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Energy and AI 2022年第2期8卷 100-115页

作者： Zachary Williams Ahmed Moiz Khanh Cung Mike Smith Thomas Briggs Christopher Bitsis Jason miwa Southwest Research Institute United States

Injector configuration and spray characteristics are important parameters that define diesel combustion and emissions performance. One of the critical spray inputs is the Rate-of-Injection (ROI) profile. The ROI profile depends on the spray’s operating conditions, including nozzle geometry (e.g., nozzle diameter), injection pressure, and injection duration. Besides, the internal nozzle flow phenomenon and external ambient conditions can further impact fuel introduction characteristics. This study measured the ROI profile of a heavy-duty (multi-hole) diesel injector using the Bosch tube technique. Injection pressure and injection duration were varied from 600 to 2600 bar and 0.5–3.0 ms, respectively. After post-processing, measurement data were then used to train numerical models, including a developed machine learning (ML) model that can create very similar ROI profiles with experimental data. Next, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation used the ROI profile generated by ML model. For comparison, there are other simplified ROI profiles used in similar CFD simulation configuration. Results showed that the any difference in ROI profiles could affect the combustion and emissions significantly. This further emphasizes the need to provide high-fidelity spray input in terms of ROI profile for CFD simulation. The current ML model can deliver a realistic ROI profile for any given rail pressure and injection duration.

关键词： Rate of Injection Diesel injector Machine learning CFD

Examining unobserved factors associated with red light running in Vietnam:A latent class model analysis

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Transportation Safety and Environment 2022年第1期4卷 110-122页

作者： Tien Dung Chu Tomio miwa Tuan Anh Bui Quang Phuc Nguyen Quang Huy Vu Department of Highway and Traffic Engineering University of Transport and CommunicationsNo.3 Cau Giay StreetLang Thuong WardDong Da DistrictHanoi 10001Vietnam Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability Nagoya UniversityFuro-choChikusa-kuNagoya cityAichi Prefecture464-8603Japan

Red-light running(RLR)is a crucial violation that causes traffic accidents and *** factors that affect RLR is very significant to reduce the potential of this *** studies have paid considerable attention to the observable factors,but not to unobservable *** study aims to examine the effects of observable and unobservable factors on *** study uses a latent class model(LCM)to assign individuals into two classes—red-light-respectful and red-light-disrespectful road users—by surveying 751 respondents who use private transportation *** study incorporates psychological determinants into the LCM to account for unobservable *** contribution of this study is the in-depth investigation into law-respectful and law-disrespectful behaviours and intentional and unintentional *** a study has not yet been conducted in the existing *** addition,a comprehensive comparison of the LCM and a traditional ordered probit model was ***,the results suggest that the LCM is superior to the model that does not consider latent *** estimation results are in alignment with previous studies on RLR:males,younger drivers/riders,less educated road users and motorcyclists are more likely to run red *** analysis of the latent variables shows that surrounding conditions—the behaviour of other violators,the absence of traffic police,and long waiting times—increase the possibility of *** on these results,we provide suggestions to policymakers and traffic engineers:the implementation of enforcement cameras and penalties for violators are critical countermeasures to minimize the potential of RLR.

关键词： red light running(RLR) developing country latent class model(LCM) multiple indicator multiple cause(MIMIC)model latent variables(LVs) motorcycles(MCs) traffic violation

Establishment and characterization of an opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma cell line (KKU-100)

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第22期11卷 3392-3397页

作者： Banchob Sripa Saman Leungwattanawanit Takayuki Nitta Chaisiri Wongkham Vajarabhongsa Bhudhisawasdi Anucha Puapairoj Chongrak Sripa Masanao miwa Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand Institute of Basic Medical Science University of Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8575 Tsukuba Japan Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand Puapairoj Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand

AM: To establish and characterize a new cholangiocarcinoma cell line from a patient living in the Opisthorchis viverrini (O. viverrini) endemic area of Northeast Thailand. METHODS: Fresh liver biopsy and bile specimens were obtained from a 65-year-old Thai woman with cholangiocarcinoma of the ports hepatis. After digestion, the cells were cultured in Ham's F12 media. The established cell line was then characterized for growth kinetics, cell morphology, imm-unocytochemistry and cytogenetics. Tumorigenicity of the cell line was determined by heterotransplanting in nude mice. RESULTS: The primary tumor was a poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. Examination of the bile revealed malignant cells with O. viverrin eggs. The cholangiocarcinoma cell line KKU-100 was established 4 mo after the primary culture-population doubling time was 72 h. KKU-100 possesses compact and polygonal-shaped epithelial cells. Immunocytochemically, this cell line exhibited cytokeratin, EMA, CEA, and CA125, but not a-fetoprotein (AFP), CA19-9, desmin, c-met, or p53. Such protein expressions parallel those of the primary tumor. Cytogenetic analysis identified aneuploidy karyotypes with a modal chromosome number of 78 and marked chromosomal structural changes. Inoculation of KKU-100 cells into nude mice produced a transplantable, poorly differentiated aden-ocarcinoma, similar to the original tumor. CONCLUSION: KKU-100 is the first egg-proven, Opisthorchis- associated cholangiocarcinoma cell line, which should prove useful for further investigations of the tumor biology of this cancer.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Cell line Establishment Characterization Opisthorchiasis

Another “Complementarity” in Sino-Australian Security Cooperation

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Contemporary International Relations 2011年第3期21卷 76-102页

作者： miwa Hirono Centre for International Crisis Management and Conflict Resolution School of Politics and International Relationsthe University of Nottingham RCUK Research Fellow

This paper examines how China has played a "responsible" role in international humanitarian post-disaster assistance by taking the example of China's assistance to post-tsunami Aceh,and explores policy implications with regard to future Sino-Australian security *** and Australia took inconsistent approaches to assistance in Aceh,which derived from their different understandings of international "responsibility".However,the inconsistencies do not necessarily hamper cooperation between the ***,it is because of these inconsistent approaches that the two countries’ cooperation can develop into comprehensive and multifaceted *** key to successful cooperation between the two countries,this paper argues,is the notion of "complementarity".In policy documents on bilateral relations,Chinese and Australian policymakers emphasize the "economic complementarity" between the two,but this "complementarity" is also useful when the two explore the way in which they will cooperate on security *** example of this complementary approach with regard to assistance for Aceh is the Australian effort to promote stability in both tsunami and non-tsunami affected areas,and Chinese economic investment in Aceh,in keeping with the Acehnese local expectations of long-term economic development and more employment opportunities,which are the foundation stones of *** these efforts are not consistent,they are highly complementary to each other,and have great potential to encourage peace and stability in Aceh.

关键词：安全问题合作互补澳大利亚经济发展人道主义经济投资就业机会

Identification of activity stop locations in GPS trajectories by density-based clustering method combined with support vector machines

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Journal of Modern Transportation 2015年第3期23卷 202-213页

作者： Lei Gong Hitomi Sato Toshiyuki Yamamoto Tomio miwa Takayuki Morikawa Department of Civil Engineering Nagoya University Institute of Innovation for Future Society Nagoya University EcoTopia Science Institute Nagoya University

The identification of activity locations in con- tinuous GPS trajectories is an essential preliminary step in obtaining person trip data and for activity-based trans- portation demand forecasting. In this research, a two-step methodology for identifying activity stop locations is pro- posed. In the first step, an improved density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise （DBSCAN） algorithm identifies stop points and moving points; then in the second step, the support vector machines （SVMs） method distin- guishes activity stops from non-activity stops among the identified stop points. A time sequence constraint and a direction change constraint are applied as improvements to DBSCAN （yielding an improved algorithm known as C-DBSCAN）. Then three major features are extracted for use in the SVMs method： stop duration, mean distance to the centroid of a cluster of points at a stop location, and the shorter of distances from current location to home and to the workplace. The proposed methodology was tested using GPS data collected from mobile phones in the Nagoya area of Japan. The C-DBSCAN algorithm achieves an accuracy of 90 % in identifying stop points in the first step, while the SVMs method is 96 % accurate in distin- guishing the locations of activity stops from non-activity stops in the second step. Compared to other variants of DBSCAN used to identify activity locations from GPS trajectories, this two-step method is generally superior.

关键词： Activity Stop · Non-activity stop · Stopidentification · DBSCAN· Support vector machines

The effects of ethical dilemmas regarding the use of physical restraints in eldercare on female nurses who care for their relatives in Japan

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Open Journal of Nursing 2012年第2期2卷 34-35页

作者： miwa Yamamoto Department of Nursing Kyoto Koka Women’s University Kyoto Japan

Purpose: This study sought to clarify the relationship between a nurse’s exposure to elderly relatives and their perspective in using restraints on the elderly in health care situations. Methods: We approached nursing staff supervisors at 17 general hospital wards and explained the objectives of the study. Supervisors at 14 hospitals agreed to participate, giving us a sampling pool of 1929 nurses. We used a chi square test to compare nurses who had spent time with elderly relatives and those who had not on several variables related to using restraints on elderly patients. Results and Conclusion: This study found that nurses who live with elderly family members were significantly more likely to believe that restraints cause diseases (including chronic diseases) based on a chi square test (p < 0.05). Therefore it would be important that essential was the experiences of individuals with elderly family members when making programs of decreasing nurse’s dilemma to restraining the elderly.

关键词： Ethical Dilemmas Restraints Female Nurses Care for Their Relatives

Dilemmas Faced by Nurses Regarding the Physical Restraint of Elderly Patients with Dementia in Japan

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2011年第5期2卷 599-603页

作者： miwa Yamamoto 不详

This study aimed to clarify the dilemma of nurses working in general wards who face the ethical dilemma of restraining older people with dementia in Midwestern Japan. The study used the questionnaire method with an independently prepared questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to ensure privacy and anonymity. The privacy and anonymity of study participants was assured. Of the 340 survey questionnaires distributed, 291 (85.6%) completed surveys were eligible number (12 additional surveys were returned without answers). An explanatory factor analysis revealed four dilemma factors among 15 items investigated (KMO value 0.84). These were: factor 1: “Execution of treatment and security,” α = 0.91;factor 2: “approach in the nursing of older people with dementia,” α = 0.93;factor 3: “A cooperative relationship in nursing of older people with dementia,” α = 0.87;and factor 4: “Priorities in nursing,” α = 0.81. The cumulative contribution ratio was 79.1%. We suggest that the program would enable nurses to cope with these dilemmas.

关键词： Dilemma Physical Restraint Elderly patients Dementia Nurse

城际高速公路自动货车车道的影响:基于混合仿真器的研究(英文)

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交通运输系统工程与信息 2011年第3期11卷 32-42页

作者： SUN Xun miwa Tomio MORIKAWA Takayuki 名古屋大学环境学研究科名古屋464-8603日本名古屋大学EcoTopia科学研究所名古屋464-8603日本

自动货车车道(ATL)是一项缓解城际高速公路货车比例偏高问题的下一代物流技术.本文提出了一种微观-中观混合交通仿真器,用于精确评估在大规模公路网上引入自动货车车道所引起的交通流变化,并设计集成框架以确保路径选择与微观-中观仿真... 详细信息

自动货车车道(ATL)是一项缓解城际高速公路货车比例偏高问题的下一代物流技术.本文提出了一种微观-中观混合交通仿真器,用于精确评估在大规模公路网上引入自动货车车道所引起的交通流变化,并设计集成框架以确保路径选择与微观-中观仿真器校核的一致性,使用扩展后的微观车辆跟驰模型和车道变换模型反映轿车与货车之间的相互作用.通过3个仿真案例评价自动货车车道对交通流、货车比例、旅行时间及总旅行时间节省的影响.最后,使用混合仿真器分析道路的安全性和交通事故对旅行时间的影响.仿真结果表明:引入自动货车车道改变了New Tomei-Meishin高速公路及该路网中其它高速公路的交通量,缩短了旅行时间,提高了安全性.应在大范围公路网络中分析自动货车车道系统,从而获得更精确的评价.

关键词：公路运输自动货车车道混合仿真器大范围公路网络城际高速公路

Culturally Sensitive Medical Care and Nursing Support: A Study of the Concerns of Foreign Visitors to Japan

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Open Journal of Nursing 2019年第3期9卷 329-346页

作者： Yuki Murase miwa Yamamoto Graduate school of Medical Sciences Tottori University Yonago Japan Department of Adult and Elderly Nursing School of Health Science Tottori University Faculty of Medicine Yonago Japan

Background: Considering the development of international transportation in modern societies, nursing care needs to be sensitive to the cultures and customs of patients from other countries. The purpose of this study is to determine, from the perspective of culturally sensitive nursing support, the cultural practices that foreigners consider important when they visit a Japanese hospital for check-ups or hospitalization. Methods: A survey was completed by 110 foreign participants at a shrine in Kyoto City. The purpose of the survey was to evaluate the concerns of foreign visitors regarding Japanese medical providers, caused by cultural differences such as customs of daily life. The statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics as well as cross-tabulation, chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: After grouping participants by continent, the top concerns observed in all groups about visiting a Japanese hospital were accessibility to and cost of medical care. First, as for medical facilities, participants from North and South America (North and South American) and Europe (Europeans) were significantly more concerned than those in Asia (Asians) (P P P P P Conclusion: Nurses need opportunities to learn and understand differences in cultures. If nurses have opportunities to learn cultural differences as well as to experience caring for foreign patients, their competencies in culturally sensitive nursing support will improve over time. It can be said that this is an issue not only in Japan but also in all other countries.

关键词： Cultural Care Cultural Differences Foreign Visitors Nursing Support Understand Different Cultures

Factor Analysis of Acute Ward Nurses’ Concepts of Life and Death

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Open Journal of Nursing 2018年第9期8卷 629-639页

作者： Yusuke Sakurai miwa Yamamoto Nara Medical University Basic Nursing Science Nara Japan Department of Adult and Elderly Nursing School of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine Tottori University Yonago Japan

Background: The Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications announced that the proportion of elderly people aged 65 or over in the total population of Japan reached a record high of 26.7% in the present Japan. Aims: This paper aimed to clarify from acute ward nurses’ concepts of life and death in Japan. Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to 720 nurses working in acute care hospital A in the Kansai area in Japan. Distribution destinations were all wards except for operating rooms and outpatient clinics. We initially classified the 27 items from Hirai et al.’s death and life scale into the initial seven factors (via promax rotation). Operational Definition: In my analysis, I relied considerably on the seven-point Likert scale of the Concept of life and death. Ethical Considerations: The present study was approved by the Tottori University Ethics Review Committee (1603 A 156). Results: The initial factor analysis revealed that 10 of the 27 items were inadequate. Thus, a second analysis was conducted on the remaining 17 items. The KMO analysis produced a value of 0.8. A Bartlett’s test produced a significant result (p Consideration: The first factor comprised all subscales except for the “death avoidance” subscale, which fit better within the fourth factor. These factors included “A comprehensive view of life and death” “Sharing the fate of death and liberation” “Death fear, anxiety, and avoidance”, and “Liberation from life and a world after death”.

关键词： Anxiety Attitude to Death Fear Nurses Thanatology