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Evaluation of urea breath test as a diagnostic tool for Helicobacter pylori infection in adult dyspeptic patients

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第17期30卷 2302-2307页

作者： Zeinab Nabil Ahmed Said Asmaa mohamed el-Nasser Department of Medical Microbiology&Immunology Faculty of Medicine for Girls Al-Azhar UniversityNasr City 11754CairoEgypt

In this editorial,we discuss the article in the World Journal of Gastroenterology.The article conducts a meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of the urea breath test(UBT),a non-invasive method for detecting Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection in humans.It is based on radionuclide-labeled urea.Various methods,both invasive and non-invasive,are available for diagnosing H.pylori infection,inclu-ding endoscopy with biopsy,serology for immunoglobulin titers,stool antigen analysis,and UBT.Several guidelines recommend UBTs as the primary choice for diagnosing H.pylori infection and for reexamining after eradication therapy.It is used to be the first choice non-invasive test due to their high accuracy,specificity,rapid results,and simplicity.Moreover,its performance remains unaffected by the distribution of H.pylori in the stomach,allowing a high flow of patients to be tested.Despite its widespread use,the performance characteristics of UBT have been inconsistently described and remain incompletely defined.There are two UBTs available with Food and Drug Administration approval:The 13C and 14C tests.Both tests are affordable and can provide real-time results.Physicians may prefer the 13C test because it is non-radioactive,compared to 14C which uses a radioactive isotope,especially in young children and pregnant women.Although there was heterogeneity among the studies regarding the diagnostic accuracy of both UBTs,13C-UBT consistently outperforms the 14C-UBT.This makes the 13C-UBT the preferred diagnostic approach.Furthermore,the provided findings of the meta-analysis emphasize the significance of precise considerations when choosing urea dosage,assessment timing,and measurement techniques for both the 13C-UBT and 14C-UBT,to enhance diagnostic precision.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Urea breath test Diagnosis Diagnostic test accuracy Meta-analysis

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Mafic and felsic magmatism in the Wadi Kalalat area, South Eastern Desert, Egypt: mineralogy, geochemistry and geodynamic evolution during the Neoproterozoic in the Nubian Shield

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第1期43卷 150-173页

作者： Adel A.Surour Ahmed A.Madani mohamed A.el-Sobky Faculty of Science Galala UniversityNew Galala CitySuez 43511Egypt Department of Geology Faculty of ScienceCairo UniversityGiza 12613Egypt Egyptian Mineral Resources Authority P.O.Box 11517AbbasiyaCairoEgypt

In the south Eastern Desert of Egypt,two contrasting types of magmatism(mafic and felsic) are recorded in the Wadi Kalalat area,and form the Gabal el Motaghiarat and Gabal Batuga intrusions,respectively.The two intrusions post-dates ophiolitic and arc associations represented by serpentinite and metagabbro-diorite,respectively.The mafic intrusion has a basal ultramafic member represented by fresh peridotite,which is followed upward by olivine gabbro and anorthositic or leucogabbro.This mafic intrusion pertains to the Alaskan-type mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the Arabian-Nubian Shield(ANS)being of tholeiitic nature and emplaced in a typical arc setting.On the other hand,the Gabal Batuga intrusion comprises three varieties of fresh A-type granites of high K-calc alkaline nature,which is peraluminous and garnetbearing in parts.A narrow thermal aureole in the olivine gabbro of the mafic intrusion was developed due to the intrusion of the Batuga granites.This results in the development of a hornfelsic melagabbro variety in which the composition changed from tholeiitic to a calc-alkaline composition due to the addition of S_(i)O_(2),Al_(2)O_(3),alkalis,lithosphile elements(LILEs) such as Rb(70 ppm) and Y(28 ppm) from the felsic intrusion.Outside the thermal aureole,Rb amounts 2-8 ppm and Y lies in the range elieved that the Gabal Batuga felsic intrusion started to emplace during the waning stage of an arc system,with transition from the pre-collisional(i.e.,arc setting) to post-collisional and within plate settings.Magma from which the Gabal Batuga granites were fractionated is high-K calc-alkaline giving rise to a typical post-collisional A-type granite(A_(2)-subtype) indicating an origin from an underplating crustal source.Accordingly,it is stressed here that the younger granites in the ANS are not exclusively post-collisional and within-plate but most likely they started to develop before closure of the arc system.The possible source(s) of mafic magmas that resulted in the formation of the two intru

关键词： Wadi Kalalat Gabal el Motaghairat mafic intrusion Gabal Batuga felsic intrusion Arc setting Post-collision Within-plate

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Comparative study between three carbonaceous nanoblades and nanodarts for antimicrobial applications

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 594-605页

作者： mohamed S.Selim Ahmed M.Azzam mohamed A.Shenashen Shimaa A.Higazy Bayaumy B.Mostafa Sherif A.el-Safty National Institute for Materials Science(NIMS) 1-2-1 SengenTsukuba-ShiIbaraki-Ken 305-0047Japan Petroleum Application Department Egyptian Petroleum Research InstituteNasr City 11727Egypt Department of Environmental Research Theodor Bilharz Research InstituteGizaEgypt

The design of nanostructured materials occupies a privileged position in the development and management of affordable and effective technology in the antibacterial sector.Here,we discuss the antimicrobial properties of three carbonaceous nanoblades and nanodarts materials of graphene oxide(GO),reduced graphene oxide(RGO),and single-wall carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)that have a mechano-bactericidal effect,and the ability to piercing or slicing bacterial membranes.To demonstrate the significance of size,morphology and composition on the antibacterial activity mechanism,the designed nanomaterials have been characterized.The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),standard agar well diffusion,and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to evaluate the antibacterial activity of GO,RGO,and SWCNTs.Based on the evidence obtained,the three carbonaceous materials exhibit activity against all microbial strains tested by completely encapsulating bacterial cells and causing morphological disruption by degrading the microbial cell membrane in the order of RGO>GO>SWCNTs.Because of the external cell wall structure and outer membrane proteins,the synthesized carbonaceous nanomaterials exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterial strains than Gram-negative and fungal microorganisms.RGO had the lowest MIC values(0.062,0.125,and 0.25 mg/mL against B.subtilis,S.aureus,and E.coli,respectively),as well as minimum fungal concentrations(0.5 mg/mL for both A.fumigatus and C.albicans).At 12 hr,the cell viability values against tested microbial strains were completely suppressed.Cell lysis and death occurred as a result of severe membrane damage caused by microorganisms perched on RGO nanoblades.Our work gives an insight into the design of effective graphene-based antimicrobial materials for water treatment and remediation.

关键词： Antimicrobial properties Nanoblades Mechano-bactericidal effect RGO nanosheets Gram-positive bacteria Cell viability

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Experimental and theoretical insight into carbamazepine degradation by chlorine-based advanced oxidation processes:Efficiency,energy consumption,mechanism and DBPs formation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 72-83页

作者： Chunwei Liu Zuo Tong How Yue Ju Li Feng Xuefeng Ren mohamed Gamal el-Din Key Laboratory ofCoal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyChina University of Mining and TechnologyJiangsu 221116China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 1H9AlbertaCanada School of Environment and Spatial Informatics China University of Mining and TechnologyJiangsu 221116China Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation ofHainan Province School of Ecology and EnvironmentHainan UniversityHainan 570228China

Chlorine has been widely used in different advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)for micropollutants removal.In this study,different chlorine-based AOPs,namely medium pressure(MP)UV/chlorine,low pressure(LP)UV/chlorine,and in-situ chlorination,were compared for carbamazepine(CBZ)removal efficiency,energy consumption,and disinfection by-products(DBPs)formation.All three processes could achieve nearly 100%CBZ removal,while the reaction time needed by in-situ chlorination was double the time required by UV/chlorine processes.The energy consumed per magnitude of CBZ removed(EE/O)of MP UV/chlorine was 13 times higher than that of LP UV/chlorine,and relative to that of in-situ chlorination process.Accordingly,MP and LP UV/chlorine processes generated one to two orders of magnitude more hydroxyl radicals(^(·)OH)and reactive chlorine species(RCS)than in-situ chlorination.Besides,RCS were the dominant reactive species,contributing to 78.3%,75.6%,and 71.6% of CBZ removal in MP,LP UV/chlorine,and in-situ chlorination,respectively.According to the Gibbs free energy barriers between CBZ and RCS/^(·)OH calculated based on density functional theory(DFT),RCS had more reaction routes with CBZ and showed lower energy barrier in the main CBZ degradation pathways like epoxidation and formation of iminostilbene.When applied to secondary wastewater effluent,UV/chlorine and in-situ chlorination produced overall DBPs ranging from 104.77 to 135.41μg/L.However,the production of chlorate during UV/chlorine processes was 15 times higher than that during in-situ chlorination.

关键词： UV/chlorine In-situ chlorination Energy efficiency Role of reactive species DFT calculation Disinfection by-products

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A review on the multi-scaled structures and mechanical/thermal properties of tool steels fabricated by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第5期31卷 1048-1071页

作者： Huajing Zong Nan Kang Zehao Qin mohamed el Mansori Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology MSMPHESAM UniversitéChâlons-en-Champagne F-51006France Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station Institute for Manufacturing SystemsCollege Station TX77843USA

The laser powder bed fusion(LPBF) process can integrally form geometrically complex and high-performance metallic parts that have attracted much interest,especially in the molds industry.The appearance of the LPBF makes it possible to design and produce complex conformal cooling channel systems in molds.Thus,LPBF-processed tool steels have attracted more and more attention.The complex thermal history in the LPBF process makes the microstructural characteristics and properties different from those of conventional manufactured tool steels.This paper provides an overview of LPBF-processed tool steels by describing the physical phenomena,the microstructural characteristics,and the mechanical/thermal properties,including tensile properties,wear resistance,and thermal properties.The microstructural characteristics are presented through a multiscale perspective,ranging from densification,meso-structure,microstructure,substructure in grains,to nanoprecipitates.Finally,a summary of tool steels and their challenges and outlooks are introduced.

关键词： additive manufacturing laser powder bed fusion tool steel multi-scaled structure mechanical properties thermal properties

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Wood By-Products as UV Protection:A Consequence Review

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第4期12卷 699-720页

作者： Naglaa Salem el‑Sayed mohamed Hasanin Samir Kamel Cellulose and Paper Department National Research CentreCairo12622Egypt

In recent decades,the ozone layer has suffered considerable damage,increasing the entry of ultraviolet(UV)light into the atmosphere and reaching the earth’s surface,negatively affecting life.Accordingly,researchers aimed to solve this problem by synthesizing advanced UV-shielding materials.On the other hand,developing an easy and green strategy to prepare functional materials with outstanding properties based on naturally abundant and environmentally friendly raw materials is highly desirable for sustainable development.Because biomass-derived materials are sustainable and biodegradable,they present a promising substitute for petroleum-based polymers.The three main structural constituents of the plant biomass-based materials that are naturally available are cellulose,hemicellulose,and lignin.This review details current developments using wood-based products such as cellulose,hemicellulose,and lignin in UV-shielding applications.It will start with assembling the structure and chemistry of cellulose,hemicellulose,and lignin,followed by their contributions to preparing UV-shielding materials.Finally,it will briefly discuss the different processing methods for the design of UV-shielding materials.The wood by-products offer additional opportunities to use the whole tree harvest.

关键词： UV-shielding wood cellulose lignin hemicellulose sunlight protection

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Bi-revealed utilities in a defaultable universe: A new point of view on consumption

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Probability, Uncertainty and Quantitative Risk 2024年第1期9卷 13-34页

作者： Nicole el Karoui Caroline Hillairet mohamed Mrad LPSM UMR CNRS 6632Sorbonne Université4 Place Jussieu75005 ParisFrance CREST UMR CNRS 9194Ensae Paris5 Avenue Henry Le Chatelier91120 PalaiseauFrance LAGA UMR CNRS 7539UniversitéSorbonne Paris-Nord99 Avenue Jean Baptiste Clement93430 VilletaneuseFrance

This paper investigates the inverse problem of bi-revealed utilities in a defaultable universe,defined as a standard universe(represented by a filtration F)perturbed by an exogenous defaultable time τ.We assume that the standard universe does not take into account the possibility of the default,thus τ adds an additional source of risk.The defaultable universe is represented by the filtration G up to time τ(τ included),where G stands for the progressive enlargement of F by T.The basic assumption in force is that τ avoids F-stopping times.The bi-revealed problem consists in recovering a consistent dynamic utility from the observable characteristic of an agent.The general results on bi-revealed utilities,first given in a general and abstract framework,are translated in the defaultable G-universe and then are interpreted in the F-universe.The decomposition of G-adapted processes X^(G) provides an interpretation of a Gcharacteristic X^(G)_(τ) stopped at τ as a reserve process.Thanks to the characterization of G-martingales stopped at τ in terms of F-martingales,we establish a correspondence between G-bi-revealed utilities from characteristic and F-bi-revealed pair of utilities from characteristic and reserves.In a financial framework,characteristic can be interpreted as wealth and reserves as consumption.This result sheds a new light on the consumption in utility criterion:the consumption process can be interpreted as a certain quantity of wealth,or reserves,that are accumulated for the financing of losses at the default time.

关键词： Bi-revealed utilities Defaultable euniverse Enlargement offiltration Preference criteria of wealth and consumption

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Dysprosium oxide,alumina,and graphene oxide reinforced polycaprolactone thin films:Thermal stability,morphology,and cell viability

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1337-1343页

作者： mohamed Tharwat elabbasy mohamed R.Atteya Mai A.Samak Mousa Abdelrahman Tahani AlMahmoud M.A.el-Morsy A.A.Menazea M.F.H.Abd el-Kader Department of Public Health College of Public Health and Health InformaticsUniversity of Ha'il Food Control Department Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig University Department of Physical Therapy College of Applied Medical SciencesUniversity of Ha'il Department of Histology and Cell Biology Faculty of MedicineZagazig University College of Nursing University of Ha'il College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj Physics DepartmentPlasma Technology and Material Science UnitPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Physics Department Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Damietta Spectroscopy Department Physics Research InstituteNational Research Centre Biophysics Department Faculty of ScienceCairo University

Developing a biomaterial for wound healing applications is still a challenge.Herein,dysprosium oxide（Dy2O3）,aluminum oxide（Al2O3）,and graphene oxide（GO） were embedded in cast films based on polycaprolactone（PCL） to be examined for wound dressing usage.Different techniques were used to characterize the fabricated films including X-ray diffraction（XRD）,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）,Raman,and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,besides their biological activity.The thermogravimetric analysis（TGA） exhibits high thermal stability as the scaffold weight decreases slightly to 98.6% after raising the temperature from room temperature to 280℃.The cell viability was investigated and it is shown that the viable cells grow up to approximately 93% at 75 μg/mL.Meanwhile,the cell attachment shows excellent behavior as the cells attach on most of the surface of the modified PCL which shows high biocompatibility.

关键词： Al2O3 Biocompatible Dy2O3 Polycaprolactone Rare earths Wound healing

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Antifibrotic effect of aloe vera in viral infection-induced hepatic periportal fibrosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第17期18卷 2026-2034页

作者： Sahar K Hegazy mohamed el-bedewy Akira Yagi Department of Clinical Pharmacy Faculty of PharmacyTanta UniversityTanta 8130Egypt Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 8130Egypt Placenta/Aloe Research Institute Japan Bio-Products Co.Ltd.1488-4Aikawa-machiKurume-shiFukuoka Bio Factory 204Fukuoka 839-0861Japan

AIM:To investigate the anti-oxidative and anti-fibrotic effects of aloe vera in patients with liver fibrosis.METHODS:Aloe vera high molecular weight fractions(AHM) were processed by patented hyper-dry system in combination of freeze-dry technique with microwave and far infrared-ray radiation.Fifteen healthy volunteers as the control group and 40 patients were included.The patients were randomly subdivided into two equal groups:the conventional group was treated with placebo(starch),and AHM group was treated with 0.15 gm/d AHM,both for 12 consecutive weeks.The patients were investigated before and after treatment.Serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),hyaluronic acid(HA),transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) and matrixmetalloproteinase-2(MMP-2) were determined.The reduced glutathione(GSH) and malondialdehyde(MDA) levels in liver were assayed and the expression of hepatic α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) was identified by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:At the start of the study,the hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed fibro-proliferated bile ductules,thick fibrous septa and dense inflammatory cellular infiltration in the patients before treatment.The use of AHM for 12 wk significantly ameliorated the fibrosis,inhibited the inflammation,and resulted in minimal infiltration and minimal fibrosis compared to the conventional group.The enzyme activities of the liver(ALT,AST and ALP) were attenuated after treatment in both groups,and the decrease in the AHM group was more significant as compared with the conventional group.Similar to the AST,the MDA levels were significantly higher before treatment,and were attenuated after treatment in both groups.In contrast,the hepatic glutathione content in the patients were decreased significantly in the AHM group compared to the controls.The serum levels of the fibrosis markers(HA,TGF-β and MMP-2) were also reduced significantly after treatment.The expression of α-SMA was modified in patients before and after treatment a

关键词：肝纤维化肝门静脉病毒感染芦荟基质金属蛋白酶-2 转化生长因子细胞治疗还原型谷胱甘肽

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Jellyfish-inspired alginate composite hydrogel filter prepared by macro-micro double bionic strategy for efficient water purification

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 141-157页

作者： Huiting Peng Yan Chen Jiaopan Lin Chelsea Benally mohamed Gamal el-Din Junkai Gao School of Naval Architecture and Marinetime Zhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan 316022China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 1H9Canada

Recently,research on hydrogel materials with a porous structure and superior water absorption capabilities significantly grown.However,the hydrogel under gravity-driven separation conditions often exhibit an unstable pore structure,poor mechanical properties,and limited functionality.To this end,this work presents a novel approach that combines a macro-micro double bionic strategy with a triple crosslinking method to develop a multifunctional alginate composite hydrogel filter(2%-SA-κCG-PVA-Ca^(2+),2%-SKP-Ca^(2+)for short)with a stable pore structure and superior mechanical properties,which possessed an umbrella-shaped structure resembling that of jellyfish.The 2%-SKPCa^(2+)filter was synthesized using polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)as a stable structure-directing agent,and sodium alginate(SA)andκ-carrageenan(κ-CG)as polymer hydrogels.The distinctive umbrellashaped hydrogel of 2%-SKP-Ca^(2+)filter,formed through the triple crosslinking method,overcomes the limitations of unstable pore structure and poor durability seen in hydrogels prepared by traditional crosslinking methods.Furthermore,the utilization of the 2%-SKP-Ca^(2+)filter in water treatment demonstrates its good selective permeability,excellent resistance to fouling,and extended longevity,which enables it to simultaneously achieve the multifunctional water purification and the coating of multi-substrate anti-fouling coatings.Therefore,not only does this research provide an efficient,multifunctional,highly pollution-resistant preparation method for designing a new filter,but it also confirms the application prospect of the macro-micro dual bionic strategy developed in this study in complex water treatment.

关键词： Triple crosslinking method Alginate Umbrella-shaped Jellyfish Water purification

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