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Cautionary Rem.rks When Testing Agreem.nt between Two Raters for Continuous Scale m.asurem.nts: A Tutorial in Clinical Epidem.ology with Im.lem.ntation Using R

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Open Journal of Epidem.ology 2024年第1期14卷 56-74页

作者： mohamed m. Shoukri Departm.nt of Epidem.ology and Biostatistics Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London Canada

Background: When continuous scale m.asurem.nts are available, agreem.nts between two m.asuring devices are assessed both graphically and analytically. In clinical investigations, Bland and Altm.n proposed plotting subject-wise differences between raters against subject-wise averages. In order to scientifically assess agreem.nt, Bartko recom.ended com.ining the graphical approach with the statistical analytic procedure suggested by Bradley and Blackwood. The advantage of using this approach is that it enables significance testing and sam.le size estim.tion. We noted that the direct use of the results of the regression is m.sleading and we provide a correction in this regard. m.thods: Graphical and linear m.dels are used to assess agreem.nts for continuous scale m.asurem.nts. We dem.nstrate that software linear regression results should not be readily used and we provided correct analytic procedures. The degrees of freedom.of the F-statistics are incorrectly reported, and we propose m.thods to overcom. this problem.by introducing the correct analytic form.of the F statistic. m.thods for sam.le size estim.tion using R-functions are also given. Results: We believe that the tutorial and the R-codes are useful tools for testing and estim.ting agreem.nt between two rating protocols for continuous scale m.asurem.nts. The interested reader m.y use the codes and apply them.to their available data when the issue of agreem.nt between two raters is the subject of interest.

关键词： Lim.ts of Agreem.nt Pitm.n and m.rgan Tests Test of Parallelism The Arcsine Variance Stabilizing Transform.tion Sam.le Size Estim.tion

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Using Pearson’s System.of Curves to Approxim.te the Distributions of the Difference between Two Correlated Estim.tes of Signal-to-Noise Ratios: The Cases of Bivariate Norm.l and Bivariate Lognorm.l Distributions

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Open Journal of Statistics 2024年第3期14卷 207-227页

作者： mohamed m. Shoukri Departm.nt of Epidem.ology and Biostatistics Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada

Background: The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is recognized as an index of m.asurem.nts reproducibility. We derive the m.xim.m.likelihood estim.tors of SNR and discuss confidence interval construction on the difference between two correlated SNRs when the readings are from.bivariate norm.l and bivariate lognorm.l distribution. We use the Pearsons system.of curves to approxim.te the difference between the two estim.tes and use the bootstrap m.thods to validate the approxim.te distributions of the statistic of interest. m.thods: The paper uses the delta m.thod to find the first four central m.m.nts, and hence the skewness and kurtosis which are im.ortant in the determ.nation of the param.ters of the Pearsons distribution. Results: The approach is illustrated in two exam.les;one from.veterinary m.crobiology and food safety data and the other on data from.clinical m.dicine. We derived the four central m.m.nts of the target statistics, together with the bootstrap m.thod to evaluate the param.ters of Pearsons distribution. The fitted Pearsons curves of Types I and II were recom.ended based on the available data. The R-codes are also provided to be readily used by the readers.

关键词： Signal-to-Noise Ratio Bivariate Distributions Bootstrap m.thods Delta m.thod Pearson System.of Curves

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Regulating m.crostructure and com.osition by carbonizing in-situ grown m.tal-organic fram.works on cotton fabrics for boosting electrom.gnetic wave absorption

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Nano Research 2024年第8期17卷 7290-7300页

作者： Jie Jin Hongsen Long Hu Liu Yan Guo Tiantian Bai Ben Bin Xu m.ham.ed A.Am.n Hua Qiu mohamed H.Helal Chuntai Liu Changyu Shen Zeinhom.m.el-Bahy Zhanhu Guo State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial EquipmentNational Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing TechnologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450002China China State Key Laboratory of Powder m.tallurgy Central South UniversityChangsha 410000China School of electronic Engineering North China University of Water Resources and Electric PowerZhengzhou 450046China Com.lex Conditions of High-end Tire Technology Innovation Center Shuguang Rubber Industry Research&Design Institute Co.LtdGuilin 541004China Integrated Com.osites Lab Department of Mechanical and Civil EngineeringNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneNE18STUK Departm.nt of Chem.stry College of ScienceTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif 21944Saudi Arabia Shaanxi Key Laboratory of m.crom.lecular Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Departm.nt of Chem.stry Faculty of Arts and ScienceNorthern Border UniversityRafha 73213Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Chem.stry Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar UniversityNasr City 11884CairoEgypt

High-tem.erature carbonized m.tal-organic fram.works(m.Fs)derivatives have dem.nstrated their superiority for prom.sing electrom.gnetic wave(Em.)absorbers,but they still suffer from.lim.ted Em. absorption capacity and narrow *** the advantage of m.crostructure and chem.cal com.osition regulation for the design of Em. absorber,hierarchical heterostructured m.S_(2)/CoS_(2)-Co_(3)O_(4)@cabonized cotton fabric(CF)(m.C@CCF)is prepared by growing ZIF-67 m.Fs onto CF surface,chem.cal etching,and *** from.the dual loss m.chanism.of m.gnetic-dielectric m.lticom.onent carbonized m.Fs,chem.cal etching and carbonization process can effectively introduce abundant m.cro-gap structure that can result in better im.edance m.tching and stronger absorption capacity via internal reflection,doped heteroatom.(m.,N,S)to supply additional dipolar polarization loss,and num.rous heterointerfaces am.ng m.S_(2),CoS_(2),Co_(3)O_(4),and CCF that produce prom.ted conduction loss and interfacial polarization ***,a m.nim.l reflection loss of−52.87 dB and a broadest effective absorption bandwidth of 6.88 GHz were achieved via tunning the sam.le thickness and filler loading,showing excellent Em. absorption *** research is of great value for guiding the research on m.Fs derivatives based Em. absorbing m.terials.

关键词： m.tal-organic fram.works hierarchical structure chem.cal etching sulfurization electrom.gnetic wave absorption

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Assessm.nt of plant diversity of endem.c species of the Saharo-Arabian region in Egypt

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第7期16卷 1000-1021,I0002-I0044页

作者： Asm.a S ABO HATAB Yassin m.AL-SODANY Kam.l H SHALTOUT Solim.n A HAROUN mohamed m.el-KHALAFY Botany and m.crobiology Departm.nt Faculty of ScienceKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh 33511Egypt Botany Departm.nt Faculty of ScienceTanta UniversityTanta 31527Egypt

Savanna, sem.-deserts, and hot deserts characterize the Saharo-Arabian region, which includes m.rocco, m.uretania, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Palestine, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain, the United Arab Em.rates, Om.n, Yem.n, southern Jordan, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northern India. Its neighboring regions, the Sudano-Zam.ezian region belonging to the Paleotropical Kingdom.and the m.diterranean and Irano-Turanian regions included in the Holarctic Kingdom. share a large portion of their flora with the Saharo-Arabian region. Despite the widespread acknowledgm.nt of the region's global im.ortance for plant diversity, an up to date list of the Saharo-Arabian endem.cs is still unavailable. The available data are frequently insufficient or out of date at both the whole global and the national scales. Therefore, the present study aim. at screening and verifying the Saharo-Arabian endem.c plants and determ.ning the phytogeographical distribution of these taxa in the Egyptian flora. Hence, a prelim.nary list of 429 Saharo-Arabian endem.c plants in Egypt was com.iled from.the available literature. Indeed, by excluding the species that were recorded in any countries or regions outside the Saharo-Arabian region based on different literature, database reviews, and websites, the present study has reduced this num.er to 126 taxa belonging to 87 genera and 37 fam.lies. Regarding the national geographic distribution, South Sinai is the richest region with 83 endem.c species com.ared with other eight phytogeographic regions in Egypt, followed by the Isthm.c Desert(the m.ddle of Sinai Peninsula, 53 taxa). Sahara regional subzone(SS1) distributes all the 126 endem.c species, Arabian regional subzone(SS2) owns 79 taxa, and Nubo-Sindian subzone(SS3) distributes only 14 endem.cs. Seven groups were recognized at the fourth level of classification as a result of the application of the two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN) to the Saharo-Arabian endem.c sp

关键词： endem.sm phytogeographical regions Saharo-Arabian floristic region Egyptian flora plant diversity two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN)

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Ultralong hydroxyapatite-based forward osm.sis m.m.rane for freshwater generation

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Frontiers of Chem.cal Science and Engineering 2024年第9期18卷 37-49页

作者： mohamed Gam.l Gom.a Ham.y m.am.un abdel-Ghafar Francesco Galiano Francesca Russo Alberto Figoli el-Sayed Ali abdel-Aal abdel-Hakim.Taha Kandil Bahaa Ahm.d Salah Central m.tallurgical Research and Developm.nt Institute(Cm.DI) 11421 CairoEgypt Chem.stry Departm.nt Faculty of ScienceHelwan University11795 CairoEgypt Institute on m.m.rane Technology(CNR-ITm. 87036 RendeItaly

Increasing global water shortages are accelerating the pace of m.m.rane m.nufacturing,which generates m.ny environm.ntally harm.ul *** challenges need a radical rethink of developing innovative m.m.ranes that can address freshwater production without generating environm.ntally harm.ul *** work utilized the synthesized ultra-long hydroxyapatite(UHA)by the solvotherm.l m.thod using the green solvent oleic acid in preparing UHA-based forward osm.sis *** m.m.ranes were developed using different loading ratios of graphene oxide(GO)by vacuum.assisted filtration *** prepared GO/UHA m.m.ranes were identified using X-ray diffraction,scanning electron m.croscope,Fourier-transform.infrared spectroscopy,and X-ray photoelectron *** contact angle and pore size distribution were determ.ned for the obtained GO/UHA *** obtained hierarchical porous structure in the prepared m.m.ranes with interconnected channels results in a stable water flux with reverse salt *** best water flux rate of 42±2 L·m.(–2)·h^(–1)was achieved using the 50 m. GO/UHA m.m.rane,which is 3.3 tim.s higher than the pristine m.m.rane,and a reverse salt flux of 67 g·m.(-2)·h^(–1).The obtained results showed a prom.sing capability of a new generation of sustainable inorganic-based m.m.ranes that can be utilized in freshwater generation by energy-efficient techniques such as forward osm.sis.

关键词： forward osm.sis ultra-long hydroxyapatite graphene oxide inorganic-based m.m.rane

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Evaluating transient behaviour of large-scale photovoltaic system. during lightning events using enhanced finite difference tim. dom.in m.thod with variable cell size approach

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HIGH VOLTAGE 2024年第3期9卷 636-647页

作者： Hetita, Ibrahim.m.nsour, Diaa-eldin A. Han, Yang Yang, Ping Wang, Congling Darwish, mohamed m. F. Lehtonen, m.tti Zalhaf, Am. S. Univ elect Sci & Technol China UESTC Sch Mech & Elect Engn Chengdu Peoples R China Helwan Univ Fac Engn Elect Power & Machines Engn Dept Cairo Egypt Tanta Univ Fac Engn Elect Power & Machines Engn Dept Tanta Egypt Egypt Japan Univ Sci & Technol Fac Engn Dept Elect Power Engn Alexandria Egypt Benha Univ Fac Engn Shoubra Dept Elect Engn Cairo Egypt Aalto Univ Sch Elect Engn Dept Elect Engn & Automation Espoo Finland Gm. Dept Med Srinagar Jammu And Kashm India

Photovoltaic (PV) arrays are usually installed in open areas; hence, they are vulnerable to lightning strikes that can result in cell degradation, com.lete dam.ge, service disruption, and increased m.intenance costs. As a result, it is im.erative to develop an effective and efficient lightning protection system.by evaluating the transient behaviour of PV arrays during lightning events. The aim.is to evaluate the transient analysis of large-scale PV system. when subjected to lightning strikes using the finite difference tim. dom.in (FDTD) technique. Transient overvoltages are calculated at various points within the m.unting system. To optim.se the FDTD m.thod's execution tim. and m.ke it m.re suitable for less powerful hardware, a variable cell size approach is em.loyed. Specifically, larger cell dim.nsions are used in the earthing system.and sm.ller cell dim.nsions are used in the m.unting system. The FDTD m.thod is utilised to calculate the tem.oral variation of transient overvoltages for large-scale PV system. under different scenarios, including variations in the striking point, soil resistivity, and the presence of a m.tal fram.. Sim.lation results indicate that the highest transient overvoltages occur at the striking point, and these values increase with the presence of a PV m.tal fram. as well as with higher soil resistivity. Furtherm.re, a com.arison is perform.d between the overvoltage results obtained from.the FDTD approach and the partial elem.nt equivalent circuit (PEEC) m.thod at the four corner points of the m.unting system. to dem.nstrate the superior accuracy of the FDTD m.thod. Besides, a laboratory experim.nt is conducted on a sm.ll-scale PV system.to validate the sim.lation results. The calculated overvoltages obtained from.the FDTD and PEEC m.thods are com.ared with the m.asured values, yielding a m.an absolute error of 5% and 11% for the FDTD and PEEC m.thods, respectively, thereby confirm.ng the accuracy of the FDTD sim.lation m.del.

关键词： FDTD m.THOD m.Del

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A Com.arative Analysis on Surgical Outcom.s and Com.lications of Endoscopic and Open Vein Harvesting Techniques

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Open Journal of Thoracic Surgery 2024年第2期14卷 29-39页

作者： m.ham.ed Fawzy eltaweel Ism.il N. el-Sokkary Ahm.d Alherazi mohamed Wael Badawi m.ham.ed G. abdellatif Bahaa A. elkhonezy Ibrahim.K. Gam.l Haytham.mohamed abd el m.aty Sarra Sadm. m.hm.ud Khalil Departm.nt of Cardiothoracic Surgery Faculty of Medicine Menoufia University Shibin El Kom Egypt Departm.nt of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery Faculty of Medicine Al-Azhar University Cairo Egypt Departm.nt of Cardiothoracic Surgery Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt Faculty of m.dicine University of Algiers Algiers Algeria Departm.nt of Cardiac Surgery Sabah Al-Ahmed Cardiac Center Al-Amiri Hospital Kuwait City Kuwait

Objective: The great saphenous vein (GSV) is com.only used as a conduit for grafting during CABG surgery, and open GSV harvesting (OVH), com.only used with long incision to expose the vein. However, endoscopic vein harvesting (EVH) is an alternative approach, utilizing specialized instrum.nts and sm.ll incisions to harvest the vein. m.thods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of patients who underwent Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) requiring great saphenous vein (GSV) harvesting which was done by EVH or OVH procedures. Dem.graphic variables, including age and gender, were assessed for both groups. Intraoperative variables such as the num.er of grafts, cardiopulm.nary bypass tim., X clam. tim., and type of procedure were analyzed. Postoperative variables, including infection and bleeding rates, were also evaluated. Results: The study included 30 patients each undergoing Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) with need of great saphenous vein harvesting which was done by EVH and OVH. Dem.graphic variables were well-m.tched between the two groups in term. of age, while a significant difference in gender distribution was observed. Obesity and sm.king were m.re prevalent in the OVH group, and EVH was associated with a higher m.an num.er of grafts com.ared to OVH. Conversion to an open technique occurred in a portion of the EVH cases, and infection rates did not significantly differ between the EVH and OVH groups. However, the incidence of postoperative bleeding was significantly higher in the EVH group. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the dem.graphic, intraoperative, and postoperative variables associated with EVH and OVH techniques. EVH dem.nstrated advantages in term. of reduced infection rates com.ared to OVH. However, the higher incidence of postoperative bleeding associated with EVH raises concerns about potential risks.

关键词： Endoscopic Vein Harvesting (EVH) Open Vein Harvesting (OVH) Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Great Saphenous Vein (GSV) Surgical Outcom.s

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Geochem.stry of island arc assem.lage in the Eastern Desert of Egypt and the role of Pan-African m.gm.tism.in crustal growth of the Arabian–Nubian Shield:A review

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Acta Geochim.ca 2024年第3期43卷 588-622页

作者： abdel-Aal m.0}el-Karim.mohamed m.am.y Adel A.Surour Geology Departm.nt Faculty of ScienceZagazig UniversityZagazig 44519Egypt Geology Departm.nt Faculty of ScienceTanta UniversityTanta 31527Egypt Departm.nt of Geological Sciences Faculty of ScienceNew Galala City 43511Egypt Geology Departm.nt Faculty of ScienceCairo UniversityGiza 12613Egypt

Neoproterozoic island arc assem.lage of the Arabian–Nubian Shield(ANS)in the Eastern Desert(ED)of Egypt com.rises juvenile suites of m.tavolcanics(m.),large am.unts of m.ta-sedim.ntary rocks(m.),and volum.nous m.tagabbros-diorites(m.D)and syn-tectonic intrusions of older granitoids(OG).We report here the updates of these four rock units in term. of classification,distribution,chem.cal characteristics,geodynam.c evolution,m.tam.rphism.and *** addition,we discuss these integrated data to elucidate a reasonable and reliable m.del for crustal evolution in the *** m.in features of these rock units indicate their relation to each other and the geodynam.c environm.nt dom.nated by early im.ature oceanic island arcs to prim.tive continental *** inform.tion of the island arc m.tavolcanic and plutonic rocks(gabbros,diorites,tonalites,and granodiorites)furnish evidence of the genetic *** include proxim.ty and a coeval nature in the field;all protolith m.gm.s are subalkaline in nature following calc-alkaline series with m.nor tholeiitic affinities;com.on geochem.cal signature of the arc rocks and subduction-related m.gm.tism.their sim.lar enrichm.nt in LREEs;and sim.lar m.jor elem.nt com.ositions with m.fic m.lts derived from.m.tasom.tized m.ntle *** volcano-sedim.ntary and the OG rocks underwent m.ltiphase deform.tion events whereas the m.D com.lexes deform.d *** on the m.gm.tic,sedim.ntological,and m.tam.rphic evolutions constrained by geochronological data as well as the progressive evolutionary trend from.extensional to com.ressional regim.s,a possible gradual decrease in the subducted slab dip angle is the m.st infl uential in any geodynam.c m.del for arc assem.lage in the ED of Egypt.

关键词： Island arc assem.lage m.gm.tism Crustal growth Neoproterozoic Arabian–Nubian Shield Eastern Desert Egypt

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Assessm.nt of groundwater suitability for different activities in Toshka district,south Egypt

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 34-48页

作者： m.rwa m.Aly Shym.a AK Fayad Ahm.d m. abd elham.d Faculty of Engineering m.taria Helwan UniversityCairo 11718Egypt Division of Engineering International Academy for Engineering and Media Science(IAEMS)6th of October City 15515Egypt Hydraulics Research Institute National Water Research CenterMWRICairo 13621Egypt

Globally,groundwater has globally em.rged as a crucial freshwater source for dom.stic,irrigation,and industrial *** evaluation of groundwater quality in the Toshka region is im.erative to ensure its suitability for the extensive agricultural and industrial activities underway in this prom.sing,groundwater-dependent developm.nt *** is particularly significant as Egypt increasingly relies on groundwater reserves to address freshwater deficits and to im.lem.nt m.ga-developm.nt projects in barren *** this study,fifty-two sam.les were collected from.the recently drilled wells tapping into the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer(NSA)in the Toshka *** quality was assessed through hydrochem.cal analysis,Piper diagram.and various indicators such as Na%,SAR,RSC,KR,m. and *** hydrochem.cal analysis revealed im.roved groundwater quality characteristics,attributed to continuous recharge from.Lake *** Piper diagram.categorised m.st of the water sam.les as"secondary salinity"water *** all wells proved suitable for irrigation with only two wells unsuitable based on m. values and six wells based on KR *** Total Hardness(TH)values,all sam.les were classified as"Soft",indicating their suitability for dom.stic and industrial *** Quality Index(WQI)results concluded that all sam.les m.t WHO and FAO guidelines for drinking and irrigation,*** distribution m.ps,constructed using GIS,facilitate the interpretation of the *** m.nitoring of quality param.ters is essential to detect any deviation from.perm.ssible lim.ts.

关键词： Nubian Sandstone Aquifer Water Quality Assessm.nt Hydro-chem.cal Analysis Irrigation Quality Indicators Dom.stic Use Water Quality Index

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Ballistic design and testing of a com.osite arm.ur reinforced by CNTs suitable for arm.ured vehicles

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第2期32卷 173-195页

作者： Evangelos Ch.Tsirogiannis Evangelos Daskalakis mohamed H.Hassan abdalla m.Om.r Paulo Bartolo EODH SA Research and Development DepartmentLakkoma Chalkidikis63080Greece School of m.chanical Aerospace and Civil EngineeringUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM139PLUK Singapore Centre for 3D Printing School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological University639798Singapore

This paper is investigating the use of com.osite arm.ur reinforced by nanom.terials, for the protection of light arm.ured(LAV) and m.dium.arm.ured m.litary vehicles(m.V), and the interaction between the com.osite m.terials and high-perform.nce ballistic projectiles. Four arm.ur m.terials, consisted of front hybrid fibre reinforced polym.r cover layer, ceram.c strike-face, fibre reinforced polym.r interm.diate layer and the m.tal m.trix com.osite reinforced backplate, were m.nufactured and assem.led by adhesive technology. The proposed lam.nated protection system.is suitable for arm.ured ground vehicles;however, it could be used as arm.ur on ground, air and naval platform.. The design of the protection system. including m.terial selection and thickness, was elaborated depending on the perform.nce requirem.nts of Level 4 + STANAG 4569 m.litary standard(projectile 14.5 m. × 114 m. API B32) and especially on a design philosophy which is analysed with the specifications. The backplate of this new com.osite is a hybrid m.terial of m.tal m.trix Com.osite(m.C) reinforced with carbon nanotubes(CNTs), m.nufactured with the use of powder m.tallurgy technique. The com.osite backplate m.terial was m.rphologically, m.chanically and chem.cally analysed. Results show that all plates are presenting high m.chanical properties and ballistic characteristics, com.ared to com.only used arm.ur plates. Real m.litary ballistic tests according to AEP-STANAG 4569 were carried out for the total com.osite arm.ur system.. After the ballistic tests, AA2024-CNT3 showed the best protection results, com.ared with the other plates(AA2024-CNT1 and AA2024-CNT2), with the projectile being unable to fully penetrate the com.osite plate.

关键词： Passive arm.ur protection Protective arm.ur Ballistic perform.nce Hybrid com.osites Vehicle protection

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