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Petrophysica. a.a.ysis a.d Flow Units Cha.a.teriza.ion for a.u Ma.i Pa. Zones in the Nile Delta.Reservoirs

Open Journa. of Geology 2018年第12期8卷 1146-1165页

作者： a.dula.iz M. a.dula.iz mohamed a. abouzaid a. S. Da.a. Fa.ulty of Engineering Cairo University Giza Egypt

Field development typica.ly requires deta.led petrophysica. a.a.ysis a.d well defined hydra.lic flow units for comprehensive forma.ion eva.ua.ion a.d reservoir cha.a.teriza.ion. In the present study, pa. zones petrophysics a.e studied using a. a.sembly of well log da.a.from 8 wells together with core plugs mea.urements. Petrophysica. a.a.ysis showed a.good reservoir qua.ity with a.era.e wa.er sa.ura.ion increa.ing towa.d the Ea.t a.d Southea.t of the study a.ea. Using a.multi-linea. regression technique on well logs a.d core da.a. permea.ility is estima.ed a. well loca.ions for flow unit cha.a.teriza.ion a.d flow ca.a.ity ca.cula.ion. Results showed tha. five hydra.lic flow units a.e identified through the studied wells, with rela.ively good correla.ion. Such correla.ion indica.ed a.good continuity in the net pa. zone of a.u Ma.i Forma.ion in the Nile Delta.reservoirs. The developed hydra.lic flow units (HFUs) a.e cla.sified a.cording to its hydra.lic conductivity into two ma.n ca.egories: the first ca.egory comprises the units with low permea.ility (K 1270 mD). The reservoir flow ca.a.ity (RFC) of these units indica.ed the development of 4 distinct cla.ses (~11, ~30, ~80, a.d grea.er tha. 130 ***). The wells within the Northwestern pa.t of the study a.ea.showed three HFUs tha. rela.ively va.y from those loca.ed a. the Southea.t where two HFUs a.e only developed. In a.dition, the Southea.tern pa.t of the reservoir is cha.a.terized by good RFC a. indica.ed by the development of high order HFUs (3, 4, a.d 5) compa.ed to the Northea.tern pa.t with predomina.ed low order HFUs (1, 2, a.d 3). Such results a.e crucia. for the efficient field development a.d profound reservoir ma.a.ement of oil a.d ga. fields in the Nile Delta.

关键词： a.u Ma.i Forma.ion Eva.ua.ion Hydra.lic Flow Units Reservoir Cha.a.teriza.ion Flow Ca.a.ity

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a.secure ima.e stega.ogra.hy a.gorithm ba.ed on lea.t significa.t bit a.d integer wa.elet tra.sform

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Journa. of Systems Engineering a.d Electronics 2018年第3期29卷 639-649页

作者： ELSHa.LY Ema. a.DELWa.a. Sa.ey abouzaid Refa.t Za.Ra. Osa.a.ELa.a.Y Sa.ed ELKORDY mohamed Engineering Depa.tment Nuclear Research CenterAtomic Energy AuthorityCairo 11787Egypt Electronics a.d Electrica. Communica.ions Engineering Depa.tment Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenouf 32952Egypt

The ra.id development of da.a.communica.ion in modern era.dema.ds secure excha.ge of informa.ion. Stega.ogra.hy is a. esta.lished method for hiding secret da.a.from a. una.thorized a.cess into a.cover object in such a.wa. tha. it is invisible to huma. eyes. The cover object ca. be ima.e, text, a.dio,or video. This pa.er proposes a.secure stega.ogra.hy a.gorithm tha. hides a.bitstrea. of the secret text into the lea.t significa.t bits（LSBs） of the a.proxima.ion coefficients of the integer wa.elet tra.sform（IWT） of gra.sca.e ima.es a. well a. ea.h component of color ima.es to form stego-ima.es. The embedding a.d extra.ting pha.es of the proposed stega.ogra.hy a.gorithms a.e performed using the Ma.La. softwa.e. Invisibility, pa.loa. ca.a.ity, a.d security in terms of pea. signa. to noise ra.io（PSNR） a.d robustness a.e the key cha.lenges to stega.ogra.hy. The sta.istica. distortion between the cover ima.es a.d the stego-ima.es is mea.ured by using the mea. squa.e error（MSE） a.d the PSNR, while the degree of closeness between them is eva.ua.ed using the norma.ized cross correla.ion（NCC）. The experimenta. results show tha., the proposed a.gorithms ca. hide the secret text with a.la.ge pa.loa. ca.a.ity with a.high level of security a.d a.higher invisibility. Furthermore, the proposed technique is computa.iona.ly efficient a.d better results for both PSNR a.d NCC a.e a.hieved compa.ed with the previous a.gorithms.

关键词： ima.e stega.ogra.hy ima.e processing integer wa.elet tra.sform

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