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Sonographic Evaluation of Obstructive Jaundice

Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2015年第1期5卷 24-29页

作者： moawia Gameraddin Suzan Omer Suliman Salih Suha A. Elsayed Abdalmonem alshaikh Department of Diagnostic Radiologic Technology Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah Saudi Arabia Faculty of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Alzaiem Alazhari University Khartoum Sudan National Cancer Institute University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan

Purpose: This study was done to assess the role of ultrasound in diagnosis of obstructive jaundice and to identify the most common causes and symptoms. Materials and methods: The study took place in different Khartoum clinical centers and hospitals in the period between Jan 2014 and July 2014. A total of 150 patients with obstructive jaundice were examined using ultrasound machine, 3.5 - 7 MHz probe. Results: The study revealed that 65.33 of the study population with obstructive jaundice were female and 34.67% was male. The most common affected groups were 46 - 65 years old and 25 - 45 years old. The common causes of obstructive jaundice were biliary stones (61.33%) which were common in females and abdominal masses (32.67%) which were common in females, too. Nausea, yellowish discoloration and abdominal pain were the most common symptoms (98%, 97.33% and 96.67% respectively). The causes of obstructive jaundice showed significant difference between males and females (P-value = 0.002). Conclusion: Ultrasound was superior diagnostic tool in detecting and assessing biliary system obstruction, because it was easy, available, accurate and noninvasive. The ageing and gender were considered as risk factors of obstructive jaundice.

关键词： Sonography Evaluation Obstructive Jaundice

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Production of Biodiesel from Cottonseed Oil over Aminated Flax Fibres Catalyst: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Behaviour and Biodiesel Properties

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2019年第4期9卷 281-298页

作者： Rihab Musaad moawia Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef Nor Hasimah Mohamed Adnan Ripin Hamdy Farag School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai Malaysia Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Seri Iskandar Malaysia Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Radiation Processing Technology Division Malaysian Nuclear Agency Kajang Malaysia Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt Department of Material Process Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan

The transesterification of cottonseed oil in the presence of methanol to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) using flax-based fibres catalyst modified with an alkaline moiety was studied. The catalyst was prepared by radiation induced grafting (RIG) of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto dignified flax fibres followed by amination with diethylamine (DEA) and treatment with NaOH solution. A maximum FAME conversion of 88.6% was obtained at 60°;C with a catalyst dosage of 2.5 wt%, an oil/methanol ratio of 1:33 and a time of 2 h. The biodiesel quality was verified by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Kinetic analysis showed a reaction activation energy of 69.33 kJ·molˉ1 and a rate constant of 0.00349 minˉ1 indicating that the catalytic reaction was kinetically controlled. Thermodynamic analyses revealed that the reaction was reversible, non-spontaneous and endothermic with an enthalpy of 66.62 kJ·molˉ1. The obtained biodiesel showed physical and chemical characteristics complying with ASTM D6751. It can be concluded that the alkaline biopolymer catalyst prepared in the present study is a promising green candidate for biodiesel production.

关键词： Biodiesel Production Radiation Grafted Basic Flax Fibres Catalyst Cottonseed Oil Transesterification Kinetics and Thermodynamics Radiation Induced Grafting

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Adherence to Preventive Measures during the COVID-19 Pandemic among University Students in Sudan

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2023年第4期13卷 408-426页

作者： Einas Mustafa Mudawi Ahmed Sahar moawia Balla Elnour Sozan M. Abdelkhalig Tayseer Abdelmotalib Ahmed Taha Sulafa Abdelbagi Mustafa Ahmed Jalal Abdelrasool Hassan Eltaib Najad G. Mustafa Samar moawia Balla Elnour Obstetrics and Gynaecology Najran University Najran Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Family Medicine Department Sudan Medical Specialization Board Khartoum Sudan Mircobiology Almaarefa University Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Family Medicine Sudanese Ministry of Health Khartoum Sudan Family Medicine Makkah Polyclinic Makkah Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Inventors Academy Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Family Medicine Dhaman Health Assurance Hospitals Kuwait City Kuwait

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019, otherwise known as COVID-19, emerged in December of 2019. COVID-19 spreads through an airborne transmission route. Preventive measures were described to help decrease the spread of COVID-19 worldwide. There were a number of preventive measures that were globally adopted: social distance of at least 1 meter, mask wearing, washing hands for 20 seconds, and covering the mouth and nose if the person sneezes or coughs. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study among 362 students from the International University of Africa, Sudan, was carried out between August 2021 and September 2022. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26 was used for data analysis;frequency and percentage were used to describe the qualitative variables. A chi-square test was used for association analysis;a P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among study participants, the females were 70.9%;most were 20 - 23 years old (73.6%). 54.2% were vaccinated against COVID-19;83.6% had good knowledge regarding the mode of transmission, and 76.1% stayed in during quarantine. 80.6% of participants understood social distancing correctly. 76.1% of males and 45.1% of females started or completed vaccination (P ≤ 0.05). 51.4% of males and 81.3% of females adhered to preventive measures (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: It is important to target health education campaigns and interventions to improve adherence to preventive measures among university students. although the pandemic is coming to an end, a lesson should be learned from it, and future preparation should be employed.

关键词： Sudan COVID-19 Preventive Measures Adherence

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Sonographic findings in renal parenchymal diseases at Sudanese

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Open Journal of Radiology 2015年第4期5卷 243-249页

作者： Awadia Gareeballah moawia Gameraddin Hago Mustafa Sultan alshabi Fath Elerahman alagab Jumaa Tamboul Suliman Salih Faculty of Radiological sciences and Medical Imaging Alzaeim Alazhari University Khartoum Sudan Department of Diagnostic Radiologic Technology Taibah University Madinah Saudi Arabia National Cancer Institute University of Gezira Wad Medani Sudan

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the sonographic findings in renal parenchymal diseases using gray-scale ultrasound in order to classify these diseases. The study design was a cross-sectional one. There were 204 patients who were suspected with renal diseases. They had been scanned with ultrasound to assess the kidneys. The echogenicity, renal cortex and paren-chyma, and cortico-medullary differentiation had been evaluated. Results: The study revealed that the echogenicity of renal parenchyma and cortex increased in all types of renal parenchymal diseases. The cortico-medullary differentiation was mainly disturbed in acute parenchymal disease (69.04%), loss in chronic end-stage parenchymal disease (85%);and there was significant difference (p-value = 0.0001). Conclusion: Ultrasound provided useful and accurate diagnosis of renal parenchymal diseases. In this study, renal parenchymal diseases had been classified into acute, chronic and end-stage renal parenchymal diseases.

关键词： Renal Parenchymal Diseases Sonographic Findings Sudanese

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