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Effects of Conservation Agriculture on Land and Water Productivity in Yellow River Basin, China

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2010年第2期3卷 5-17,I0001页

作者： Vinay Nangia mobin-ud-din ahmad Du Jiantao Yan Changrong Gerrit Hoogenboom Mei Xurong He Wenqing Liu Shuang Liu Qin Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada OttawaONCanada CSIRO Land and WaterDivision CanberraACT2601Australia Institute of Environmental and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural ScienceBeijing 100081China Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering University of GeorgiaGriffinGAUSA

In the dryland regions of North China,water is the limiting factor for rainfed crop *** agriculture(featuring reduced or zero tillage,mulching,crop rotations and cover crops)has been proposed to improve soil and water conservation and enhance yields in these *** agriculture systems typically result in increased crop water availability and agro-ecosystem productivity,and reduced soil *** evaluate the potential of conservation agriculture to improve soil water balance and agricultural productivity,the DSSAT crop model was calibrated using the data of a field experiment in Shouyang County in the semi-arid northeastern part of the Yellow River *** average annual precipitation at the site is 472 mm,75%of which falls during the growing *** site had a maize-fallow-maize *** from two crop seasons(2005 and 2006)and four treatments for calibration and analysis were *** treatments were:conventional tillage(CT),no-till with straw mulching(NTSM),all-straw incorporated(ASRT)and one-third residue left on the surface with no-till(RRT).The calibration results gave satisfactory agreement between field observed and model predicted values for crop yield for all treatments except RRT treatment,and for soil water content of different layers in the 150 cm soil profile for all *** difference between observed and predicted values was in the range of 3%-25%for maize yield and RMSE was in the range of 0.03-0.06 cm^(3)/cm^(3) for soil water content measured periodically each cropping *** these results are encouraging,more rigorous calibration and independent model evaluation are warranted prior to making recommendations based on model ***-term simulations(1995-2004)were conducted for three of the treatments using the calibrated *** NTSM and ASRT treatments had similar or higher yields(by up to 36%),higher crop water productivity by up to 28%and reduced runoff of up to 93%or 43 mm comp

关键词： tillage conservative agriculture soil and water conservation mulch residues CERES model DSSAT model

Fabrication of MXene-Bi_(2)WO_(6)heterojunction by Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)hinge for extraordinary LED-light-driven photocatalytic performance

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 4729-4736页

作者： Zhiwen Li Liangliang Xu Zaheer ud din Babar Ali Raza Yifei Zhang Xinrui Gu Yu-Xin Miao Zhen Zhao Gao Li Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShenyang Normal UniversityShenyang 110034China State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China Scuola Superiore Meridionale(SSM) University of Naples Federico IILargo S.Marcellino1080138Italy Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Heterojunction composites with intimate interfaces can shorten the diffusion distance,which leads to a shorter path for photogenerated carriers,thereby increasing photocatalytic ***,we report the fabrication of Ti_(3)C_(2)-Bi_(2)WO_(6)(TC-BW)heterojunctions hinged by Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)joints via an in situ hydrothermal reaction of Ti_(3)C_(2)in the presence of Na_(2)WO_(4)and Bi(NO_(3))_(3).The TC-BW was characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM),and Raman ***-BW showed superior photocatalytic activity(productivity over 15TC-WB reaches up to 5.0 mmolreacted BA·gcat.^(−1)·h^(−1))in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol using light-emitting diode(LED)light,arising from the surface defects and intimate heterojunction interface between the Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene and Bi_(2)WO_(6)***-BW heterojunctions provide an enhanced separation efficiency of photogenerated charges,which in turn yields superior photocatalytic ***,it is well substantiated by density functional theory(DFT)*** summary,this study elucidates the preparation of heterojunction composites with intimate interfaces for highly efficient photooxidation.

关键词： MXene-Bi_(2)WO_(6) heterojunction LED-light-driven photocatalysis Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7) photooxidation

Straw return influences the structure and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in a rice-wheat rotation system

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 339-350页

作者： Silong ZHAI Junjie XIE Zongyi TONG Bing YANG Weiping CHEN Roger TKOIDE Yali MENG Xiaomin HUANG Atta Mohi ud din Changqing CHEN Haishui YANG College of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Department of Biology Brigham Young UniversityProvo UT 84602USA Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Agricultural College of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China National Research Center of Intercropping The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur 63100Pakistan Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Straw return is a sustainable soil fertility-building practice,which can affect soil microbial ***,how straw return affects arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)is not well ***,we studied the impacts of different straw management treatments over eight years on the structure and functioning of AMF communities in a rice-wheat rotation *** straw management treatments included no tillage with no straw(NTNS),rotary tillage straw return(RTSR),and ditch-buried straw return(DBSR).The community structure of AMF was characterized using high-throughput sequencing,and the mycorrhizal functioning was quantified using an in situ mycorrhizal-suppression *** straw management treatments formed unique AMF community structure,which was closely related to changes in soil total organic carbon,available phosphorus,total nitrogen,ammonium,and *** compared with NTNS,RTSR significantly increased Shannon diversity in 0–10 cm soil layer,while DBSR increased it in 10–20 cm soil layer;DBSR significantly increased hyphal length density in the whole ploughing layer(0–20 cm),but RTSR only increased it in the subsurface soil layer(10–20 cm).The mycorrhizal responses of shoot biomass and nutrient(N and P)uptake were positive under both straw return treatments(RTSR and DBSR),but negative under *** community composition of AMF was significantly correlated to hyphal length density,and the latter was further a positive predictor for the mycorrhizal responses of plant growth and nutrient *** findings suggest that straw return can affect AMF community structure and functioning,and farmers should manage mycorrhizas to strengthen their beneficial effects on crop production.

关键词： community structure hyphal length density shoot biomass shoot N uptake shoot P uptake soil physicochemical properties straw management tillage

Enhanced biological nutrient removal by the alliance of a heterotrophic nitrifying strain with a nitrogen removing ecosystem

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第2期20卷 216-223页

作者： Naeem ud din ahmad XU Haiying CHEN Liping LIU Zhipei LIU Shuangjiang State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Nitrogen removal from synthetic wastewater was investigated in an airlift bioreactor （ALB）, augmented with a novel heterotrophic nitrifier Pseudonocardia ammonioxydans H9^T under organic carbon to nitrogen ratios （Corg/N） ranging from 0 to 12. Effect of the inoculated strain was also determined on the settling properties and the removal of chemical oxygen demand （COD）. Two laboratory scale reactors were set up to achieve a stable nitrifying state under the same physicochemical conditions of hydraulic retention time （HRT）, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen （DO）, and operated under the sequencing batch mode. The level of DO was kept at 0.5- 1.5 mg/L by periodic stirring and aeration. Each specific Corg/N ratio was continued for duration of 3 weeks. One of the reactors （BR2） was inoculated with P ammonioxydans H9^T periodically at the start of each Corg/N ratio. Sludge volumetric index （SVI） improved with the increasing Corg/N ratio, but no significant difference was detected between the two reactors. BR2 showed higher levels of nitrogen removal with the increasing heterotrophic conditions, and the ammonia removal reached to the level of 82%-88%, up to10% higher than that in the control reactor （BR1） at Corg/N ratios higher than 6; however, the ammonia removal level in experimental reactor was up to 8% lower than that in control reactor at Corg/N ratios lower than 2. The COD removal efficiency progressively increased with the increasing Corg/N ratios in both of the reactors. The COD removal percentage up to peak values of 88%-94% in BR2, up to 11% higher than that in BR1 at Corg/N ratio higher than 4. The peak values of ammonia and COD removal almost coincided with the highest number （18%-27% to total bacterial number） of the exogenous bacterium in the BR2, detected as colony forming units （CFU）. Furthermore, the removal of ammonia and COD in BR2 was closely related to the number of the inoculated strain with a coefficient index （R2） up to 0.82 and 0.85 for ammonia

关键词： air-lift bioreactor (ALB) bioaugrnentation Corg/N ratio COD and ammonia removal sequencing batch mode heterotrophic nitrifier Pseudonocardia ammonioxydans H9^T

Revalorization of CO2 for methanol production via ZnO promoted carbon nanofibers based Cu-ZrO2 catalytic hydrogenation

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第12期28卷 68-76页

作者： Israf ud din Maizatul S.Shaharun A.Naeem S Tasleem Pervaiz ahmad Department of Chemistry College of Science and HumaniriesPrince Sarttam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-kharjSaudi Arabia Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONASMalaysia National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry University of PeshawarPakistan Chemistry Department Kohat University of Science and TechnologyKohatPakistan Department of Physics University of Azad Jammu&Kashmir13100 MuzaffarabadPakistan

A series of novel carbon nanofibers(CNFs)based Cu-ZrO2 catalysts were synthesized by deposition precipitation *** investigate the influence of promoter,catalysts were loaded with 1,2,3 and 4 wt%ZnO and characterized by ICP-OES,HRTEM,BET,N2O chemisorption,TPR,XPS and CO2-TPD *** results revealed that physicochemical properties of the catalysts were strongly influenced by incorporation of ZnO to the parent *** surface area(SCu)and dispersion(DCu)were slightly decreased by incorporation of ZnO ***,SCuand DCuwere remarkably decreased when ZnO content was exceeded beyond 3 wt%.The catalytic performance was evaluated by using autoclave slurry reactor at a pressure and temperature of 30 bar and 180℃,*** promotion of CuZrO2/CNFs catalyst with 3 wt%of ZnO enhanced methanol synthesis rate from 32 to 45 g kg^-1 h^-***,with the ZnO promotion the selectivity to methanol was enhanced to 92%compared to 78%of the un-promoted Cu-ZrO2/CNFs catalyst at the expense of a lowered CO2 *** addition,the catalytic activity of this novel catalyst system for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol was compared with the recent literature data.

关键词： Methanol synthesis Slurry reactor Promoter effect Chemisorption studies CNFs CO2 conversion

Stability analysis of a fractional-order cancer model with chaotic dynamics

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2021年第6期14卷 239-261页

作者： Parvaiz ahmad Naik Jian Zu Mehraj-ud-din Naikt School of Mathematics and Statistics Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’anShaanxi 710049P.R.China Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering Jazan UniversityJazan 45142Saudi Arabia

In this paper,we develop a three-dimensional fractional-order cancer *** proposed model involves the interaction among tumor cells,healthy tissue cells and activated effector *** detailed analysis of the equilibrium points is ***,the existence and uniqueness of the solution are *** fractional derivative is considered in the Caputo *** simulations are performed to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical *** outcome of the study reveals that the order of the fractional derivative has a significant effect on the dynamic ***,the calculated Lyapunov exponents give the existence of chaotic behavior of the proposed ***,it is observed from the obtained results that decrease in fractional-order p increases the chaotic behavior of the model.

关键词： Cancer model Caputo fractional derivative chaos stability analysis.

IoT Devices Authentication Using Artificial Neural Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第2期70卷 3701-3716页

作者： Syed Shabih Ul Hasan Anwar Ghani Ikram ud din ahmad Almogren Ayman Altameem Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering International Islamic University Islamabad45000Pakistan Department of Information Technology The University of Haripur22620HaripurPakistan Chair of Cyber Security Department of Computer ScienceCollege of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11633Saudi Arabia Chair of Cyber Security Department of Natural and Engineering SciencesCollege of Applied Studies and Community ServicesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia

User authentication is one of the critical concerns of information *** tend to use strong textual passwords,but remembering complex passwords is hard as they often write it on a piece of paper or save it in their mobile *** passwords are slightly unprotected and are easily *** attacks include dictionary,shoulder surfing,and brute *** passwords overcome the shortcomings of textual passwords and are designed to aid memorability and ease of *** paper proposes a Process-based Pattern Authentication(PPA)system for Internet of Things(IoT)devices that does not require a server to maintain a static password of the login *** server stores user’s information,which they provide at the time of registration,i.e.,the R-code and the symbol,but the P-code,i.e.,the actual password,will change with every login attempt of *** this scheme,users may draw a pattern on the basis of calculation from the P-code and Rcode in the PPA pattern,and can authenticate themselves using their touch dynamic behaviors through Artificial Neural Network(ANN).The ANN is trained on touch behaviors of legitimate users reporting superior performance over the existing *** experimental purposes,PPA is implemented as a prototype on a computer system to carry out experiments for the evaluation in terms of memorability and *** experiments show that the system has an effect of 5.03%of the False Rejection Rate(FRR)and 4.36%of the False Acceptance Rate(FAR),respectively.

关键词： Implicit authentication behavioral authentication artificial neural network processed pattern authentication

Short Response of Spring Wheat to Tillage, Residue Management and Split Nitrogen Application in a Rice-Wheat System

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第12期13卷 2625-2633页

作者： Khalid Usman Ejaz ahmad Khan Fazal Yazdan Niamatullah Khan Abdur Rashid Saleem ud din Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Gomal UniversityD. I. Khan 29050 Pakistan Oil Seed Research Programme National Agricultural Research Center (NARC) Cotton Research Station Ratta Kulachi D. I. Khan 29050 Pakistan Arid Zone Research Institute Ratta Kulachi D. I. Khan 29050 Pakistan

A ifeld experiment was conducted to study the impact of tillage, crop residue management and nitrogen （N） splitting on spring wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） yield over 2 yr （2010-2012） in a rice （Oryza sativa L.）-wheat system in northwestern Pakistan. The experiment was conducted as split plot arranged in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Treatments comprised six tillage and residue managements：zero tillage straw retained （ZTsr）, zero tillage straw burnt （ZTsb）, reduced tillage straw incorporated （RTsi）, reduced tillage straw burnt （RTsb）, conventional tillage straw incorporated （CTsi）, and conventional tillage straw burnt （CTsb） as main plots and N （200 kg ha-1） was applied as split form viz., control （no nitrogen＆no splitting, N0S0）;2 splits of total N, half at sowing and half at the 1st irrigation （i.e., 20 d after sowing （DAS））（NS1）;3 splits of total N, 1/3 at sowing, 1/3 at the 1st irrigation, and 1/3 at the 2nd irrigation （NS2）;4 splits of total N, 1/4 at sowing, 1/4 at the 1st irrigation, 1/4 at the 2nd irrigation （45 DAS）, and 1/4 at the 3rd irrigation （70 DAS）（NS3）;and 4 splits of total N, 1/4 at the 1st irrigation, 1/4 at the 2nd irrigation, 1/4 at the 3rd irrigation, and 1/4 at the 4th irrigation （95DAS）（NS4） as sub plots. The results showed that the most pikes m-2, grains/spike, 1 000-grain weight, grain yield, and N use efifciency （NUE） were obtained at zero tillage, straw retained and 4 splits application of total N （i.e., at sowing 20, 45 and 70 d after sowing）. The results indicated that ZTsr with application of 200 kg N ha-1 in 4 equal splits viz. at sowing 20, 45 and 70 d after sowing is an appropriate strategy that enhanced wheat yield （7 436-7 634 kg ha-1） and N efifciency （28.6-29.5 kg kg-1） in rice-wheat system.

关键词： tillage residue management N split application wheat yield

Response of Wheat to Tillage Plus Rice Residue and Nitrogen Management in Rice-Wheat System

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第11期13卷 2389-2398页

作者： Khalid Usman Ejaz ahmad Khan Niamatullah Khan Abdur Rashid Fazal Yazdan Saleem ud din Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Gomal UniversityD. I. Khan 29050 Pakistan Cotton Research Station Ratta KulachiD. I. Khan 29050 Pakistan Arid Zone Research Institute Ratta KulachiD. I. Khan 29050 Pakistan Oil Seed Research Program National Agricultural Research CentreIslamabad 44000Pakistan

Zero tillage with residues retention and optimizing nitrogen fertilization are important strategies to improve soil quality and wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） yield in rice （Oryza sativa L.）-wheat system. Field experiments were conducted on silty clay soil （Hyperthermic, and Typic Torrilfuvents） in D. I. Khan, Pakistan, to explore the impact of six tillage methods （zero tillage straw retained （ZTsr）, ZT straw burnt （ZTsb）, reduced tillage straw incorporated （RTsi, including tiller and rotavator）, RT straw burnt （RTsb）, conventional tillage straw incorporated （CTsi, including disc plow, tiller, rotavator, and leveling operations）, CT straw burnt （CTsb）） and ifve nitrogen rates, i.e., 0, 100, 150, 200, and 250 kg ha-1 on wheat yield. Mean values for N revealed that spikes m-2, grains/spike, 1 000-grain weight （g）, and grain yield （kg ha-1） were signiifcantly higher at 200 kg N ha-1 in both the years as well as mean over years than all other treatments. Mean values for tillage revealed that ZTsr produced highest number of spikes m-2 among tillage methods. However, grains/spike, 1 000-grain weight, and grain yield were higher in tillage methods with either straw retained/incorporated than tillage methods with straw burnt. Interaction effects were signiifcant in year 1 and in mean over years regarding spikes m-2, 1 000-grain weight, total soil organic matter （SOM）, and total soil N （TSN）. ZTsr produced the most spikes m-2 and 1 000-grain weight at 200 kg N ha-1. ZTsr also produced higher SOM and TSN at 200-250 kg N ha-1 at the end of 2 yr cropping. Thus ZTsr with 200 kg N ha-1 may be an optimum and sustainable approach to enhance wheat yield and soil quality in rice-wheat system.

关键词： wheat yield tillage nitrogen TSN SOM