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Education and skills Development in China-Africa Cooperation

Frontiers of Education in China 2018年第4期13卷 553-600页

作者： Michael mitchell Omoruyi EHIZUELEN Centre for Nigerian studies Institute of African StudiesZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China

Education,skills,and the development of an African workforce are at a critical *** it is recognized that Chinese firms hire local people,the focus of the debate is more on the position and opportunities for training and *** such,the paper tries to answer the following *** China really contribute to skills development in Africa?Does China employment,education,and skills transfer pattern contribute to Africa’s own structural transformation and benefit African workforce?In attempting to answer these questions,this paper first lays out the current magnitude of demand for skills in Africa and the priorities for education and skills transfer that can successfully address Africa’s skills ***,this will enable researchers and non-researchers to understand the diversity of Chinese firms’skills transfer patterns and the reasons behind these *** order to present a comprehensive and precise picture as well as understand the context for China and Africa education and skills transfer development,the paper draws from various data collected from diverse sources,including government statistics,firm reports,second-hand academic literature,local and international news media,official government reports,and research *** paper suggests that the assessment of skills transfer pattern should not only consider employees’and employers’direct interests,but also in the short run,skills transfer should focus on offering short,practical courses to secondary and higher education graduates involving primarily on-the-job *** the long run,there is a need to change the way employees and students are trained,including curriculum reforms that favor science,technology,engineering,and *** should also be placed on critical thinking,problem-solving,discovery,and experiential training.

关键词： Africa China education firms skills development training the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation(FOCAC)

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Landscape Genetics of Plants: Challenges and Opportunities

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Plant Communications 2020年第6期1卷 43-57页

作者： mitchell B.Cruzan Elizabeth C.Hendrickson Department of Biology Portland State UniversityPO Box 751PortlandOR 97207USA

Dispersal is one of the most important but least understood processes in plant ecology and evolutionary *** of seeds maintains and establishes populations,and pollen and seed dispersal are responsible for gene flow within and among *** views of dispersal and gene flow assume models that are governed solely by geographic distance and do not account for variation in dispersal vector behavior in response to heterogenous *** genetics integrates population genetics with Geographic Information systems(GIs)to evaluate the effects of landscape features on gene flow patterns(effective dispersal).surprisingly,relatively few landscape genetic studies have been conducted on *** present advantages because their populations are stationary,allowing more reliable estimates of the effects of landscape features on effective dispersal *** the other hand,plant dispersal is intrinsically complex because it depends on the habitat preferences of the plant and its pollen and seed dispersal *** discuss strategies to assess the separate contributions of pollen and seed movement to effective dispersal and to delineate the effects of plant habitat quality from those of landscape features that affect vector *** analyses of seed dispersal for three species indicate that isolation by landscape resistance is a better predictor of the rates and patterns of dispersal than geographic *** of effective dispersal are lower in areas of high plant habitat quality,which may be due to the effects of the shape of the dispersal kernel or to movement behaviors of biotic *** genetic studies in plants have the potential to provide novel insights into the process of gene flow among populations and to improve our understanding of the behavior of biotic and abiotic dispersal vectors in response to heterogeneous landscapes.

关键词： effective dispersal cpDNA ResistanceGA Circuitscape geographic information systems(GIs) ecological niche modeling(ENM)

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Dichotomy in crustal melting on early Mars inferred from antipodal effect

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The Innovation 2022年第5期3卷 107-113页

作者： Lei Zhang Jinhai Zhang Ross N.mitchell Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China state Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Innovation Academy for Earth science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

The Martian crustal dichotomy(MCD)between the southern highlands and the northern lowlands is the planet’s most ancient crustal structure,but its origins and evolution remain *** of the MCD comes largely from present-day and shallow crustal *** ancient and deeper constraints,hypotheses for the origin of the MCD range from an early giant impact,partial melting from sustained mantle convection,or some *** investigate with seismological modeling the best-preserved case of the“antipodal effect”-energy from an impact that concentrates and induces uplift and fracturing promoting volcanism at its antipode-the Hellas crater and the Alba Patera volcano on Mars.

关键词： crustal shallow mantle

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Multinational corporations and infectious disease: Embracing human rights management techniques

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 354-366,353页

作者： Kendyl salcito Burton H singer mitchell G Weiss Mirko s Winkler Gary R Krieger Mark Wielga Jürg Utzinger Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteP.O.BoxCH-4002BaselSwitzerland University of Basel P.O.BoxCH-4003BaselSwitzerland NomoGaia 1900 Wazee StreetSuite 303DenverCO 80202USA NewFields LLCDenverCO 80202USA Emerging Pathogens Institute University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610USA

Background:Global health institutions have called for governments,international organisations and health practitioners to employ a human rights-based approach to infectious *** motivation for a human rights approach is clear:poverty and inequality create conditions for infectious diseases to thrive,and the diseases,in turn,interact with social-ecological systems to promulgate poverty,inequity and *** and intergovernmental organisations should be concerned with the control and elimination of these diseases,as widespread infections delay economic growth and contribute to higher healthcare costs and slower processes for realising universal human *** social determinants and economic outcomes associated with infectious diseases should interest multinational companies,partly because they have bearing on corporate productivity and,increasingly,because new global norms impose on companies a responsibility to respect human rights,including the right to ***:We reviewed historical and recent developments at the interface of infectious diseases,human rights and multinational *** investigation was supplemented with field-level insights at corporate capital projects that were developed in areas of high endemicity of infectious diseases,which embraced rights-based disease control ***:Experience and literature provide a longstanding business case and an emerging social responsibility case for corporations to apply a human rights approach to health programmes at global ***,in an increasingly globalised and interconnected world,multinational corporations have an interest,and an important role to play,in advancing rights-based control strategies for infectious ***:There are new opportunities for governments and international health agencies to enlist corporate business actors in disease control and elimination *** offered by the United Nations in 2011 that is widel

关键词： Infectious diseases Human rights systems-based interventions Multinational corporations Corporate social responsibility

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Ocular therapies for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses: more than meets the eye

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第8期17卷 1755-1756页

作者： samantha J.Murray Nadia L.mitchell Faculty of Agricultural and Life sciences Lincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses(NCLs),also known as Batten disease,are a group of inherited,neurodegenerative,lysosomal storage diseases typically manifesting in *** are currently 13 known forms of NCL resulting from various mutations in the CLN(ceroid lipofuscinoses neuronal)genes(CLN1-8 and CLN10-14).Although varying in onset and severity,the NCLs share several phenotypic features including seizures,motor dysfunction,cognitive decline,and progressive loss of vision(Mole et al.,2011).Current treatment strategies being investigated in pre-clinical studies and early stage clinical trials primarily target the brain and spinal *** these potential therapeutics show promise in attenuating neurological disease,protection against retinal dysfunction and degeneration is generally ineffective or not reported.

关键词： degeneration primarily typically

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Photocatalysis with visible-light-active uranyl complexes

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science China Chemistry 2013年第12期56卷 1671-1681页

作者： LI Yong sU Jing mitchell Ellen ZHANG GuoQing LI Jun school of Material science Guangdong University of Technology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry Bridgewater College

Atomic energy is an important part of current energy *** of nuclear weapons and applications of nuclear fuels in nuclear power plants have accumulated numerous spent fuels containing238U compounds,which are critical nuclear *** to reduce the nuclear wastes and to make use of the spent uranium are key scientific issues of environmental and nuclear *** have reviewed here the physiochemical properties and photocatalytic mechanisms of homogeneous and heterogeneous uranium-containing *** current research efforts demonstrate that spent fuels can become promising new photocatalytic materials.

关键词： visible-light photocatalysis actinide oxygen-centered radical excited states

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Gastrointestinal bleeding from Dieulafoy's lesion: Clinical presentation, endoscopic findings, and endoscopic therapy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2015年第4期7卷 295-307页

作者： Borko Nojkov mitchell s Cappell Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology William Beaumont Hospital Oakland University William Beaumont school of Medicine

Although relatively uncommon, Dieulafoy's lesion is an important cause of acute gastrointestinal bleeding due to the frequent difficulty in its diagnosis; its tendency to cause severe, life-threatening, recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding; and its amenability to life-saving endoscopic therapy. Unlike normal vessels of the gastrointestinal tract which become progressively smaller in caliber peripherally, Dieulafoy's lesions maintain a large caliber despite their peripheral, submucosal, location within gastrointestinal wall. Dieulafoy's lesions typically present with severe, active, gastrointestinal bleeding, without prior symptoms; often cause hemodynamic instability and often require transfusion of multiple units of packed erythrocytes. About 75% of lesions are located in the stomach, with a marked proclivity of lesions within 6 cm of the gastroesophageal junction along the gastric lesser curve, but lesions can also occur in the duodenum and esophagus. Lesions in the jejunoileum or colorectum have been increasingly reported. Endoscopy is the first diagnostic test, but has only a 70% diagnostic yield because the lesions are frequently small and inconspicuous. Lesions typically appear at endoscopy as pigmented protuberances from exposed vessel stumps, with minimal surrounding erosion and no ulceration(visible vessel sans ulcer). Endoscopic therapy, including clips, sclerotherapy, argon plasma coagulation, thermocoagulation, or electrocoagulation, is the recommended initial therapy, with primary hemostasis achieved in nearly 90% of cases. Dual endoscopic therapy of epinephrine injection followed by ablative or mechanical therapy appears to be effective. Although banding is reportedly highly successful, it entails a small risk of gastrointestinal perforation from banding deep mural tissue. Therapeutic alternatives after failed endoscopic therapy include repeat endoscopic therapy, angiography, or surgical wedge resection. The mortality has declined from about 30% during

关键词： Dieulafoy's lesion Gastrointestinal bleeding

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Progressive heterosis in genetically defined tetraploid maize

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2019年第8期46卷 389-396页

作者： Jacob D.Washburn mitchell J.McElfresh James A.Birchler Division of Biological sciences University of Missouri

Progressive heterosis, i.e., the additional hybrid vigor in double-cross tetraploid hybrids not found in their single-cross tetraploid parents, has been documented in a number of species including alfalfa,potato, and maize. In this study, four artificially induced maize tetraploids, directly derived from standard inbred lines, were crossed in pairs to create two single-cross hybrids. These hybrids were then crossed to create double-cross hybrids containing genetic material from all four original lines. Replicated fieldbased phenotyping of the materials over four years indicated a strong progressive heterosis phenotype in tetraploids but not in their diploid counterparts. In particular, the above ground dry weight phenotype of double-cross tetraploid hybrids was on average 34% and 56% heavier than that of the single-cross tetraploid hybrids and the double-cross diploid counterparts, respectively. Additionally,whole-genome resequencing of the original inbred lines and further analysis of these data did not show the expected spectrum of alleles to explain tetraploid progressive heterosis under the complementation of complete recessive model. These results underscore the reality of the progressive heterosis phenotype,its potential utility for increasing crop biomass production, and the need for exploring alternative hypothesis to explain it at a molecular level.

关键词： Maize Tetraploid Heterosis Dominance complementation Progressive heterosis

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作者： Margaret mitchell[]

来源：南通市图书馆图书评论

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Herbal extracts as hepatoprotectants against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第19期16卷 2448-2450页

作者： Hartmut Jaeschke C David Williams mitchell R McGill Anwar Farhood Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and Therapeutics University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS 66160 United States Department of Pathology Brackenridge Hospital Austin TX 78701 United States

Many plant-derived natural products have the potential to be hepatoprotective and therefore can be used to treat acute and chronic liver diseases. The challenge is to identify the most promising compounds and evaluate their protective mechanism. In a recently published article, Wang et al evaluated extracts of the plant Gentiana manshurica Kitagawa (GM) in a model of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. The authors concluded that GM is hepatoprotective against acetaminopheninduced liver injury due to its antioxidant properties and anti-apoptotic capacity. We would like to discuss the limitations of this experimental approach and question the conclusion based on the data presented in this manuscript and the published literature.

关键词： Acetaminophen Drug hepatotoxicity Herbal extracts N-acetylcysteine

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