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Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: Experience of a Level 2 Health Center in Senegal

Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第5期13卷 837-849页

作者： Soukeynatou Dia Ndour Papa Malick Ngom Louise Fortes Anna Mody Seck Thérèse Ndong Kadiatou Diallo Fatoumata Bintou Sall modouthioro mbaye Department of Obstetrics Gynecology Hospital Principal of Dakar Dakar Senegal

The elimination of vertical transmission of HIV from mother to child is a major global goal. In Senegal, the transmission rate was estimated at 3.2% in 2017. To reduce or even eliminate this transmission, Senegal has implemented various strategies and programs adopted and applied nationally. Thus access to services for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV has been extended to the level of the health post (the lowest level of the country’s health pyramid) with a delegation of tasks to paramedical staff (nurse, midwife) in the diagnosis and therapeutic management. Objectives: To describe the epidemiological profile of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)-positive mothers, to assess the care of children born to HIV-positive mothers, to determine the rate of HIV transmission from mother to child. Patients and Method: We carried out a retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study of all live newborns of HIV-positive mothers who gave birth at the Gaspard Kamara Health Center (a level 2 health center in Dakar, Senegal) between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018. The data were collected from prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) prenatal follow-up registers and files, delivery files and registers, and neonatology and pediatric follow-up files, and exploited using the Epi info 7 software. Results: There were 98 children of seropositive mothers. The epidemiological profile of the HIV-positive woman was that of a young woman aged between 16 and 43 with an average of 31.31 years, pauciparous (>65% of cases) from Dakar center (>75% of cases), housewife with a low socio-economic level (63.1% of cases), married in almost all cases, with HIV profile (in almost all cases) and diagnosed before pregnancy (51.02%). The analysis of the children’s data revealed a predominance of girls (52.04%) with a good birth weight (2964g on average) and a pregnancy carried to term in more than 95% of cases. ARV prophylaxis was almost entirely respected with tripl

关键词： Mother-to-Child Transmission HIV Infection Prevention Antiretroviral Treatment

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Numerical Approach of Network Problems in Optimal Mass Transportation

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Applied Mathematics 2012年第5期3卷 457-466页

作者： Lamine Ndiaye Babacar mbaye Ndiaye Pierre Mendy Diaraf Seck Laboratory of Mathematics of Decision and Numerical Analysis (LMDAN) FASEG University of Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Unité Mixte Internationale UMMISCO Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Bondy France

In this paper, we focus on the theoretical and numerical aspects of network problems. For an illustration, we consider the urban traffic problems. And our effort is concentrated on the numerical questions to locate the optimal network in a given domain (for example a town). Mainly, our aim is to find the network so as the distance between the population position and the network is minimized. Another problem that we are interested is to give an numerical approach of the Monge and Kantorovitch problems. In the literature, many formulations (see for example [1-4]) have not yet practical applications which deal with the permutation of points. Let us mention interesting numerical works due to E. Oudet begun since at least in 2002. He used genetic algorithms to identify optimal network (see [5]). In this paper we introduce a new reformulation of the problem by introducing permutations . And some examples, based on realistic scenarios, are solved.

关键词： Optimal Mass Transportation Network Urban Traffic Monge-Kantorovich Problem Global Optimization

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Controllability Approach for a Fluid Structure Interaction Problem

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Applied Mathematics 2012年第3期3卷 213-216页

作者： Ibrahima mbaye Department of Mathematics University of Thies Thies Senegal

The present paper presents a new method to solve fluid structure interaction problem. Our computational method is based on controllability approach. Given a target structural displacement we will find a control steering the displacement of the structure u to . We need to define a payoff functional (J): where u solves the structure equation for the control and is a fixed value. Our aim is to find a control which minimizes the payoff criterion. And therefore we find u the beam displacement, v the velocity of the fluid and p the pressure of the fluid.

关键词： Fluid Structure Interaction Finite Elements Method Controllability BFGS Method

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Factors associated with mortality in congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract in a tertiary center in Senegal

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2023年第1期6卷 24-29页

作者： Tshibwid A Zeng Papa Alassane mbaye Doudou Gueye Ndèye Fatou Seck Ibrahima Bocar Wellé Rosalie Niang Youssouph Diedhiou mbaye Fall Ndèye Aby Ndoye Aloïse Sagna Oumar Ndour Gabriel Ngom Department of Pediatric Surgery Albert Royer National Children’s Hospital CenterUniversitéCheikh Anta Diop Facultéde Medecine Pharmacie d'Odonto-StomatologieDakarSenegal Department of Pediatric Surgery Aristide Le Dantec University Teaching HospitalUniversitéCheikh Anta Diop Facultéde Medecine Pharmacie d'Odonto-StomatologieDakarSenegal

Objective Patients with congenital malformations(CMs)of the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)have a very high ***,the literature on the factors associated with mortality in these patients is scarce in sub-Saharan *** aim of this study is to identify independent risk factors for mortality in patients with CMs of the GIT at our pediatric surgical *** We conducted a retrospective analysis of cases with CMs of the GIT managed at a tertiary center from 2018 to *** were subdivided into two groups based on the outcomes,and variables with a significant difference were analyzed by logistic *** Our review included 226 patients,63 of whom died(27.88%).Patient age ranged from 0 to 15 *** into account statistical significance,mortality was more frequent in neonates than in older patients(57.30%vs 6.15%),in patients coming out of the Dakar area than in those from the Dakar area(43.75%vs 19.18%),in patients with abnormal prenatal ultrasound than in those with normal ultrasound(100%vs 26.67%),in premature children than in those born at term(78.57%vs 21.87%),in patients with an additional malformation than in those with an isolated malformation(69.23%vs 25.35%),and in those with intestinal,esophageal,duodenal and colonic atresia than in those with other diagnoses(100%,89%,56.25%and 50%,respectively).Referred patients died more than those who changed hospitals or came from home(55.29%vs 25%and 9.09%,respectively).On multivariable logistic regression,two independent factors of mortality were identified:presence of associated malformation[odds ratio(OR)=13.299;95%Confidence interval(CI)1.370 to 129.137]and diagnosis of esophageal atresia(OR=46.529;95%CI 5.828 to 371.425).Conclusion The presence of an associated malformation or diagnosis of esophageal atresia increases mortality in patients with CMs of the GIT in our environment.

关键词： mortality diagnosis congenital

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Conjugate Gradient Method to Solve Fluid Structure Interaction Problem

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Applied Mathematics 2017年第4期8卷 444-452页

作者： Mamadou Diop Ibrahima mbaye Thies University Thies Senegal Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Thies University Thies Senegal

In this paper, we propose a method to solve coupled problem. Our computational method is mainly based on conjugate gradient algorithm. We use finite difference method for the structure and finite element method for th... 详细信息

关键词： Fluid-Structure Interaction Beam Stokes Finite Element Finite Difference Method Conjugate Gradient Method

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Method of Successive Approximations for a Fluid Structure Interaction Problem

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Applied Mathematics 2014年第15期5卷 2299-2304页

作者： Aliou Gueye Sow Ibrahima mbaye Department of Mathematics University of Thies Thies Senegal

In this paper, we present a method for solving coupled problem. This method is mainly based on the successive approximations method. The external force acting on the structure is replaced by λ = p (x1, H + u (x1, λ)). Then we have a nonlinear equation of unknown?λ to solve by successive approximations method. By this method, we obtain easily the analytic expression of the displacement. In addition, good results are obtained with only a few iterations.

关键词： Beam Equation Stokes Equation Finite Elements Method Successive Approximations Method

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基于卷积神经网络的作物叶部病害识别研究

基于卷积神经网络的作物叶部病害识别研究

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作者： mbaye MOR 浙江理工大学

学位级别：硕士

The economic impact of crop diseases caused by environmental pollution can be complex and go beyond their immediate effect on directly affected agricultural *** of the possible effects are food insecurity,health risk,environmental degradation,increased financial costs,reduced yield of crop food production,and increased production *** detection and classification of crop diseases at an early age could help the producers to take corresponding prevention measures in time and avoids the abuse of pesticides and protects the environment we live on,and could also improve the yield and quality of crop food *** paper discussed the question of how to identify and classify leaf crop diseases using Convolutional Neural *** order to make the experience a real-life experience,we use 13,243 soybean leaf crop diseases,and 17,664 cucumber leaf crop *** acquired leaf disease images are usually messy,come from different sources and present some visible symptoms and invisible *** order to feed a dataset of images to a Convolutional Neural Network,they must all be *** this paper,we implemented Unsupervised fuzzy clustering,and color space transformation combined with k-means clustering to differently preprocessed the input *** main works and achievements of this paper are as follows:Firstly,we designed a Convolutional Neural Network based on LeNet to perform leaf crop disease recognition and classification using affected areas of disease *** affected areas of disease spots were segmented from the leaves images using the Unsupervised fuzzy clustering *** achieved a test accuracy of 95.82%with segmented soybean spot diseases,and 96.04%with segmented cucumber spot *** proposed algorithm was evaluated through comparison,and the comparative experiments were conducted using SVM and ***16 model achieved a performance reaching a 97.05%success rate with segmented soybean spot diseases,and

关键词：农作物病害识别图像处理卷积神经网络

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Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty: Indications and Results, a Preliminary Senegalese Experience from the Neurosurgery Department of the CHNU of Fann

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2023年第4期13卷 156-165页

作者： El Hadj cheikh Ndiaye Sy Celebre Mualaba Amidou Adjamou Maguette mbaye mbaye Thioub Momar Code Ba Neurosurgical Clinic CHNU Fann Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are percutaneous techniques that consist in injecting an acrylic cement into the body of a pathological vertebra. This work aims to report the experience the of Fann’s neurosurgery department in treating certain spinal pathologies by vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. Methods: During a 3-year period from July 1, 2019 to July 31, 2022, we conducted a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study, including patients who underwent vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty for dorsolumbar spinal pathology. Results: The mean age of the 13 patients in our study was 51.61 years. Female gender was predominant in 62% (n = 8). The context of spontaneous onset was found in six patients. Nine patients had a VAS (visual analogue scale) ≥ 8 (69.23%). On clinical examination, all patients had a syndrome without neurological deficits. 84.61% of patients had a CT scan (n = 11). The dorsolumbar hinge was most affected with 53.85% of cases. Seven patients had a vertebral compression of between 25% and. The average degree of kyphosis was 8˚ and seven patients had a degree of kyphosis ≥ 10˚. Tumour aetiology accounted for 46.15% of cases. Kyphoplasty was performed in 61.53% (n = 9) of the cases and vertebroplasty was performed in 38.47% (n = 4) of the patients. Kyphoplasty was associated with biopsy in two cases and with osteosynthesis in one patient. Vertebroplasty was always associated with a biopsy. The evolution was favourable with a significant reduction in pain and vertebral kyphosis. The mean VAS decreased from 8.15 to 0.69 three months after treatment and the mean kyphosis decreased from 8˚ to 2˚. Conclusion: Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty as percutaneous techniques allow consolidation of the vertebral body and pain relief. Kyphoplasty alone not only reduces pain but also restores the height of the compacted vertebral body.

关键词： Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty Indications and Results Preliminary Senegalese Experience

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Integration of Fish and Poultry Farming into Cropping Systems to Improve Production Yields

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第12期12卷 2037-2054页

作者： mbaye Tine Saliou Wade Mbacke Sembene UFR of Agricultural Sciences Aquaculture and Food Technologies (UFR S2ATA) Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Senegal UFR of Economic Sciences and Management Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Senegal Department of Animal Biology Faculty of Sciences and Technology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

This study aims to evaluate and compare the fertilizing effects of fish-breeding water and river water combined or not with composted poultry manure on the growth and production of okra and lettuce crops. Thus, a sample of 2000 Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fry and a sample of 100 Cobb 500 strain chicks were reared and monitored for six months and fifteen days. Poultry manure and fish-breeding water were then collected and used to fertilize and water okra and lettuce crops. Two systems were used for the crops (okra and lettuce) tested in an elementary plot design with replicates for each treatment (T1: fish-breeding water alone;T2: river water alone;T3: fish-breeding water combined with manure;T4: river water combined with manure). Morphometric parameters and phenological traits of okra and lettuce crops as well as the total harvest weight and production yield were evaluated and compared between treatments. The results reveal better growth and higher yields (0.67 kg/m2 vs. 0.45 kg/m2) of okra crops that received treatment T1 compared to T2. The best growth and yields of lettuce were obtained with treatments T3 (3.34 kg/m2) and T1 (1.89 kg/m2) compared to T4 (1.23 kg/m2) and T2 (1.20 kg/m2). These results show that fish-breeding water combined with poultry manure can boost okra and lettuce production and would be a real asset to stimulate local agricultural development. Thus, the adoption of such an agro-ecological approach integrating fish farming and animal husbandry could increase local production and provide food of good nutritional quality.

关键词： Agroecology Poultry Fish Farming Production Yield Nile Tilapia Cobb 500 Okra Lettuce

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Improved Resistance to Cracking of a Cement Mortar through the Incorporation of Crumb Rubber

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Journal of Physical Science and Application 2017年第3期7卷 37-40页

作者： Moulay Smaine Ghembaza mbaye Seck Laboratory of Civil Engineering and Environment University Djillali Liabes Sidi BelAbbes 22000 Algeria

Within a context of sustainable development, innovative processes for various applications to recycle rubber are put in place to make aggregates or crumb rubber. These uses include sports floor coverings, to manufacture of sealants, sound absorbing walls, to make roads, as an alternative fuel in cement kilns, etc. In this study, the addition of crumb rubber to mortar was investigated through optical and mechanical tests. The results showed that the incorporation of crumb rubber from used tires into mortar produced a better resistance to shrinkage cracking, but a compressive strength/tensile is reduced. This feature could lend itself to making playgrounds and sports grounds more absorbing and flexible, which would allow a more significant fall to be withstood without injury and consequently enhance the safety of playgrounds.

关键词： Max. resistance cracking cement mortar crumb rubber.

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