为排放量的1/4。如何在持续提升水稻产量的同时,减少农田温室气体的排放,实现高产低碳稻作已经成为亟待解决的重要科学问题... 详细信息

水稻是我国最主要的粮食作物之一,60%以上的人口以稻米为主食。稻田是农业环境中CH4排放的重要来源,约占全球人为排放量的1/4。如何在持续提升水稻产量的同时,减少农田温室气体的排放,实现高产低碳稻作已经成为亟待解决的重要科学问题和生产技术。已有研究表明,土壤耕作措施和秸秆还田均可以影响稻田温室气体排放,但对其交互效应尚不明确。因此,本文以我国主要的水稻生产区域-双季稻区为研究对象,开展了不同耕作方式和秸秆还田方式对双季稻区水稻生产力和稻田温室气体排放影响的研究,同时在100年的尺度上评价不同处理下稻田的周年温室效应。主要研究结论如下:(1)与翻耕相比,旋耕条件下早稻和晚稻的产量均较高,但差异不显著;秸秆还田显著提高早稻和晚稻的产量。水稻产量的高低主要取决于有效穗数和穗粒数。其中,晚稻产量主要受穗粒数的影响,与翻耕秸秆全量还田相比,翻耕根茬还田、旋耕根茬还田和旋耕秸秆全量还田处理下的穗粒数分别高出7.9%、23.9%和10.6%;早稻产量则主要受有效穗数的影响,与旋耕秸秆全量还田相比,翻耕根茬还田、翻耕秸秆全量还田和旋耕根茬还田处理有效穗数分别高出约13.7%、6.2%和21.6%。(2)秸秆还田显著增加了早稻和晚稻稻田CH4的排放,但降低了冬闲期CH4的排放。与旋耕相比,翻耕显著降低了两季水稻稻田CH4的排放,但对N2O的影响不显著。早稻和晚稻稻田CH4排放均呈现出双峰的趋势,但第一个峰值出现时间有所不同,晚稻峰值出现在分蘖盛期,而早稻峰值出现略晚。与根茬还田相比,翻耕方式下晚稻季、冬闲和早稻季秸秆换全量还田下CH4排放量分别增加了47.3%、26.1%、5.4%,旋耕方式下则分别增加了39.7%、7.1%、6.1%。与旋耕相比,根茬还田下晚稻季、冬闲、早稻季翻耕处理的CH4排放分别降低了96.1%、45.4%、30.0%;而秸秆全量还田下则分别降低了约86.0%、82.7%和30.8%。(3)在100年尺度上,CH4的排放量决定全球增温潜势(GWP)。本研究中,GWP呈现出和CH4累积排放量一样的趋势,即秸秆全量还田大于根茬还田,旋耕大于翻耕,且差异均达到显著水平。稻田温室气体排放强度(GHGI)由产量和GWP共同决定。GHGI在晚稻季趋势与GWP一致,而早稻季差异不显著。周年效应上,由于冬闲期CH4排放量较低,故GWP与CH4排放趋势一致,即秸秆全量还田显著大于根茬还田,旋耕显著大于翻耕。由于翻耕+根插还田处理中晚稻产量低,所以在翻耕秸秆全量还田处理中周年GHGI最低。因此,对于双季稻区而言,在翻耕方式下进行秸秆全量还田是一种较好的高产低碳稻作措施。

关键词：气候变化粮食安全双季稻产量 CH4 N2O 温室效应

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用全蛋粉作为挤压婴幼儿食品营养增补剂研究

用全蛋粉作为挤压婴幼儿食品营养增补剂研究

作者： mohamed lamine Bangoura 江南大学

学位级别：硕士

给婴幼儿提供充分的营养对维持他们的健康是极为重要的,不能够从食品中吸收足够的营养对他们的发育是有害的。在婴幼儿期营养缺乏正影响世界上很大一部分人群,因此FAO制定了在食品中添加营养物的发展计划来挑战在婴幼儿中的营养不良现... 详细信息

给婴幼儿提供充分的营养对维持他们的健康是极为重要的,不能够从食品中吸收足够的营养对他们的发育是有害的。在婴幼儿期营养缺乏正影响世界上很大一部分人群,因此FAO制定了在食品中添加营养物的发展计划来挑战在婴幼儿中的营养不良现象。谷物(如大米)、豆类(如大豆)、果蔬(胡萝卜)等的营养特性可以通改良或者处理(如挤压技术)使之能够更有利于人们食用。挤压蒸煮技术现在已经被广泛的应用于动植物食品原料制作速食食品。婴幼儿食谱利用本地最廉价的食品资源来制定。用来做为食品营养添加的食品原料主要有大米、大豆、胡萝卜、全蛋粉以及麦芽糊精来做为三种婴幼儿食品配方(WF,WF和WF)的原料。这三种婴幼儿食品配方的混合为水分10%原料分别在100,110和120℃进行挤压,挤压主要预先焙烤混合全蛋粉和麦芽糊精的原料赋予其热粘弹性、化学营养特性、提高氨基酸和氮溶解指数。用市场上销售的婴幼儿食品以及GB 10770-1997的营养标准和本研究中的三种婴幼儿食品进行对比。三种配方在混合料中营养成份如下:蛋白质:17.16,18.38,和18.05%;水份:8.06,8.09和8.04%;脂肪:18.13,18.69,和18.54%;碳水化合物:55.57,54.08,and 54.60%;能质:457.59,458.05,和457.66 kcal/100g;矿物质主要有Fe,Zn,Ca,Mg and P。三种婴幼儿WF,WF和WF混合料最大的BU值分别为281,301和225 BU。氨基酸氮溶指数与三种婴幼儿食品的蛋白质溶解指数存在一定的联系,最大的溶解指数的pH范围为6-8,WF的氮溶解指数最大73.37%,WF为71.37%,WF的氮溶指数值最低为70.51%。WF的水吸收能力最大为393mL/g,WF为365mL/g,WF的水吸收能力最低为294mL/g。体积密度随着全蛋粉的添加量的增加而减小,三种婴幼儿食品的体积密度分别为0.42g/mL,0.34g/mL和0.26g/mL。用DSC分析挤压配方的WF和CWF热变性,同时蛋白质变性、碳水化合物成分,感官分析和微生物也被分析。

关键词：挤压营养品质婴幼儿食品添加剂

城市形态比较分析：南京和阿尔及尔城市形态及未来前景

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城市形态比较分析：南京和阿尔及尔城市形态及未来前景

作者： CHEDDAH mohamed lamine 东南大学

学位级别：硕士

城市的快速扩张是当今城市发展面临主要挑战之一。这种增长如果不受控制和引导,极有可能对社会、经济、环境等产生极大地负面影响。城市扩张是一种普遍现象,在非洲和亚洲大陆尤其明显。然而,这种扩张过于急速,会对就业、住房、能源、基... 详细信息

城市的快速扩张是当今城市发展面临主要挑战之一。这种增长如果不受控制和引导,极有可能对社会、经济、环境等产生极大地负面影响。城市扩张是一种普遍现象,在非洲和亚洲大陆尤其明显。然而,这种扩张过于急速,会对就业、住房、能源、基础设施等方面带来一些挑战,比如城市贫困人口增加、贫民窟扩大、城市环境恶化等问题。本文对阿尔及尔市与南京市的城市形态进行了比较分析,重点比较了两座城市的城市形态演变过程,分析了它们的空间结构与城市面临的主要城市问题间的关系。除此之外,本文还探索了两个城市空间结构的相似性和差异性,以便对它们的增长类型和程度进行更加准确的分析。本文运用的技术方法主要为定性和定量相结合的方法,还结合多种形态学方法,如历史地理、空间句法、类型形态学、Cellular automata(CA)等,多角度的分析阿尔及尔和南京正在面临的城市问题。研究结果表明,阿尔及尔市和南京市所经历的不同事件是导致各自空间结构不断演变的主要原因。阿尔及尔的城市形态和空间结构在历史上保持相对稳定,干预措施较少;而南京的城市形态和空间结构则处于不断变化之中。阿尔及尔一九八零年扩张开始起步。而南京市的快速扩张起步较晚,开始于二十一世纪初。推动两城市快速扩张的主要因素不同,对于南京来说,经济和人口的增长是两个主要因素;对于阿尔及尔来说,人口城市化、交通设施的发展、政策和战略规划主要因素。通过对阿尔及尔市城市空间结构的分析可知,城市有机交通网络的可达性相对于南京较低,这种脆弱的空间结构体现在阿尔及尔市严重的交通拥堵中。尽管南京的空间结构优于阿尔及尔,但其城市的可行走性和渗透性,仍然是城市规划中所面临的一个重大挑战。目前的空间结构和创建大型街区的想法,将鼓励人们购买更多的汽车,从而消耗更多的能源。最后,对2030年城市扩张的预测表明,阿尔及尔的空间结构将更加分散,城市扩张将主要发生在城市周边的郊区。而南京的城市扩张将一直持续,并占用更多的土地。

关键词：城市扩张城市形态空间分析阿尔及尔市南京市

Open Fractures of Limbs by the Bite of Domestic Donkeys: An Unusual Aetiology

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第12期12卷 485-492页

作者： mohamed Sidibé mohamed lamine Bah Fodé Mahamoud Sylla tafsir Camara Serge Ntungwanayo Orthopedic-Traumatology Department of the tambacounda Regional Hospital Tambacounda Senegal Orthopedic-Traumatology Department of the Ignace Deen National Hospital in the Republic of Guinea Conakry Guinea

Introduction: The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological, lesional, therapeutic and evolutionary profile of open fractures of limbs by bites of domestic donkeys. Patients and Methods: This is a prospective descriptive study over 28 months made in the Orthopedics-Traumatology department of the tambacounda Regional Hospital in Senegal, concerning patients bitten by donkeys, resulting in an open fracture of the thoracic and pelvic limbs. Results: Twelve male patients were included. The average age was 10.50 years ± 2.60. The most common circumstance was the bite when two donkeys were separated. The thoracic limbs were the most affected by the occurrence of the arm. Cauchoix-Duparc type II and AO A2 and B2 were predominant. The essential trimming/osteosynthesis was carried out within 24 hours of the bite. Serovaccination was systematic, but on the other hand, a single dose of anti-rabies serum was administered. Pinning was the most commonly used bone synthesis. Complications were mainly infectious, followed by a case of radial nerve palsy and non-union on pins. Conclusion: The typical profile of an open donkey bite fracture is a male child/adolescent who is bitten during the separation of two fighting donkeys. The lesions are most often found in the thoracic limbs with a predominance of Cauchoix-Duparc type II and type A2 and B2 fractures of the AO, whose treatment consisted of trimming and pinning. The infectious complications of the soft tissues marked the evolution.

关键词： Open Fractures Limbs Bite Donkeys

Urban Dynamics and Emergence of New Centers in the Dakar Region (Senegal)

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2024年第4期16卷 227-243页

作者： Mouhamadou Moustapha Mbacké Ndour mohamed lamine Ndao Alphousseyni Ndonky UFR Engineering Sciences Iba Der Thiam University of This This Senegal Higher School of Applied Economics (ESEA) Cheikh Anta DIOP University Dakar Senegal

Due to the status of the Dakar region as the former capital of AOF (French West Africa) and current capital of the Republic of Senegal, it is home to a very large part of the population and most of the socio-economic, administrative and cultural activities on a very small area of the country (0.28%). This situation makes it a very attractive region and subject to strong land pressure. The objective of this article is to study past and current urban dynamics as well as changes in natural spaces, in order to identify new urban centers. The methodological approach consists in analyzing satellite images to understand the evolution of different forms of spatial occupation in the Dakar region, and to study population movement flows and urban forms in order to reveal new urban centers. The results of the study show that the Dakar urban space is characterized by diverse forms which express a heterogeneous set of spaces. They also revealed the emergence of new clusters between 1986 and 2016, notably Ngor, Grand Yoff, Parcelles Assainies in the North-West, and keur Massar and the North of the communes of Rufisque in the eastern part of the Dakar region.

关键词： Urban Dynamics Movement Flows Urban Forms Land Use Dakar

Acute Alithiasis Cholecystitis in Children: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach in the Pediatric Surgery Department of the CHU of Conakry

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第1期13卷 86-91页

作者： Balla keita Mamadou Alpha Toure mohamed lamine Sadou Sacko Thierno Saidou Barry mohamed lamine Diallo Mamadou Madiou Barry Daniel Agbo-Panzo Department of Pediatric Surgery National Hospital of Donka/CHU Conakry Guinea Faculty of Science and Technology University Gamal Abdel Nasser of Conakry Conakry Guinea

Acute alithiasic cholecystitis (AAC) is the inflammatory disease of the gallbladder in the absence of gallstones. It is a rare pathology in children. The aim was to describe the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics of this disease. Materials and Method: This was a 3-year retrospective study (January 2008 to December 2010) including 66 patient records collected for CAA. Results: The frequency of AAC was 3.57%, the mean age of the patients was 8 ± 3.52 years, and there were 36 boys and 30 girls. The main clinical features were right hypochondrial pain (66 cases), positive Murphy’s (66 cases), fever (53 cases) and jaundice or sub-jaundice (51 cases). The main ultrasound signs were thickened vesicular wall 50 cas (75.76%), vesicular distension 50cas (75.76%) and positive ultrasound Murphy 47 cas (71.21%). Medical treatment was exclusive in 64 patients (96.97%) and surgical treatment in 2 patients (3.03%). Conclusion: Acute alithiasic cholecystitis is a rare pathology in children, the clinical picture is not very specific and abdominal ultrasound is the key to early diagnosis. Conservative treatment is the first choice in the absence of any complications.

关键词： Acute Alithiasic Cholecystitis Children Medical Treatment

Study of the Impact of Grid Disconnections on the Production of a Photovoltaic Solar Power Plant: Case of Diamniadio Power Plant

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2023年第6期11卷 16-25页

作者： Amadou Ndiaye mohamed Cherif Aidara Amy Mbaye Mamadou lamine Ndiaye Laboratoire Eau-Energie-Environnement-Procédés Industriels (L3EPI) Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Dakar Senegal

Today, renewable energy projects connected to the interconnected network, with powers of the order of tens of megawatts, are more and more numerous in sub-Saharan Africa. And financing these investments requires a reliable amortization schedule. In the context of photovoltaic systems connected to the interconnected electricity grid, the quintessence of damping is the amount of energy injected into the grid. Thus it is fundamental to know the parameters of this network and their variation. This paper presents an evaluation of the impact of power grid disturbances on the performance of a solar PV plant under real conditions. The CICAD photovoltaic solar plant, connected to the Senelec distribution network, with an installed capacity of 2 MWp is the study setting. An energy audit of the plant is carried out. Then the percentage of each loss is determined: voltage drops, module degradation, inverter efficiency. The duration of each disconnection is measured and recorded daily. The corresponding quantity of lost energy is thus calculated from meteorological data (irradiation, temperature, wind speed, illumination) recorded by the measurement unit in one-minute steps. The observation period is three months. The total duration of disconnections related to the instability of the electrical network during the study period is 46.7 hours. The amount of energy lost is estimated at 22.6 MWh. This represents 2.4% of the actual calculated production.

关键词： Photovoltaic Power Plant Disconnections Network Evaluation Lost En-ergy