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Water Quality Evaluation of Chapurson Valley in Hunza Nagar, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan, Based on Statistical Analysis and Water Quality Index

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Health 2023年第5期15卷 379-396页

作者： Syeda Urooj Fatima moazzam ali khan Aamir Alamgir Nasir Sulman Tariq Masood ali khan Faisal Ahmed khan Muhammad Azhar khan Institute of Environmental Studies University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan

Water borne ailments are of serious public health concern in Gilgit Baltistan’s (GB) region of Pakistan. The pollution load on the glacio-fluvial streams and surface water resources of the Chapurson Valley in the Hunza Nagar area of the GB is increasing as a result of anthropogenic activities and tourism. The present study focuses on the public health quality of drinking water of Chapurson valley. The study addressed the fundamental drinking water quality criteria in order to understand the state of the public health in the valley. To ascertain the current status of physico-chemical, metals, and bacteriological parameters, 25 water samples were collected through deterministic sampling strategy and examined accordingly. The physico-chemical parameters of the water samples collected from the valley were found to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines of drinking water. The water samples showed a pattern of mean metal concentrations in order of Arsenic (As) > Lead (Pb) > Iron (Fe) > Zinc (Zn) > Copper (Cu) > Magnesium (Mg) > Calcium (Ca). As, Cu, Zn, Ca and Mg concentration were under the WHO guidelines range. However, results showed that Pb and Fe are present at much higher concentrations than recommended WHO guidelines. Similarly, the results of the bacteriological analysis indicate that the water samples are heavily contaminated with the organisms of public health importance (including total coliforms (TCC), total faecal coliforms (TFC) and total fecal streptococci (TFS) are more than 3 MPN/100mL). Three principal components, accounting for 48.44% of the total variance, were revealed using principal component analysis (PCA). Bacteriological parameters were shown to be the main determinants of the water quality as depicted by the PCA analysis. The dendrogram of Cluster analysis using the Ward’s method validated the same traits of the sampling locations that were found to be contaminated during geospatial analysis using the Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) m

关键词： Chapurson Valley Water Quality Physico-Chemical Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Inverse Distance Weight (IDW)

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Geo-Spatial Assessment of Water Quality in Shigar Valley, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan

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Health 2022年第5期14卷 535-552页

作者： Syeda Urooj Fatima moazzam ali khan Syed Shahid Shaukat Aamir Alamgir Farhan Siddiqui Nasir Sulman Institute of Environmental Studies University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan Department of Computer Science University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan Department of Special Education University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan

The current study attempted to evaluate the water quality in terms of physico-chemical properties, metals, and bacteriological characteristics of the surface water available in Shigar Valley located along Shigar River in sub-district Shigar of district Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan (GB), Pakistan. A total of 17 water samples were collected during 2020 and analysed to perform multivariate analysis through principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). Spatial distribution using inverse distance weight (IDW) interpolation was also utilised to determine the water quality in the valley to elucidate public health concerns. The study reveals that physico-chemical characteristics are the most important that affect water quality, followed by metals and bacteriological variables, according to a PCA application based on multivariate analysis. Examinations found that some of the metals including arsenic (As), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and molybdenum (Mo) and all bacteriological parameters enlisting total coliform count (TCC), total faecal coliform (TFC), and total faecal streptococci (TFS) are not following the WHO guidelines that could be hazardous from the public health viewpoint. The IDW-based spatial distribution indicates that water samples have an intermittent and unusual distribution of observed parameters. Having considerable community settlements, people in the valley have limited options and have no choice except to consume the available water as no alternate source is available. People hardly question the water quality and rarely examine the water potability. The study also demonstrated that combining PCA with IDW would be a powerful method for assessing water quality. It is suggested that the sources of contamination be investigated further in detail to reduce the pollution load of the surface water in the valley, which could aid in the development of sustainable ecotourism.

关键词： Shigar Valley Physico-Chemical Metals Microbial PCA IDW

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巴基斯坦国立现代语言大学中文系和孔子学院的调查报告

巴基斯坦国立现代语言大学中文系和孔子学院的调查报告

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作者：穆阿祖（moazzam ali khan）中山大学

学位级别：硕士

为了推动在巴基斯坦汉语教学的发展和中国文化的传播,中国国家汉语国际推广领导小组办公室,简称国家汉办,于2004年在巴基斯坦国立现代语言大学成立了孔子学院,截止到2016年已经有12年的历史,同时,巴基斯坦国立现代语言大学的中文系,为... 详细信息

为了推动在巴基斯坦汉语教学的发展和中国文化的传播,中国国家汉语国际推广领导小组办公室,简称国家汉办,于2004年在巴基斯坦国立现代语言大学成立了孔子学院,截止到2016年已经有12年的历史,同时,巴基斯坦国立现代语言大学的中文系,为巴基斯坦的汉语教学和中国文化的传播已经做出了46年的贡献。本论文的调查和研究,就是基于巴基斯坦国立语言大学的孔子学院和中文系两个教学机构,通过对两个汉语教学机构的调查与分析,了解他们的现状,两个不同的教育机构在汉语教学当中所起到的作用,同时了解他们学生的特点与需求,这样,就可以找出他们在汉语语言教学上存在的问题,并对他们两个机构的汉语教学提出意见和建议。本论文主要采用问卷调查法、访谈和观察分析的研究方式与方法,根据论文的目的,设计调查问卷,通过对教师与学生的调查,在详细的报告和事实数据的基础上,将研究的重点放在以下几个方面:两个教育机构的现状,教师情况,学生情况和教学环境等。本论文的第一章介绍了选题的缘由和意义,同时对相关文献进行研究综述的论证,明确研究对象与研究方法,同时提出了创新点。第二章,分别介绍国立语言大学的中文系与孔子学院的概况,第三章,语言大学中文系与孔子学院问卷调查,通过对数据的分析,对比和研究两个教育机构的相同点和不同点。在调查问卷总结与分析的基础上,本论文最后一章,提出了研究的结果和由此而得出来的结论,帮助巴基斯坦人民能够更好地学好汉语。

关键词：国立现代语言大学中文系伊斯兰堡孔子学院汉语教学在巴基斯坦

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Corporate Social Responsibility and Brand Community Engagement:Dual Mediating Roleof Brand and Community Identifications in the Chinese Decor Industry

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2024年第1期17卷 51-72页

作者： moazzam Abbas Zubair Nawaz Andeela Sahar Fatima School of Management Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina Leadership and Management Studies National Defence UniversityIslamabadPakistan School of Applied Psychology Social Work and PolicyUniversiti Utara MalaysiaKedahMalaysia

Despite a plethora of studies on how corporate social responsibility(CSR)generates favorable consumer outcomes,the existing literature provides limited insights about how CSR may affect inter-consumer connection and brand community *** consumer engagement in the brand community is one of the key marketing objectives for strengthening the brand-consumer *** study aims to explore the role of corporate social responsibility in enhancing brand community engagement and examines the dual mediating role of brand identification and community *** research was conducted and an adapted questionnaire was *** data were collected from 405 Chinese consumers,and structural equational modeling was used to test the *** demonstrated that CSR motivates consumers to engage with the brand ***,brand identification and community identification perform the role of partial mediators.

关键词： Corporate social responsibility Community engagement Chinese consumers Brand identification Community identification

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Performance of IEEE 802.15.4 Clusters with Power Management and Key Exchange

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2008年第3期23卷 377-388页

作者： Fereshteh Amini moazzam khan Jelena Mii Hossein Pourreza Department of Computer Science University of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada

The IEEE 802.15.4 specification is a recent low data rate wireless personal area network standard. While basic security services are provided for, there is a lack of more advanced techniques which are indispensable in modern personal area network applications. In addition, performance implications of those services are not known. In this paper, we describe a secure data exchange protocol based on the ZigBee specification and built on top of IEEE 802.15.4 link layer. This protocol includes a key exchange mechanism. We assume that all nodes are applying power management technique based on the constant event sensing reliability required by the coordinator. Power management generates random sleep times by every node which in average fairly distributes the sensing load among the nodes. Key exchange is initiated by a cluster coordinator after some given number of sensing packets have been received by the coordinator. We develop and integrate simulation model of the key exchange and power management technique into the cluster＇s reliable sensing function. We evaluate the impact of security function and its periodicity on cluster performance.

关键词： IEEE 802.15.4 security activity management simulation

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Speech Spoofing Detection in Voice Based Biometric System

Speech Spoofing Detection in Voice Based Biometric System

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作者： moazzam ali Bhutto 华南理工大学

学位级别：硕士

Tracking multiple passwords,PINs,memorable dates,and other authentication details requires remote access to one of the less attractive challenges of *** voice-based verification as a biometric technology for both children and adults can be a good alternative to old memory-based *** voice for authentication may be useful in many application domains,including security,protection,education,communication-based services,and Webbased ***,voice-based biometrics applications are subject to different types of spoofing *** easiest and affordable subversion for a voice spoofing attack is a replay *** a pre-recorded speech sample,replay attack offers a real risk for automatic speaker verification *** countermeasures have been developed *** efforts focus on finding more distinctive features and many new features have been *** types of features namely Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients（MFCC）,Linear Frequency Cepstral Coefficients（LFCCs）,inverted Mel Frequency Cepstral coefficients（IMFCCs）,Constant Q Cepstral Coefficients（CQCCs）,and bottleneck feature were analyzed with the public data sets ASV spoof 2017 and BTAS *** experimental results show that MFCCs and bottleneck features give similar *** of them significantly outperform others（including recently proposed CQCCs）.However,the number of filters and Cepstral bins are essential to the success of *** we used recurrent neural networks for automatic replay spoofing attack detection,we focused on recurrent neural networks with better recurrent units that involve gating mechanism,such as a Long Short Term Memory（LSTM）unit and Gated Recurrent Unit（GRU）.Our results shows that neural networks performed better then GMM on ASV Spoof 2017 and on BTAS 2016 we got best results of GRU models.

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Priorities for research on family planning impact:recommendations of a WHO Think Tank meeting

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2023年第4期11卷 68-70页

作者： moazzam ali James Kiarie Iqbal Shah Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research World Health OrganizationGeneveSwitzerland Global Health and Population Harvard University T H Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA

INTRODUCTION Contraception,a novelty in the 1960s when less than 10%of couples in developing regions1 were using a method has now become a norm in much of the *** 2023,global contracep-tive prevalence of any method was estimated at 65%and of modern methods at 59%.2 With an estimated 748 million women using a modern method,2 no other modern technology has been used voluntarily by so many *** Centers for Disease Control has included family planning among the 10 great public health achievements of the 20th century.3 Yet,close to one in five women continue to have an unmet need for family planning in 20232 and 40%of users discontinue use within 12 months of contraceptive adoption.

关键词： family women continue

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Carbon stocks of different land uses in the Kumrat valley, Hindu Kush Region of Pakistan

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第1期26卷 57-64页

作者： Adnan Ahmad Syed moazzam Nizami Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Arid Agriculture University

Changes in land use cover, particularly from forest to agriculture, is a major contributing factor in increasing carbon dioxide（CO2） level in the *** satellite images of 1999 and 2011, land use and land use changes in the Kumrat valley KPK, Pakistan, were determined： a net decrease of 11.56 and 7.46 % occurred in forest and rangeland, while 100 % increase occurred in agriculture land（AL）. Biomass in different land uses,forest land（FL）, AL, and range land（RL） was determined by field inventory. From the biomass data, the amount of carbon was calculated, considering 50 % of the biomass as carbon. Soil carbon was also determined to a depth of 0–15and 16–30 cm. The average carbon stocks（C stocks） in all land uses ranged from 28.62 ± 13.8 t ha-1in AL to486.6 ± 32.4 t ha-1in pure Cedrus deodara forest. The results of the study confirmed that forest soil and vegetation stored the maximum amount of carbon followed by RL. Conversion of FL and RL to AL not only leads to total loss of about 56 %（from FL conversion） and 37 %（RL conversion） of soil carbon in the last decades but also the loss of a valuable carbon sink. In order to meet the emissions reduction obligations of the Kyoto Protocol, Conservation of forest and RL in the mountainous regions of the Hindu Kush will help Pakistan to meet its emissions reduction goals under the Kyoto Protocol.

关键词： Hindu Kush Kumrat valley Land uses Biomass Carbon stocks

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Molecular Structure of (1-Benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-yl)(4-bromophenyl) methanone: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2014年第12期33卷 1749-1756页

作者： MUHAMMAD Naeem Ahmed IFZAN Arshad WANG Bo SHAHID Hameed BILAL Ahmad khan KHAWAJA Ansar Yasin MUHAMMAD moazzam Naseer Department of Chemistry The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad 13100 Pakistan Department of Chemistry Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University

One-pot three component reaction was used to synthesize 1,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazole(A) from the corresponding acid chloride, benzyl azide and 1-copper(I) phenylethyne. The molecular structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca, a = 14.9815(14), b = 9.6496(10), c = 25.528(2) A, Z = 8. Furthermore, crystal packing demonstrated a molecular wall-like structure based on supramolecular chains of A, stabilized by CH···O, CH···Br, N···C and CH···π interactions. Molecular geometry in the ground state has been determined by density functional theory(DFT) by B3LYP/6-311G* basis set and compared with the experimental data. The computed vibrational frequencies are compared with the experimental FT-IR data and frontier molecular orbital analyses were performed at the same level of theory. Theoretical parameters are in good agreement with the corresponding X-ray diffraction values.

关键词： synthesis 1,2,3-triazole crystal structure molecular packing optimization

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The inventory of the carbon stocks in sub tropical forests of Pakistanfor reporting under Kyoto Protocol

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Journal of Forestry Research 2012年第3期23卷 377-384页

作者： Syed moazzam Nizami Arid Agriculture University RawalpindiPunjab PAKISTAN

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change （UNFCCC） requires reporting net carbon stock changes and anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, including those related to forests. This paper describes the status of carbon stocks in sub tropical forests of Pakistan. There are two major sub types in subtropical forests of Pakistan viz a viz Subtropical Chir Pine and Subtropical broadleaved forests. A network of sample plots was laid out in four selected site. Two sites were selected from sub tropical Chir Pine （Pinus roxburghii） forests and two from Subtropical broadleaved forests. Measurement and data acquisition protocols were developed specifically for the inventory car- ried out from 2005 to 2010. In total 261 plots （each of lha.） were established. Estimation of diameter, basal area, height, volume and biomass was carried out to estimate carbon stocks in each of the four carbon pools of above- and below-ground live biomass. Soil carbon stocks were also determined by doing soil sampling. In mature （-100 years old） pine forest stand at Ghoragali and Lehterar sites, a mean basal area of 30.38 and 26.11 ***-1 represented mean volume of 243 and 197 m3·ha-1, respectively. The average biomass （***-1） was 237 in Ghoragali site and 186 tha-1 in Lehterar site, which is equal to 128 and 100 t·ha-1 including soil C. However, on average basis both the forests have 114.5± 2.26 ***-1 of carbon stock which comprises of 92% in tree biomass and only 8% in the top soils. In mixed broadleaved evergreen forests a mean basal area （***-1）was 3.06 at Kherimurat with stem volume of 12.86 and 2.65 at Sohawa with stem volume of 11.40 ***-1. The average upper and under storey biomass （t·ha-1） was 50.93 in Kherimurat site and 40.43 ***-1 in Sohawa site, which is equal to 31.18 and 24.36 t ·ha-1 including soil C stocks. This study provides a protocol monitoring biomass and carbon stocks and valuable baseline data for in Pakistan＇s managed and unmanaged sub-tropical forests.

关键词： carbon stock models managed and unmanaged subtropical forests above and below ground biomass forest inventory and volume.

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