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Effects of Clarithromycin at Sub-Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations on Early ermB Gene Expression, Metabolic Activity and Growth of an erm(B)-Expressing Macrolide-Resistant Strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae

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Open journal of Respiratory Diseases 2012年第1期2卷 1-8页

作者： Riana Cockeran H. C. Steel N. Wolter L. de Gouveia A. von Gottberg K. P. Klugman A. T. Leanord D. j. Inverarity T. j. mitchell C. Feldman R. Anderson Division of Infection and Immunity Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre University of Glasgow Glasgow UK Division of Pulmonology Department of Internal Medicine Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa Hubert Department of Global Health Rollins School of Public Health and Division of Infectious Diseases School of Medicine Emory University Atlanta USA Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit for Inflammation and Immunity Department of Immunology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Pretoria and Tshwane Academic Division of the National Health Laboratory Service Pretoria South Africa Microbiology Department Southern General Hospital Glasgow UK Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service and Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa

Aim: To investigate the effects of exposure of a macrolide-resistant [erm (B)-expressing] strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae (strain 2507) to clarithromycin (0.5 and 5 mg/L) added at the outset and 6 hours after initiation of culture on early gene expression, energy metabolism, and growth. Methods: Bacterial growth was determined by turbidometric and colony counting procedures, energy metabolism by measurement of ATP, while analysis of gene expression was performed using reverse transcription-PCR and sequencing. Results: Addition of clarithromycin, at either concentration, at the outset of culture, caused transient suppression of growth of 10 - 12 hours duration, while delayed addition of antibiotic (during the logarithmic phase) resulted in an abrupt halt in growth followed by recovery. These inhibitory effects of clarithromycin on bacterial growth were associated with up-regulation of expression of erm(B), decreased ATP and protein synthesis, and were unaffected by inclusion of either catalase (500 and 1000 kunits/L), or competence-stimulating peptide (CSP-1, 0.5 mg/L). The inhibitory effects could, however, be overcome by pre-exposure of the bacteria to the antibiotic. Moreover, clarithromycin appeared to potentiate the antimicrobial actions of ceftriaxone, at sub-MIC concentrations, for strain 2507. Conclusions: Unlike several other common bacterial pathogens, the full expression of erm(B)-mediated macrolide resistance by the pneumococcus has a slow onset, which is associated with transient susceptibility to macrolides and inhibition of growth.

关键词： Clarithromycin Macrolide-Resistance Pneumococcus

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GLUCOSE ANALOGUE INHIBITORS OF GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE:THE DESIGN OF POTENTIAL DRUGS FOR DIABETES

GLUCOSE ANALOGUE INHIBITORS OF GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE:THE DE...

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Sixteenth Congress of the International Union of Crystallography

作者： K.A.WOODS E.P.mitchell L.N.jOHNSON G.W.j.FLEET M.ORCHARD j.C.SON C.BICHARD N.OIKONOMAKOS D.LEONIDAS A.PAPAGEORGIU Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics Rex Richards BuildingUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordEngland Dyson Perrins Laboratory University of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordEngland The National Hellenic Foundation 48Vas.Constantinou AvenueAthensGreece.

Glucose is known to be a weak inhibitor of glycogen phosphorylase(GP) and helps to control blood glucose levels by binding to phosphorylase at the catalytic site,resulting in a conformational change which stabilises the inactive T state of the enzyme,and promotes glycogen *** has therefore been suggested that inhibition of GP by glucose-analogues may help shift the balance,between glycogen synthesis and glycogen degradation,in favour of glycogen synthesis in both the muscle and *** exploiting the knowledge of the crystal structures of T state rabbit muscle GP and the glucose-enzyme complex it is hoped to design an inhibitor that will be more effective than glucose.

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Rapid assembly of multilayer microfluidic structures via 3D-printed transfer molding and bonding

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2016年第1期2卷 29-37页

作者： Casey C.Glick mitchell T.Srimongkol Aaron j.Schwartz William S.Zhuang joseph C.Lin Roseanne H.Warren Dennis R.Tekell Panitan A.Satamalee Liwei Lin Department of Physics University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA

A critical feature of state-of-the-art microfluidic technologies is the ability to fabricate multilayer structures without relying on the expensive equipment and facilities required by soft lithography-defined ***,three-dimensional(3D)printed polymer molds are used to construct multilayer poly(dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS)devices by employing unique molding,bonding,alignment,and rapid assembly ***,a novel single-layer,two-sided molding method is developed to realize two channel levels,non-planar membranes/valves,vertical interconnects(vias)between channel levels,and integrated inlet/outlet ports for fast linkages to external fluidic *** a demonstration,a single-layer membrane microvalve is constructed and tested by applying various gate pressures under parametric variation of source pressure,illustrating a high degree of flow rate *** addition,multilayer structures are fabricated through an intralayer bonding procedure that uses custom 3D-printed stamps to selectively apply uncured liquid PDMS adhesive only to bonding interfaces without clogging fluidic *** integrated alignment marks to accurately position both stamps and individual layers,this technique is demonstrated by rapidly assembling a six-layer microfluidic *** combining the versatility of 3D printing while retaining the favorable mechanical and biological properties of PDMS,this work can potentially open up a new class of manufacturing techniques for multilayer microfluidic systems.

关键词： 3D printing microfluidics PDMS

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Effect of Direct-Fed Microbial Supplementation on Pathogenic Escherichia coliFecal Shedding, Live Performance, and Carcass Characteristics in Feedlot Steers

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Open journal of Animal Sciences 2020年第4期10卷 683-705页

作者： Alex Thompson M. Alexandra Calle Flavio R. Ribeiro Ansen R. Pond Wanda M. Kreikemeier Allen mcdonald Edward G. johnson Matthew D. Edmonds Guy H. Loneragan Mindy M. Brashears Bradley j. johnson Department of Animal and Food Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA School of Veterinary Medicine Texas Tech University Amarillo TX USA Darling International Inc. Des Moines IA USA Nutrition Physiology Company LLC Overland Park KS USA johnson Research Center Parma Italy

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate direct-fed microbial (DFM) supplementation on live performance, carcass characteristics, and fecal shedding of E. coli in feedlot steers. In Exp. 1, 400 steers (BW = 348 kg) were assigned to treatments: CON = lactose carrier only, BOV = P. freudenreichii (NP24) + L. acidophilus (NP51), BOVD = P. freudenreichii (NP24) + L. acidophilus (NP51), and COMB = BOV fed for the first 101 d on feed, followed by BOVD for the final 28 d prior to harvest. In Exp. 2 (n = 1800;BW = 354 kg) and Exp. 3 (n = 112;BW = 397 kg), steers were utilized in a randomized complete block design and assigned to DFM treatments using low dose and high dose, respectively. Fecal samples were collected prior to harvest and analyzed for E. coli serogroups. In Exp. 1, DFM reduced (P E. coli O157. Prevalence of O157 was reduced by BOVD supplementation in Exp. 2 and 3 (P E. coli O157 in positive samples was reduced in both experiments where enumeration was performed (P ≤ 0.02). Weighted mean differences across the three experiments were equal to a 33% reduction in the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in BOVD treated cattle. A significant reduction in prevalence of O26, O45, O103, and O121 was observed in Exp. 2 (P ≤ 0.03). These results indicate that high levels of L. acidophilus (NP51) may represent an effective pre-harvest food safety intervention to reduce fecal shedding of several E. coli serogroups.

关键词： Beef Cattle Direct-Fed Microbial Escherichia coli O157 Lactobacillus acidophilus Pre-Harvest Intervention

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Issues and Opportunities in Exotic Hadrons

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Chinese Physics C 2016年第4期 14-27页

作者： R.A.Briceo T.D.Cohen S.Coito j.j.Dudek E.Eichten C.S.Fischer M.Fritsch W.Gradl A.jackura M.Kornicer G.Krein R.F.Lebed F.A.Machado R.E.mitchell C.j.Morningstar M.Peardon M.R.Pennington K.Peters j.M.Richard C.P.Shen M.R.Shepherd T.Skwarnicki E.S.Swanson A.P.Szczepaniak C.Z.Yuan Thomas jefferson National Accelerator Facility Department of Physics Old Dominion University Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics University of Maryland Institute of Modern Physics CAS

The last few years have been witness to a proliferation of new results concerning heavy exotic ***, many new signals have been discovered that could be pointing towards the existence of tetraquarks,pentaquarks, and other exotic configurations of quarks and gluons. Theoretically, advances in lattice field theory techniques place us at the cusp of understanding complex coupled-channel phenomena, modelling grows more sophisticated, and effective field theories are being applied to an ever greater range of situations. It is thus an opportune time to evaluate the status of the field. In the following, a series of high priority experimental and theoretical issues concerning heavy exotic hadrons is presented.

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贫困与不稳定家庭环境的儿童端粒更短

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中国学校卫生 2017年第12期38卷 1766-1766页

作者： mitchell C HOBCRAFT j MCLANAHAN S S 孙莹(编译) 不详安徽医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系合肥230032

端粒（telomere）是保护染色体末端免遭磨损的重复性DNA序列,端粒长度（telomere length,TL）被认为是慢性应激的生物学标志。一项针对非裔美国男孩的研究显示,与家庭条件较好的儿童相比,贫困和不稳定家庭中的儿童端粒短19%。

关键词：家庭环境端粒长度儿童贫困文献 DNA序列生物学标志慢性应激

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媒介研究批评术语集

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作者： (美)W.j.T.米歇尔(W. j. T. mitchell)，(美)马克·B.N.汉森(Mark B. N. Hansen)

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汽车操纵与悬架系统第3版 3

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丛书名：国家级职业教育培训规划教材

2006年

作者：（美）霍尔德曼（Halderman j.D.）（美）米切尔（mitchell C.D.）归艳荣高振云闫雪峰译

本书主要内容包括：前后悬架及维修、电子悬架系统、转向柱和传动装置、转向杆系及维修、动力转向工作原理及维修、车轮和轮胎及维修、车轮轴承及维修、传动轴与等速万向节及维修、车轮定位工作原理及诊断维修、振动与噪音的诊断和校正等。

ISBN: (纸本)7504554588

关键词：汽车车悬挂装置操纵性

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过渡期保健模型减少非洲裔和西语裔家庭保健人群脑卒中后高血压:一项实际随机对照试验

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中华高血压杂志 2021年第3期29卷 298-298页

作者： Feldman PH mcdonald MV Trachtenberg M Trifilio M Onorato N Sridharan S Silver S Eimicke j Teresi j 袁源(译) 不详

血压未控制是一个主导全球脑卒中发病率不同的可调控脑卒中危险因素。本研究的独特之处是,针对缺乏足够研究的群体——非洲裔和西语裔家庭保健脑卒中患者,检测过渡期保健模型控制血压的作用。研究者进行三方面随机对照试验设计比较:①... 详细信息

血压未控制是一个主导全球脑卒中发病率不同的可调控脑卒中危险因素。本研究的独特之处是,针对缺乏足够研究的群体——非洲裔和西语裔家庭保健脑卒中患者,检测过渡期保健模型控制血压的作用。研究者进行三方面随机对照试验设计比较:①常规家庭保健(usual home care, UHC),②UHC+30 d护师过渡期保健项目,或③UHC+护师+60 d健康咨询。

关键词：脑卒中发病率脑卒中危险因素脑卒中患者家庭保健控制血压健康咨询随机对照试验非洲裔

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Restoration of Motor Function through Delayed Intraspinal Delivery of Human IL-10-Encoding Nucleoside-Modified mRNA after Spinal Cord Injury

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Research 2023年第4期2023卷 131-144页

作者： LászlóGál Tamás Bellák Annamária Marton Zoltán Fekécs Drew Weissman Dénes Török Rachana Biju Csaba Vizler Rebeka Kristóf mitchell B.Beattie Paulo j.C.Lin Norbert Pardi Antal Nógrádi Krisztián Pajer Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary National Biotechnology Laboratory Institute of GeneticsBiological Research CentreSzegedHungary Institute of Biochemistry Biological Research CentreSzegedHungary Department of Medicine University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA Acuitas Therapeutics VancouverBCV6T 1Z3Canada

Efficient in vivo delivery of anti-inflammatory proteins to modulate the microenvironment of an injured spinal cord and promote neuroprotection and functional recovery is a great ***-modified messenger RNA(mRNA)has become a promising new modality that can be utilized for the safe and efficient delivery of therapeutic ***,we used lipid nanoparticle(LNP)-encapsulated human interleukin-10(hIL-10)-encoding nucleoside-modified mRNA to induce neuroprotection and functional recovery following rat spinal cord contusion *** administration of hIL-10 mRNA-LNP to rats led to a remarkable reduction of the microglia/macrophage reaction in the injured spinal segment and induced significant functional recovery compared to ***,hIL-10 mRNA treatment induced increased expression in tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 and ciliary neurotrophic factor levels in the affected spinal segment indicating a time-delayed secondary effect of IL-105 d after *** results suggest that treatment with nucleoside-modified mRNAs encoding neuroprotective factors is an effective strategy for spinal cord injury repair.

关键词： protective Restoration utilized

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