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Faecal sterols as sewage markers in the Langat River,Malaysia:Integration of biomarker and multivariate statistical approaches

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第9期24卷 1600-1608页

作者： Nur Hazirah Adnan mohamad pauzi zakaria Hafizan Juahir Masni Mohd Ali Centre of Excellence for Environmental Forensics Faculty of Environmental StudiesUniversiti Putra Malaysia 43400 SerdangSelangorMalaysia Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Environmental StudiesUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 SerdangSelangorMalaysia School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 BangiSelangorMalaysia

The Langat River in Malaysia has been experiencing anthropogenic input from urban, rural and industrial activities for many years. Sewage contamination, possibly originating from the greater than three million inhabitants of the Langat River Basin, were examined. Sediment samples from 22 stations （SL01-SL22） along the Langat River were collected, extracted and analysed by GC-MS. Six different sterols were identified and quantified. The highest sterol concentration was found at station SL02 （618.29 ng/g dry weight）, which situated in the Balak River whereas the other sediment samples ranged between 11.60 and 446.52 ng/g dry weight. Sterol ratios were used to identify sources, occurrence and partitioning of faecal matter in sediments and majority of the ratios clearly demonstrated that sewage contamination was occurring at most stations in the Langat River. A multivariate statistical analysis was used in conjunction with a combination of biomarkers to better understand the data that clearly separated the compounds. Most sediments of the Langat River were found to contain low to mid-range sewage contamination with some containing ＇significant＇ levels of contamination. This is the first report on sewage pollution in the Langat River based on a combination of biomarker and multivariate statistical approaches that will establish a new standard for sewage detection using faecal sterols.

关键词： sterols biomarkers surface sediments sewage pollution Langat River principal component analysis

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Risk assessment for the daily intake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the ingestion of cockle (Anadara granosa) and exposure to contaminated water and sediments along the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第2期23卷 336-345页

作者： Seiedeh Aghileh Mirsadeghi mohamad pauzi zakaria Chee Kong Yap Azadeh Shahbazi Centre of Excellence for Environmental Forensics Faculty of Environmental StudiesUniversity Putra Malaysia43400 UPMSerdangSelangorMalaysia Faculty of Science Department of BiologyUniversity Putra Malaysia43400 UPMSerdangSelangorMalaysia

The concentration of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （c-PAHs） present in the sediment and water of Peninsular Malaysia as well as in the cockle Anadara granosa was investigated. Samples were extracted and analysed with gas chromatographymass spectrometry. The concentrations of total carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （t-PAHs） were measured between 0.80±0.04 to 162.96 ±14.74 ng/g wet weight （ww） in sediment, between 21.85± 2.18 to 76.2± 10.82 ng/L in water samples and between 3.34 ±0.77 to 46.85 ± 5.50 ng/g ww in the cockle tissue. The risk assessment of probable human carcinogens in the Group B2 PAHs was calculated and assessed in accordance with the standards of the United States Environmental Protection Agency （US EPA）. Case I in the toxicity assessment analysed the cancer risk to consumers of Malaysian blood cockle. Case II assessed the risk of cancer from exposure to PAHs from multiple pathways. The average cancer risk of case I and case II were found to be classifiable as unsafe according to the US EPA standard. The cancer risk due to c-PAHs acquired by the ingestion of blood cockle was （8.82 ± 0.54） × 10^ 6 to （2.67 ± 0.06） × 10^-2, higher than the US EPA risk management criterion. The non-cancer risks associated with multiple pathways in Kuala Gula, Kuala Juru and Kuala Perlis were higher than the US EPA safe level, but the non-cancer risk for eating blood cockle was below the level of US EPA concern.

关键词： toxicity assessment carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons group B2 of US EPA Anadara granosa

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Ploidy-, gender-, and dose-dependent alteration of selected biomarkers in Clarias gariepinus treated with benzo[a]pyrene

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第12期27卷 95-102页

作者： Ali Karami Swee J.Teh mohamad pauzi zakaria Simon C.Courtenay Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversiti Putra Malaysia School of Veterinary Medicine Department of AnatomyPhysiologyand Cell BiologyUniversity of California Centre of Excellence for Environmental Forensics Faculty of Environmental StudiesUniversiti Putra Malaysia Department of Environment and Resource Studies Canadian Water NetworkCanadian Rivers InstituteUniversity of Waterloo

Naturally-occurring and artificially-induced polyploids have been documented in various fish species but to date no comparison has been reported of the impacts of ploidy on fish biomarker responses to organic pollutants.This study describes effects of ploidy,gender,and dose on biliary fluorescent aromatic compound（FAC） concentrations,hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase（EROD） and glutathione S-transferase（GST） activities in one of the most commonly cultured warm-water species,the African catfish Clarias gariepinus.Recently matured male and female diploid and triploid fish were intraperitoneally（i.p.）injected with 0,5 or 25 mg/kg benzo[a]pyrene（BaP） and liver and gallbladder were sampled48 hr later.No significant differences were found between ploidies in bile concentrations of7,8 dihydrodiolbenzo[a]pyrene（7,8D BaP）,1-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene（1-OH BaP） or3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene（3-OH BaP）.However,concentrations of the biliary FACs did differ between males and females at different dose of injection with generally higher concentrations in females at the low dose of BaP and higher concentrations in males at the higher BaP concentration.Hepatic EROD activity did not exhibit gender-dependent difference,whereas it was significantly higher in triploids than diploids.GST activities were not significantly influenced by any of the tested factors.This work advanced our understanding of the role of ploidy,gender,and dose in biotransformation of pollutants in fish.

关键词： Triploid Diploid Male Female Fish biomarkers

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Sirolimus vs tacrolimus: Which one is the best therapeutic option for patients undergoing liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2022年第8期14卷 862-866页

作者： Faiza Ahmed Faiza zakaria Godsgift Enebong Nya mohamad Mouchli Division of Clinical and Translational Research Larkin Community Hospital-Larkin Healthcare SystemsSouth MiamiFL 33143United States Department of Internal Medicine Dow Medical CollegeKarachi 75400Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology John Hopkins HospitalBaltimoreMD 21218United States Department of Gastroenterology Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States

Liver transplantation(LT) withstands as the most preferred therapeutic option for patients afflicted with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and cirrhosis. To improve prognosis post-transplant, as well as to prevent the occurrence of rejection, a lifelong immunosuppression strategy is implemented. The following letter to the editor highlights and provides novel evidence from recently published literature on topics discussed within the review article titled “Trends of rapamycin in survival benefits of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma” in World J Gastrointest Surg 2021;13: 953-966. In the recent manuscript, the authors compared immunosuppressive drugs such as the newer option first-generation mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, also known as sirolimus, with the most widely used first-generation calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus(TAC). TAC is commonly known as the most effective immunosuppressive drug after LT, but it has been reported to cause intolerable side effects such as nephrotoxicity,neurotoxicity, diabetes, hypertension, gastrointestinal disturbances, increased risk of infections, and malignancies. It is necessary for physicians to be aware of recent advances in tacrolimus and sirolimus therapies to compare and understand distinctly the effectiveness and tolerability of these drugs. This will assist clinicians in making the best treatment decisions and improve the clinical prognosis of LT recipients with HCC.

关键词： Rapamycin Tacrolimus Sirolimus Immunosuppressants Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver transplantation

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Strength Performance and Microstructure Characteristic of Naturally-Bonded Fiberboard Composite from Malaysian Bamboo(Bambusa vulgaris)

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第10期10卷 2581-2591页

作者： Shahril Anuar Bahari Mohd Nazarudin zakaria Syaiful Osman Falah Abu mohamad Jani Saad Reza Hosseinpourpia Eco-Technology Program Faculty of Applied SciencesUniversiti Teknologi MARA(UiTM)Shah Alam40450Malaysia Engineering Research Centre Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute(MARDI)Serdang43400Malaysia Department of Forestry and Wood Technology Linnaeus UniversityVäxjö35195Sweden

This study investigated the mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of fiberboard composite produced by naturally-bonded Malaysian bamboo fiber(Bambusa vulgaris).The components that obtained through soda pulping of bamboo culms such as fiber and black liquor,were used for the preparation of high-density fibreboard composite at two target densities of 850 and 950 kg/m^(3).The bamboo fiberboard composite(BFC)were then produced at 200°C and two pressing parameters of 125 and 175 s/mm.The mechanical properties,e.g.,flexural strength and internal bonding(IB)of BFC samples were evaluated according to BS EN 310:1993 and BS EN 319:1993,respectively.It was found that the mechanical performance of the composite with 850 kg/m^(3)density was significantly higher than 950 kg/m^(3)ones,especially for the samples with 125 s/mm pressing parameter.Microstructure characteristic of the BFC samples illustrated that the fiber linkages were cracked in the composites with higher density,e.g.,the composite with the density of 950 kg/m^(3)and also black liquor were slightly degraded at longer pressing time,which led to the reduction in mechanical properties,especially in IB strength.

关键词： Bamboo fiber naturally-bonded black liquor mechanical properties SEM composite

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Feasibility of Integrating Bimetallic Au-Ag Non-Alloys Nanoparticles Embedded in Reduced Graphene Oxide Photodetector

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Photonic Sensors 2023年第3期13卷 23-36页

作者： Nurul Syazwani ROHIZAT Muhammad Nur Syafiq mohamad ISMAIL Muhammad Aiman Saufi AHMAD FAHRI Chee Leong TAN Rozalina zakaria Photonics Research Center Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia School of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Microelectronics Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China

To coordinate the resonant wavelength of the plasmonic nanoparticles(NPs),the emission band of the reduced graphene oxide(rGO)photodetector at the NIR-region is crucial for the optimal plasmon-enhanced luminescence in the device.In contrast to monometallic NPs,where limits the dimensions and extended resonant wavelength,we integrated an Au-Ag bimetallic NPs(BMNPs)to enable resonance tuning at the longer wavelength at the excitation source of 785 nm.These features showed an increase in radiative recombination rates as well as the quantum yield efficiency of the device.The BMNPs were produced from the dewetting process of 600℃and 500℃,both at 1 min after the deposition thickness layer of Au(8 nm)and Ag(10 nm)on the Si substrate using the electron-beam evaporation process.Our BMNPs-rGO photodetector exhibited the responsivity of 2.25 A·W^(–1),Jones of specific detectivity of 2.45×10^(11)Jones,and external quantum efficiency(EQE)of 356%.The rise time and fall time for the photodetector were 32 ns and 186 ns,respectively.This work provided an essential information to enable the versatile plasmon-enhanced application in 2-dimensional(2D)material optoelectronic devices.

关键词： Au-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles rGO photodetector

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Effect of Patient-Specific Aorta Wall Properties on Hemodynamic Parameters

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2021年第1期17卷 171-179页

作者： mohamad Shukri zakaria Haslina Abdullah Azmi Nordin Syazwati Ahmad Zaki Fakulti Kejuruteraan Mekanikal Universiti Teknikal Malaysia MelakaHang Tuah Jaya76100Malaysia Faculty of Mechanical&Manufacturing Engineering Universiti Tun Hussein OnnParit Raja86400Malaysia

This study deals with the interaction of blood flow with the wall aorta,i.e.,the boundary of the main artery that transports blood in the human body.The problem is addressed in the framework of computational fluid dynamics complemented with(FSI),i.e.,a fluid-structure interaction model.Two fundamental types of wall are considered,namely a flexible and a rigid boundary.The resulting hemodynamic flows are carefully compared in order to determine which boundary condition is more effective in reproducing reality.Special attention is paid to wall shear stress(WSS),a factor known for its ability to produce atherosclerosis and bulges.Laminar flow conditions are assumed.The result show that the flexible wall can produce higher WSS and pressure drop compared to the rigid aorta case.

关键词： Aorta CFD wall shear stress FS

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Wall Follower Autonomous Robot Development Applying Fuzzy Incremental Controller

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Intelligent Control and Automation 2013年第1期4卷 18-25页

作者： Dirman Hanafi Yousef Moh Abueejela mohamad Fauzi zakaria Department of Mechatronic and Robotic Engineering Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Parit Raja Malaysia

This paper presents the design of an autonomous robot as a basic development of an intelligent wheeled mobile robot for air duct or corridor cleaning. The robot navigation is based on wall following algorithm. The robot is controlled using fuzzy incremental controller (FIC) and embedded in PIC18F4550 microcontroller. FIC guides the robot to move along a wall in a desired direction by maintaining a constant distance to the wall. Two ultrasonic sensors are installed in the left side of the robot to sense the wall distance. The signals from these sensors are fed to FIC that then used to determine the speed control of two DC motors. The robot movement is obtained through differentiating the speed of these two motors. The experimental results show that FIC is successfully controlling the robot to follow the wall as a guidance line and has good performance compare with PID controller.

关键词： Autonomous Robot Wall Follower Fuzzy Incremental Controller Embedded System

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Extraction of Naphthenic Acids from Liquid Hydrocarbon using Imidazolium Ionic Liquids

Extraction of Naphthenic Acids from Liquid Hydrocarbon using...

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2012 International Conference on Environment Science and Engineering（ICESE 2012）

作者： Hasiah Kamarudin Mohamed Ibrahim Abdul Mutalib zakaria Man mohamad Azmi Bustam Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONASBandar Seri Iskandar31750 TronohPerakMalaysia

In the petroleum processing industry, the presence of carboxylic acids in the form of naphthenic acid could cause severe corrosion to the crude oil processing units, pipelines and storage tanks. This study investigates the potential of using ionic liquids as naphthenic acids extractor from a model hydrocarbon liquid i.e., dodecane. The ionic liquids 1-n-butyl-imidazolium with three different anions namely thiocyanate [SCN], octylsulfate [OCS] and trifluoromethanesulfonate [OTF] are used to extract two types of carboxylic acids namely benzoic acid and n-hexanoic acid, from the hydrocarbon liquid. The results show that the ionic liquids exhibit high extraction efficiency for both carboxylic acids used. Using computational molecular simulation software i.e., COSMO-RS, the interaction mechanism is investigated based on surface polarization charge densities. From the simulation results, the extraction performance of the ionic liquids is predicted based on capacity and selectivity parameter. Comparison between the experimental results and the simulation prediction shows good agreement with each other.

关键词： naphthenic acid ionic liquids deacidification process liquid-liquid extraction

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Coincident Bilateral Atraumatic Hip Fracture in a Young Patient with Renal Osteodystrophy

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2020年第11期10卷 313-320页

作者： Shukriah Aqilah zakaria Mohd Shafiee Johan Chin Max Yong Guang Yi Mohd Atiq Che Roselam mohamad Hafiz Mohmad Hassim Department of Orthopaedic Hospital Bintulu Bintulu Malaysia Department of Orthopaedic Hospital Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Orthopaedic Hospital Tuanku Jaafar Seremban Malaysia

Bilateral, coincident, atraumatic hip fracture is extremely uncommon and usually occurs secondary to seizures, trauma and metabolic disease including renal osteodystrophy. One of the major types, secondary hyperparathyroidism is associated with high bone turnover due to excess parathyroid hormone and usually seen in a chronic dialysis patient. We reported a 20-year-old woman with end stage renal failure and renal osteodystrophy. She sustained atraumatic right subtrochanteric fracture and left neck of femur fracture (Garden 1), then underwent bilateral long proximal femoral nail. Renal osteodystrophy causes pathological fracture by affecting calcium metabolism that stimulates bone resorptions and leads to osteoporotic bone. The aim of this case report is to discuss the approach and management done to the patient presented to our center. Bilateral long proximal femoral nail (PFN) was chosen, taking into account the patient’s premorbid, age, fracture pattern and potential complications. Careful multidisciplinary team approach led by the orthopaedic surgeon, nephrologist and physical therapist is vital for the patient to achieve good outcome postoperatively, thus reducing morbidity and mortality.

关键词： Pathological Fracture Hip Fracture Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Renal Osteodystrophy

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