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Characterization of starch morphology, composition, physicochemical properties and gene expressions in oat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第1期14卷 20-28页

作者： ZHENG Ke JIANG Qian-tao WEI long ZHANG Xiao-wei MA Jian CHEN Guo-yue WEI Yu-ming mitchell Fetch Jennifer lU Zhen-xiang ZHENG You-liang Triticeae Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University lethbridge Research Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Cereal Research Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Key laboratory of Southwestern Crop Germplasm Utilization Ministry of Agriculture/Sichuan Agricultural University

Starch is the major carbohydrate in oat （Avena sativa l.） and starch formation requires the coordinated actions of several synthesis enzymes. In this study, the granule morphology, composition and physicochemical properties of oat starch, as well as the expressions of starch synthesis genes were investigated during oat endosperm development. Under the scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, we observed that the unique compound granules were developed in oat endosperms at 10 days post anthesis （DPA） and then fragmented into irregular or polygonal simple granules from 12 DPA until seed maturity. The amylose content, branch chain length of degree of polymerization （DP=13-24）, gelatinization temperature and percentage of retrogradation were gradually increased during the endosperm development; whereas the distribution of short chains （DP=6-12） were gradually decreased. The relative expressions of 4 classes of 13 starch synthesis genes characterized in this study indicated that three expression pattern groups were significantly different among gene classes as well as among varied isoforms, in which the first group of starch synthesis genes may play a key role on the initiation of starch synthesis in oat endosperms.

关键词： oat starch granule morphology composition physicochemical property gene expression

Dietary sugars inhibit biologic functions of the pattern recognition molecule, mannose-binding lectin

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Open Journal of Immunology 2011年第2期1卷 41-49页

作者： Kazue Takahashi Wei-Chuan Chang Patience Moyo mitchell R. White Parool Meelu Anamika Verma Gregory l. Stahl Kevan l. Hartshorn Vijay Yajnik 不详

Mannose-binding lectin (MBl), a mammalian lectin, is a pattern recognition molecule of the innate immune system and recognizes carbo-hydrates that are exposed on pathogens. In this study, we observed that fructose down regu-lates MBl-mediated innate immune mechanisms against both influenza A virus (IAV) and Staphy-lococcus aureus. These mechanisms include the lectin complement pathway and coagulation enzyme-like activities on both pathogens. Fur-thermore, fructose also reduces MBl-mediated phagocytosis of S. aureus and IAV and MBl- mediated IAV infection to epithelial cells. In contrast, sucrose inhibits MBl-mediated im-mune mechanisms against S. aureus but not IAV. Together, our studies show that dietary sugars, in particular fructose, negatively regulate the innate immunity against viral and bacterial pathogens.

关键词： Mannose-Binding lectin Fructose Influenza A Virus Staphylococcus Aureus Complement Coagulation

Acupuncture for the Treatment of Hot Flashes in Men with Advanced Prostate Cancer

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2011年第1期2卷 51-55页

作者： Jillian l. Capodice Philippa Cheetham mitchell C. Benson James M. McKiernan Aaron E. Katz 不详

PURPOSE: To test the safety and efficacy of acupuncture in reducing hot flashes in men with advanced prostate cancer (CaP) undergoing androgen deprivation therapy. METHODS: A single-arm, pilot study was undertaken to evaluate acupuncture treatment for hot flashes experienced by CaP patients undergoing hormonal therapy. Sixteen advanced CaP patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) received standardized full body and auricular acupunc-ture 1x/week for 14 weeks. Patients were evaluated at 0, 7, 14, and an additional 14-wk follow-up (F/U) (28-wks). Safety was measured by monitoring for adverse events over the treatment period. Serum testosterone was measured at 0 and 14-wks. Quality of life (QOl) was measured by the hormone domain of the Expanded Prostate Index Composite (EPIC), at the 0, 7, 14, and 28-wks and patient reported hot flash frequency was assessed weekly. Safety endpoints were serum testosterone and analysis of adverse events. Efficacy endpoints were scores on the EPIC and the number of pa-tient reported hot flashes. RESUlTS: 17 patients were enrolled and 15 completed the trial. Of 15 evaluable patients the median age was 68 ± 8.19. Serum analysis demonstrated no change in testosterone at baseline 9.5 ng/ml ± 8.9 vs. end-point 14 ± 8.78 (p = 0.101). No adverse events were reported. Data analysis of the EPIC demonstrated a trend toward improvement after 7 wks and a significant improvement following 14 wks of acupuncture (p = 0.01). Analysis of patient reported frequency showed a significant reduction in the number of hot flashes at 7-wk (6, p = 0.04), 14-wk (2.6, p = 0.001), and 28-wk F/U (3.2, p = 0.01) as compared to baseline 9.57 ± 3.98. CONClUSIONS: The administration of acupuncture in men with advanced CaP appears to significantly decrease the frequency of hot flashes. No serious ad-verse events were noted and serum testosterone levels were unchanged from baseline suggesting that the mechanism of action of acupuncture for hot flash ameliora

关键词： Prostate Cancer Acupuncture Hot Flashes

Bluestem Gall Midge Annual Production Cycle and Effects on Grass Seed Production

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第10期9卷 2077-2085页

作者： Earle S. Raun Robert B. mitchell Pest Management Co. Lincoln NE USA USDA-ARS Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit 251 Filley Hall UNL EC University of Nebraska Lincoln NE USA

The bluestem gall midge (Stenodiplosis wattsii Gagné) is native to the grasslands of North America. It feeds on the developing seeds of warm-season grasses during a portion of its lifecycle, but little is known of the biology and extent of gall midge infestations in native warm-season grasses in the USA. We investigated the infestations of the bluestem gall midge in big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), sand bluestem (Andropogon gerardii var paucipilus), little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash], and indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (l.) Nash] commercial seed production fields during 2001 through 2004. Our objectives were to determine the annual production cycle of the bluestem gall midge, the range of the infestation in Nebraska, and estimate its impact on seed production. In eastern Nebraska, the midge goes through four generations with the fourth entering a larval diapause, overwintering in seeds and emerging in mid-June of the following year. The bluestem gall midge damaged from 31% of the little bluestem seed to 67% of the big bluestem seed, and, on average, reduced the production of viable seed by 54% across the four grass species in eastern Nebraska. Additionally, the warm-season prairie grasses were surveyed in nine other counties in Nebraska and the bluestem gall midge was found in each species surveyed from all nine counties. This study is the first to document the negative effects of the bluestem gall midge on the production of viable seed in sand bluestem and indiangrass.

关键词： life History Seed Midge Seed Predation Stenodiplosis wattsii

Decline in stroke alerts and hospitalisations during the COVID-19 pandemic

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2020年第4期5卷 403-405页

作者： Malveeka Sharma Vasileios-Arsenios lioutas Tracy Madsen Judith Clark Jillian O'Sullivan mitchell S.VElkind Joshua Z.Willey Randolph S.Marshall Magdy H.Selim David Greer David l.Tirschwell Tina Burton Amelia Boehme Hugo J.Aparicio Department of Neurology University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Deparment of Emergency Medicine Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA Department of Neurology Boston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Neurology Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Epidemiology Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Neurology Brown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA

Introduction Patients with stroke-like symptoms may be underutilising emergency medical services and avoiding hospitalisation during the COVID-19 *** investigated a decline in admissions for stroke and transient ischaemic attack(TIA)and emergency department(ED)stroke alert *** We retrospectively compiled total weekly hospital admissions for stroke and TIA between 31 December 2018 and 21 April 2019 versus 30 December 2019 and 19 April 2020 at five US tertiary academic comprehensive stroke centres in cities with early COVID-19 outbreaks in Boston,New York City,Providence and *** collected available data on ED stroke alerts,stroke severity using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)and time from symptom onset to hospital *** Compared with 31 December 2018 to 21 April 2019,a decline in stroke/TIA admissions and ED stroke alerts occurred during 30 December 2019 to 19 April 2020(p trendlines coincided with state stay-at home recommendations in late *** greatest decline in hospital admissions was observed between 23 March and 19 April 2020,with a 31%decline compared with the corresponding weeks in *** of the five centres with 2019 and 2020 stroke alert data had a 46%decline in ED stroke alerts in late March and April 2020,compared with *** baseline NIHSS during these 4 weeks was 10 in 2020 and 7 in *** was no difference in time from symptom onset to hospital *** At these five large academic US hospitals,admissions for stroke and TIA declined during the COVID-19 *** was a trend for fewer ED stroke alerts at three of the five centres with available 2019 and 2020 *** stroke therapies are time-sensitive,so decreased healthcare access or utilisation may lead to more disabling or fatal strokes,or more severe non-neurological complications related to *** findings underscore the indirect effects of this *** health offici

关键词： alert centre hospital

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作物生长和栽培

作物生长和栽培

从非接触卡到手机的发展解读美国零售业结算的变迁——兼谈中美RFID发展的差异

1981年

作者：（美）米歇尔（R.l.mitchell）顾慰连译

来源：汇雅图书（南通市图书馆... 评论

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射频世界 2009年第4期 25-29页

作者： Robert l.mitchell 周文豪

美国是信用卡使用大国,近年来在非接触式支付上有所进展。本文就美国零售业结算变迁的经纬分析美国消费市场的悄然变化。结合传统的流程,利用RFID或NFC的非接触技术从卡发展为手机,反过来又在统合信用卡、非接触卡,手机支付的大一统局... 详细信息

美国是信用卡使用大国,近年来在非接触式支付上有所进展。本文就美国零售业结算变迁的经纬分析美国消费市场的悄然变化。结合传统的流程,利用RFID或NFC的非接触技术从卡发展为手机,反过来又在统合信用卡、非接触卡,手机支付的大一统局面必将形成。本文还从市场经济、政府支持、反恐和生活应用等多个层面分析了中美在RFID发展中的差异。

关键词：射频识别近场通信手机支付结算非接触信用卡

Radiofrequency Neurotomy for Sacroiliac Joint Pain: A Prospective Study

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Surgical Science 2015年第7期6卷 265-272页

作者： Bruce mitchell Tomas MacPhail David Vivian Paul Verrills Adele Barnard Metro Pain Group Melbourne Australia

Background: The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) is an important cause of chronic low back pain, implicated in 15% - 30% of all cases. While radiofrequency neurotomy (RFN) is the interventional treatment of choice for spinal pain originating from the facet joints, fewer studies have investigated its potential for treating SIJ pain, and its long-term efficacy is unknown. Objectives: To obtain a real-world view of RFN treatment outcomes for SIJ pain by conducting an observational study within a community pain practice, among a heterogeneous patient group receiving standard-of-care diagnostic workup and treatment. Study Design: A prospective, observational study, with data collection over five years, was conducted at the authors' private practice. Patients & Methods: A cohort of 215 patients underwent fluoroscopically guided SIJ RFN of the dorsal and lateral branches of S1-S3 and the descending branch of l5. All patients had previously had their diagnosis of SIJ pain confirmed by controlled comparative analgesic blocks of relevant nerves, and recorded pre-procedure pain levels on the 11-point Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). Outcome measures included pain, and a likert scale to measure alterations to analgesic use, changes to paid employment status and patient satisfaction. Results: We demonstrate an average pain reduction of 2.3 ± 2.1 NRS points following RFN (baseline pain score of 6.9 ± 1.7 to a follow-up average of 4.6 ± 2.7 NRS points;p ≤ 0.01). At a mean follow-up period of 14.9 ± 10.9 months (range 6 - 49 months), an overall 42.2% of patients reduced their analgesic use. Of the patients for whom employment capacity was applicable (82 patients), 21 patients reported an improvement. Overall, 67% of patients were satisfied with their outcome of post-RFN treatment. No complications occurred. limitations: This observational study had no independent control group and only included a single study site. Conclusions: RFN is a safe and effective treatment for pain confirmed to origina

关键词： RFN Radiofrequency Denervation Radiofrequency Ablation Sacroiliac Joint Pain Patient Outcome Measures

Bladder urothelial carcinoma extending to rectal mucosa and presenting with rectal bleeding

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2017年第6期9卷 282-295页

作者： Andrew M Aneese Vinayata Manuballa Mitual Amin mitchell S Cappell Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineWilliam Beaumont Hospital Department of Pathology William Beaumont Hospital Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine

An 87-year-old-man with prostate-cancer-stage-T1cGleason-6 treated with radiotherapy in 1996, recurrent prostate cancer treated with leuprolide hormonal therapy in 2009, and bladder-urothelial-carcinoma in situ treated with Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin and adriamycin in 2010, presented in 2015 with painless, bright red blood per rectum coating stools daily for 5 mo. Rectal examination revealed bright red blood per rectum; and a hard, fixed, 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm mass at the normal prostate location. The hemoglobin was 7.6 g/d l(iron saturation = 8.4%,indicating iron-deficiency-anemia). AbdominopelvicCT-angiography revealed focal wall thickening at the bladder neck; a mass containing an air cavity replacing the normal prostate; and adjacent rectal invasion. Colonoscopy demonstrated an ulcerated, oozing, multinodular, friable, 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm mass in anterior rectal wall, at the usual prostate location. Histologic and immunohistochemical analysis of colonoscopic biopsies of the mass revealed poorly-differentiatedcarcinoma of urothelial origin. At visceral angiography, the right-superior-rectal-artery was embolized to achieve hemostasis. The patient subsequently developed multiple new metastases and expired 13 mo postembolization. Comprehensive literature review revealed 16 previously reported cases of rectal involvement from bladder urothelial carcinoma, including 11 cases from direct extension and 5 cases from metastases. Patient age averaged 63.7 ± 9.6 years(all patients male). Rectal involvement was diagnosed on average 13.5 ± 11.8 mo after initial diagnosis of bladder urothelial carcinoma. Symptoms included constipation/gastrointestinal obstruction-6, weight loss-5, diarrhea-3, anorexia-3, pencil thin stools-3, tenesmus-2, anorectal pain-2, and other-5. Rectal examination in 9 patients revealed annular rectal constriction-6, and rectal mass-3. The current patient had the novel presentation of daily bright red blood per rectum coating the stools simulating hemorrhoidal bleed

关键词： Bladder cancer Urothelial Uroepitheilal Transitional cell Rectum penetration Cancer spread lower gastrointestinal bleeding Colonoscopy