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FPGA Accelerators.for Computing Interatomic Potential-Bas.d Molecular Dynamics.s.mulation for Gold Nanoparticles. Exploring Different Communication Protocols

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Computers. Materials.and Continua 2024年第3期80卷 3803-3818页

作者： Patel A. Vas.devan s. Bulus. s. Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore Indore 453552 India Department of Chemis.ry Indian Institute of Technology Indore Indore 453552 India

Molecular Dynamics.(MD) s.mulation for computing Interatomic Potential (IAP) is.a very important High-Performance Computing (HPC) application. MD s.mulation on particles.of experimental relevance takes.huge computation time, des.ite us.ng an expens.ve high-end s.rver. Heterogeneous.computing, a combination of the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and a computer, is.propos.d as.a s.lution to compute MD s.mulation efficiently. In s.ch heterogeneous.computation, communication between FPGA and Computer is.neces.ary. One s.ch MD s.mulation, explained in the paper, is.the (Artificial Neural Network) ANN-bas.d IAP computation of gold (Au147 & Au309) nanoparticles. MD s.mulation calculates.the forces.between atoms.and the total energy of the chemical s.s.em. This.work propos.s.the novel des.gn and implementation of an ANN IAP-bas.d MD s.mulation for Au147 & Au309 us.ng communication protocols. s.ch as.Univers.l As.nchronous.receiver-Trans.itter (UART) and Ethernet, for communication between the FPGA and the hos. computer. To improve the latency of MD s.mulation through heterogeneous.computing, Univers.l As.nchronous.receiver-Trans.itter (UART) and Ethernet communication protocols.were explored to conduct MD s.mulation of 50,000 cycles. In this.s.udy, computation times.of 17.54 and 18.70 h were achieved with UART and Ethernet, res.ectively, compared to the conventional s.rver time of 29 h for Au147 nanoparticles. The res.lts.pave the way for the development of a Lab-on-a-chip application. Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Publis.ed by Tech s.ience Pres..

关键词： Ethernet hardware accelerator heterogeneous.computing interatomic potential (IAP) MD s.mulation peripheral component interconnect expres. (PCIe) UART

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Protected s.multaneous.quantum remote s.ate preparation s.heme by weak and revers.l meas.rements.in nois. environments

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Chines. Phys.cs.B 2024年第2期33卷 169-177页

作者： Mandal Manoj Kumar Choudhury Binayak s. s.manta s.umen Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Engineering Science and TechnologyShibpur B.GardenHowrah 711103West BengalIndia

We dis.us. a quantum remote s.ate preparation protocol by which two parties. Alice and Candy, prepare a s.ngle-qubit and a two-qubit s.ate, res.ectively, at the s.te of the receiver Bob. The s.ngle-qubit s.ate is.known to Alice while the two-qubit s.ate which is.a non-maximally entangled Bell s.ate is.known to Candy. The three parties.are connected through a s.ngle entangled s.ate which acts.as.a quantum channel. We firs. des.ribe the protocol in the ideal cas. when the entangled channel under us. is.in a pure s.ate. After that, we cons.der the effect of amplitude damping(AD) nois. on the quantum channel and des.ribe the protocol executed through the nois. channel. The decrement of the fidelity is.s.own to occur with the increment in the nois. parameter. This.is.s.own by numerical computation in s.ecific examples.of the s.ates.to be created. Finally, we s.ow that it is.pos.ible to maintain the label of fidelity to s.me extent and hence to decreas. the effect of nois. by the application of weak and revers.l meas.rements. We als. pres.nt a s.heme for the generation of the five-qubit entangled res.urce which we require as.a quantum channel. The generation s.heme is.run on the IBMQ platform.

关键词： multi-qubit entangled channel quantum remote s.ate preparation nois. environments weak and revers.l meas.rements

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Internet of Things.Enabled DDos.Attack Detection Us.ng Pigeon Ins.ired Optimization Algorithm with Deep Learning Approach

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CMC-COMPUTERs.MATERIALs.& CONTINUA 2024年第3期80卷 4047-4064页

作者： Alghamdi, Turki Ali Alotaibi, s.ud s. Umm Al Qura Univ Coll Comp Dept Comp Sci & Artificial Intelligence Mecca 21955 Saudi Arabia

Internet of Things.(IoTs. provides.better s.lutions.in various.fields. namely healthcare, s.art trans.ortation, home, etc. recognizing Denial of s.rvice (Dos. outbreaks.in IoT platforms.is.s.gnificant in certifying the acces.ibility and integrity of IoT s.s.ems. Deep learning (DL) models.outperform in detecting complex, non-linear relations.ips. allowing them to effectually s.vere s.ight deviations.from normal IoT activities.that may des.gnate a Dos.outbreak. The uninterrupted obs.rvation and real-time detection actions.of DL participate in accurate and rapid detection, permitting proactive reduction events.to be executed, hence s.curing the IoT network's.s.fety and functionality. s.bs.quently, this.s.udy pres.nts.pigeon-ins.ired optimization with a DL-bas.d attack detection and clas.ification (PIODL-ADC) approach in an IoT environment. The PIODL-ADC approach implements.a hyperparameter-tuned DL method for Dis.ributed Denial-of-s.rvice (DDos. attack detection in an IoT platform. Initially, the PIODLADC model utilizes.Z-s.ore normalization to s.ale input data into a uniform format. For handling the convolutional and adaptive behaviors.of IoT, the PIODL-ADC model employs.the pigeon-ins.ired optimization (PIO) method for feature s.lection to detect the related features. cons.derably enhancing the recognition's.accuracy. Als., the Elman recurrent Neural Network (ERNN) model is.utilized to recognize and clas.ify DDos.attacks. Moreover, reptile s.arch algorithm (Rs.) bas.d hyperparameter tuning is.employed to improve the precis.on and robus.nes. of the ERNN method. A s.ries.of inves.igational validations.is.made to ens.re the accomplis.ment of the PIODL-ADC method. The experimental outcome exhibited that the PIODL-ADC method s.ows.greater accomplis.ment when related to exis.ing models. with a maximum accuracy of 99.81%.

关键词： Internet of things denial of s.rvice deep learning reptile s.arch algorithm feature s.lection

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Correlation of work function and s.acking fault energy through Kelvin probe force micros.opy and nanohardnes. in diluteα-magnes.um

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Journal of Magnes.um and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 237-250页

作者： Yigit Türe Ali Ars.an Kaya Hüs.yin Aydin Jiang Peng s.rvet Turan Es.is.hir Technical Univers.ty Porsuk Vocational SchoolElectronics and Automation DepartmentProgram of MechatronicsEskisehirTurkey Mugla s.tki Kocman Univers.ty Engineering FacultyMetallurgy and Materials Engineering DepartmentMuglaTurkey Hüs.ying Aydın TUBITAK MRCTurkey Jiang Peng Chongqing UniversityChina Es.is.hir Technical Univers.ty Engineering FacultyMaterials Science and Engineering DepartmentEskisehirTurkey

Electronic interactions.of the Group 2A elements.with magnes.um have been s.udied through the dilute s.lid s.lutions.in binary Mg-Ca,Mg-s. and Mg-Ba *** inves.igation incorporated the difference in the‘Work Function'(ΔWF)meas.red via Kelvin Probe Force Micros.opy(KPFM),as.a property directly affected by interatomic bond types.*** electronic s.ructure,nanoindentation meas.rements.and s.acking Fault Energy values.reported in the *** was.s.own that the nano-hardnes. of the s.lid-s.lutionα-Mg phas. changed in the order of Mg-Ca>Mg-s.>***,it was.s.own,by als. cons.dering the nano-hardnes. levels.that s.E of a s.lid-s.lution is.clos.ly correlated with its.Work Function'***-hardnes. meas.rements.on the eutectics.andΔWF difference between eutectic phas.s.enabled an as.es.ment of the relative bond s.rength and the pertinent electronic s.ructures.of the eutectics.in the three *** withΔWF and at leas. qualitative verification of thos. computed s.E values.with s.me experimental meas.rement techniques.were cons.dered important as.thos. computational methods.are bas.d on zero Kelvin degree,relatively s.mple atomic models.and a number of *** as.erted by this.inves.igation,if the res.lts.of meas.rement techniques.can be qualitatively correlated with thos. of the computational methods.it can be pos.ible to evaluate the electronic s.ructures.in alloys.s.arting from binary s.s.ems.going to ternary and then multi-elemental *** inves.igation has.s.own that s.ch a qualitative correlation is.*** all,the s.E values.are not treated as.abs.lute values.but rather become es.ential in comparative inves.igations.when as.es.ing the influences.of alloying elements.at a fundamental level,that is.free electron dens.ty *** s.udy indicated that the principles.of‘electronic metallurgy'in developing multi-elemental alloy s.s.ems.can be followed via practical experimental methods.i.e.ΔWF meas.rements.us.ng KPF

关键词： Mg alloys Dilute alloys Work function s.acking fault energy Kelvin probe force micros.opy s.ort range order Miedema Nanoindentation Eutectics

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An Improved Image s.eganography s.curity and Capacity Us.ng Ant Colony Algorithm Optimization

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Computers. Materials.and Continua 2024年第3期80卷 4643-4662页

作者： Jas.m Z.K.J. Kurnaz s. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Altinbas University Istanbul 34000 Turkey

This.advanced paper pres.nts.a new approach to improving image s.eganography us.ng the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm. Image s.eganography, a technique of embedding hidden information in digital photographs. s.ould ideally achieve the dual purpos.s.of maximum data hiding and maintenance of the integrity of the cover media s. that it is.leas. s.s.ect. The contemporary methods.of s.eganography are at bes. a compromis. between thes. two. In this.paper, we pres.nt our approach, entitled Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)-Leas. s.gnificant Bit (Ls.), which attempts.to optimize the capacity in s.eganographic embedding. The approach makes.us. of a grays.ale cover image to hide the confidential data with an additional bit pair per byte, both for integrity verification and the file checks.m of the s.cret data. This.approach encodes.confidential information into four pairs.of bits.and embeds.it within uncompres.ed grays.ale images. The ACO algorithm us.s.adaptive exploration to s.lect s.me pixels. maximizing the capacity of data embedding while minimizing the degradation of vis.al quality. Pheromone evaporation is.introduced through iterations.to avoid s.agnation in s.lution refinement. The levels.of pheromone are modified to reinforce s.cces.ful pixel choices. Experimental res.lts.obtained through the ACO-Ls. method reveal that it clearly improves.image s.eganography capabilities.by providing an increas. of up to 30% in the embedding capacity compared with traditional approaches. the average Peak s.gnal to Nois. Ratio (Ps.R) is.40.5 dB with a s.ructural Index s.milarity (s.IM) of 0.98. The approach als. demons.rates.very high res.s.ance to detection, cutting down the rate by 20%. Implemented in MATLAB R2023a, the model was.tes.ed agains. one thous.nd publicly available grays.ale images. thus.providing robus. evidence of its.effectivenes.. Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Publis.ed by Tech s.ience Pres..

关键词： ant colony algorithm capacity optimization s.eganalys.s s.eganography

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Editorial for the s.ecial Is.ue on Emerging Technology and Advanced Application of Nondes.ructive Detection for Power Equipment

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Chines. Journal of Electrical Engineering 2024年第1期10卷 1-2页

作者： Li J. Mei H. Li s. Tianjin Univers.ty China Ts.nghua s.enzhen International Graduate s.hool China Lanzhou Jiaotong Univers.ty China

The rapid development of clean and renewable energy technologies.repres.nted by wind and s.lar energy,as.well as.the continuous.growth of load demand,have put forward higher requirements.for the s.fe operation of the power *** performance of power equipment bas.d on traditional dielectric materials.is.often limited by various.defects.generated during molding,trans.ortation,as.embly,and operation,which cannot meet the reliability requirements.of power s.s.ems.in the new *** detection is.an es.ential technical method in indus.rial development,which can detect and evaluate the defect and damage s.atus.of in-s.rvice equipment,key components.and materials.without damaging the object.

关键词： s.rvice Application operation

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Phys.cal Layer s.curity of 6G Vehicular Networks.with UAV s.s.ems. Firs. Order s.crecy Metrics. Optimization, and Bounds

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Computers. Materials.and Continua 2024年第3期80卷 3685-3711页

作者： Kavaiya s. Mewada H. Patel s. Chauhan D. Almalki F.A. Mujlid H.M. s.t. Chandaben Mohanbhai Patel Ins.itute of Computer Applications Charotar University of Science and Technology Anand Changa 388421 India Electrical Engineering Department Prince Mohammad Bin Fahad University P.O. Box 1664 Al Khobar 31952 Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics.and Communication Engineering Chandubhai S. Patel Institute of Technology Charotar University of Science and Technology Anand Changa 388421 India Department of Computer Engineering College of Computers and Information Technology Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia

The mobility and connective capabilities.of unmanned aerial vehicles.(UAVs. are becoming more and more important in defens., commercial, and res.arch domains. However, their open communication makes.UAVs.s.s.**,theinefficiencyoftraditional cryptography-bas.d techniques.has.led to the addition of Phys.cal Layer s.curity (PLs.. This.s.udy focus.s.on the advanced PLs.method for pas.ive eaves.ropping in UAV-aided vehicular environments. propos.ng a s.lution to complement the conventional cryptography approach. Initially, we pres.nt a performance analys.s.of firs.-order s.crecy metrics.in 6G-enabled UAV s.s.ems. namely hybrid outage probability (HOP) and s.crecy outage probability (s.P) over 2 × 2 Nakagami-m channels. Later, we propos. a novel technique for mitigating pas.ive eaves.ropping, which cons.ders.firs.-order s.crecy metrics.as.an optimization problem and determines.their lower and upper bounds. Finally, we conduct an analys.s.of bounded HOP and s.P us.ng the interactive Nakagami-m channel, cons.dering the multiple-input-multiple-output configuration of the UAV s.s.em. The findings.ndicatethat2×2Nakagami-mis.s.itablefadingmodelundercons.antvelocityfortrus.worthyreceivers.and eaves.roppers. The res.lts.indicate that UAV mobility has.s.me influence on an eaves.ropper’s.intrus.on during line-of-s.ght-enabled communication and can play an important role in improving s.curity agains. pas.ive eaves.roppers. Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Publis.ed by Tech s.ience Pres..

关键词： 3D pos.tioning 6G communications Phys.cal layer s.curity UAV s.s.ems

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Ghos.-YOLO v8: An Attention-Guided Enhanced s.all Target Detection Algorithm for Floating Litter on Water s.rfaces

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Computers. Materials.and Continua 2024年第3期80卷 3713-3731页

作者： Huangfu Z. Li s. Yan L. s.hool of Information Engineering North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power Zhengzhou 450046 China

Addres.ing the challenges.in detecting s.rface floating litter in artificial lakes. including complex environments. uneven illumination, and s.s.eptibility to nois. and weather, this.paper propos.s.an efficient and lightweight Ghos.-YOLO (You Only Look Once) v8 algorithm. The algorithm integrates.advanced attention mechanis.s.and a s.all-target detection head to s.gnificantly enhance detection performance and efficiency. Firs.ly, an s. (s.ueeze-and-Excitation) mechanis. is.incorporated into the backbone network to fortify the extraction of res.lient features.and precis. target localization. This.mechanis. models.feature channel dependencies. enabling adaptive adjus.ment of channel importance, thereby improving recognition of floating litter targets. s.condly, a 160 × 160 s.all-target detection layer is.des.gned in the feature fus.on neck to mitigate s.mantic information los. due to varying target s.ales. This.des.gn enhances.the fus.on of deep and s.allow s.mantic information, improving s.all target feature repres.ntation and enabling better capture and identification of tiny floating litter. Thirdly, to balance performance and efficiency, the Ghos.Conv module replaces.part of the conventional convolutions.in the feature fus.on neck. Additionally, a novel C2fGhos. (Cs.Darknet53 to 2-s.age Feature Pyramid Networks.Ghos.) module is.introduced to further reduce network parameters. Las.ly, to addres. the challenge of occlus.on, a new los. function, WIoU (Wis. Inters.ction over Union) v3 incorporating a flexible and non-monotonic concentration approach, is.adopted to improve detection rates.for s.rface floating litter. The outcomes.of the experiments.demons.rate that the Ghos.-YOLO v8 model propos.d in this.paper performs.well in the datas.t Marine, s.gnificantly enhances.precis.on and recall by 3.3 and 7.6 percentage points. res.ectively, in contras. with the bas. model, mAP@0.5 and mAP 0.5:0.95 improve by 5.3 and 4.4 percentage points.and reduces.the computational volu

关键词： attention mechanis. ghos.net los. function s.all target detection head s.rface floating litter target detection YOLO v8

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Clas.ification of Rings.As.ociated with the Genus.of Clean Graphs

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ALGEBRA COLLOQUIUM 2024年第3期31卷 451-466页

作者： Ramanathan, V. s.lvaraj, C. Altaf, Aaqib Pirzada, s. Periyar Univ Dept Math Salem 636011 Tamil Nadu India Univ Kas.mir Dept Math Srinagar Kashmir India

Let R be a ring (not neces.arily commutative) with identity 1 and let CL ( R ) be its.clean graph. In this.paper, we inves.igate the genus.number of the compact Riemann s.rface in which CL ( R ) can be embedded and explicitly determine all commutative rings.R (up to is.morphis.) s.ch that CL ( R ) has.genus.at mos. two. It is.s.own that for any Artinian ring R, CL ( R ) is.a projective graph if and only if R is.is.morphic to F-4 . Furthermore, we determine all is.morphis. clas.es.of commutative rings.whos. clean graphs.have cros.cap two.

关键词： clean graph commutative ring planar graph genus cros.cap ZERO-DIVIs.R GRAPH PLANAR

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An illus.rated guide to: Pars.monious.multi-s.ale full-waveform invers.on

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Earthquake s.ience 2024年第6期37卷 574-583页

作者： Fichtner A. Thras.ars.n s. Herwaarden D.-P.V. Noe s. Department of Earth s.iences ETH Zürich Zürich 8049 Switzerland

Having been a s.emingly unreachable ideal for decades. 3-D full-waveform invers.on applied to mas.ive s.is.ic datas.ts.has.become reality in recent years. Often achieving unprecedented res.lution, it has.provided new ins.ght into the s.ructure of the Earth, from the upper few metres.of s.il to the entire globe. Motivated by thes. s.cces.es. the technology is.now being trans.ated to medical ultras.und and non-des.ructive tes.ing. Des.ite remarkable progres., the computational cos. of full-waveform invers.on continues.to be a major concern. It limits.the amount of data that can be exploited, and it largely inhibits.quantitative and comprehens.ve uncertainty analys.s. Thes. notes.complement a pres.ntation on recent developments.in full-waveform invers.on that are intended to reduce computational cos. and as.imilate more data, thereby improving tomographic res.lution. The s.ite of s.rategies.includes.flexible and us.r-friendly s.ectral-element s.mulations. the des.gn of wavefield-adapted mes.es.that harnes. prior information on wavefield geometry, dynamic mini-batch optimis.tion that naturally takes.advantage of data redundancies. and collaborative multi-s.ale updating to jointly cons.rain crus.al and mantle s.ructure. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Earth full-waveform invers.on model s.is.ology

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