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Landscape Genetics of Plants: Challenges and Opportunities

Plant Communications 2020年第6期1卷 43-57页

作者： mitchell b.cruzan Elizabeth C.Hendrickson Department of biology Portland State UniversityPO Box 751PortlandOR 97207USA

Dispersal is one of the most important but least understood processes in plant ecology and evolutionary *** of seeds maintains and establishes populations,and pollen and seed dispersal are responsible for gene flow within and among *** views of dispersal and gene flow assume models that are governed solely by geographic distance and do not account for variation in dispersal vector behavior in response to heterogenous *** genetics integrates population genetics with Geographic Information Systems(GIS)to evaluate the effects of landscape features on gene flow patterns(effective dispersal).Surprisingly,relatively few landscape genetic studies have been conducted on *** present advantages because their populations are stationary,allowing more reliable estimates of the effects of landscape features on effective dispersal *** the other hand,plant dispersal is intrinsically complex because it depends on the habitat preferences of the plant and its pollen and seed dispersal *** discuss strategies to assess the separate contributions of pollen and seed movement to effective dispersal and to delineate the effects of plant habitat quality from those of landscape features that affect vector *** analyses of seed dispersal for three species indicate that isolation by landscape resistance is a better predictor of the rates and patterns of dispersal than geographic *** of effective dispersal are lower in areas of high plant habitat quality,which may be due to the effects of the shape of the dispersal kernel or to movement behaviors of biotic *** genetic studies in plants have the potential to provide novel insights into the process of gene flow among populations and to improve our understanding of the behavior of biotic and abiotic dispersal vectors in response to heterogeneous landscapes.

关键词： effective dispersal cpDNA ResistanceGA Circuitscape geographic information systems(GIS) ecological niche modeling(ENM)

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Characteristic clinical features of Aspergillus appendicitis:Case report and literature review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第44期21卷 12713-12721页

作者： Mihajlo Gjeorgjievski Mitual b Amin mitchell S Cappell Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology William Beaumont Hospital Anatomic Pathology William Beaumont Hospital Oakland University William beaumont School of Medicine

This work aims to facilitate diagnosing Aspergillus appendicitis, which can be missed clinically due to its rarity, by proposing a clinical pentad for Aspergillus appendicitis based on literature review and one new case. The currently reported case of pathologicallyproven Aspergillus appendicitis was identified by computerized search of pathology database at William beaumont Hospital, 1999-2014. Prior cases were identified by computerized literature search. Among 10980 pathology reports of pathologically-proven appendicitis, one case of Aspergillus appendicitis was identified(rate = 0.01%). A young boy with profound neutropenia, recent chemotherapy, and acute myelogenous leukemia presented with right lower quadrant pain, pyrexia, and generalized malaise. Abdominal computed tomography scan showed a thickened appendiceal wall and periappendiceal inflammation, suggesting appendicitis. Emergent laparotomy showed an inflamed, thickened appendix, which was resected. The patient did poorly postoperatively with low-grade-fevers while receiving antibacterial therapy, but rapidly improved after initiating amphotericin therapy. Microscopic examination of a silver stain of the appendectomy specimen revealed fungi with characteristic Aspergillus morphology, findings confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Primary Aspergillus appendicitis is exceptionally rare, with only 3 previously reported cases. All three cases presented with(1)-neutropenia,(2)-recent chemotherapy,(3)-acute leukemia, and(4)-suspected appendicitis;(5)-the two prior cases initially treated with antibacterial therapy, fared poorly before instituting antiAspergillus therapy. The current patient satisfied all these five criteria. based on these four cases, a clinical pentad is proposed for Aspergillus appendicitis: clinically-suspected appendicitis, neutropenia, recent chemotherapy, acute leukemia, and poor clinical response if treated solely by antibacterial/anti-candidial therapy. Patients presenting with this propos

关键词： Aspergillosis Aspergillus appendicitis Fungal appe

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Influence of towing speed on effectiveness of rolling dynamic compaction

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2020年第1期12卷 126-134页

作者： brendan T.Scott Mark b.Jaksa Peter W.mitchell School of Civil Environmental and Mining EngineeringThe University of AdelaideSouth Australia5005Australia Aurecon AdelaideSouth Australia5000Australia

The influence of towing speed on the effectiveness of the 4-sided impact roller using earth pressure cells(EPCs)is *** field trials were undertaken;the first trial used three EPCs placed at varying depths between 0.5 m and 1.5 m with towing speeds of 9-12 km/*** second used three EPCs placed at a uniform depth of 0.8 m,with towing speeds of 5-15 km/*** findings from the two trials confirmed that towing speed influences the pressure imparted to the ground and hence compactive *** paper proposes that the energy imparted to the ground is best described in terms of work done,which is the sum of the change in both potential and kinetic *** practice of using either kinetic energy or gravitational potential energy should be avoided as neither can accurately quantify rolling dynamic compaction(RDC)when towing speed is varied.

关键词： Rolling dynamic compaction(RDC) Optimum towing speed Ground improvement

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Total dysphagia after short course of systemic corticotherapy:Herpes simplex virus esophagitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第31期19卷 5178-5181页

作者： Isa Jetté-Cté Denise Ouellette Claire béliveau Andrew mitchell Division of Thoracic Surgery Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital University of MontrealMontreal H3L 2H8 Canada Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital University of MontrealMontreal H3L 2H8 Canada Department of Pathology Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital University of Montreal Montreal H3L 2H8 Canada

A 72 year-old female developed a herpetic esophagitis after 3 d of oral corticotherapy for an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,presenting as odynophagia and total *** were taken during a first esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD) and the patient was referred to the thoracic surgery service with a presumptive diagnosis of esophageal cancer.A second EGD was planned for dilatation,but by that time the stenosis was completely *** biopsies taken during the first EGD revealed multiple herpetic viral inclusions and ulcerations without any dysplasia or *** front of a severe esophageal stenosis,one must still exclude the usual differential diagnosis peptic stenosis and *** of endoscopic lesions can suggest the diagnosis but must be promptly confirmed by biopsy,viral culture or polymerase chain *** immune systemic effects of corticotherapy are well known and herpetic esophagitis occurs most frequently in immunocompromised individuals,this case emphasizes the importance of clinical awareness concerning short courses of corticotherapy for immunocompetent *** article discusses the reactivation process of herpetic infection in this context and addresses its diagnostic and therapeutic issues.

关键词： Herpes simplex Esophagitis Dysphagia Corticosteroids Immunocompetence

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Identification of four novel DC-SIGN ligands on Mycobacterium bovis bCG

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Protein & Cell 2010年第9期1卷 859-870页

作者： Maria V.Carroll Robert b.Sim Fabiana bigi Anne Jäkel Robin Antrobus Daniel A.mitchell Department of Pharmacology University of OxfordMansfield RoadOxford OX13QTUK Institute of biotechnology CICVyA-INTALos Reseros y Las Cabañas1712 CastelarArgentina Cambridge Institute of Medical Research Addenbrooke’s HospitalHills RoadCambridge CB20XYUK CSRI-UHCW Walsgrave Campus University of WarwickCoventryCV22DXUK

Dendritic-cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin(DC-SIGN;CD209)has an important role in mediating adherence of Mycobacteria species,including *** and *** bCG to human dendritic cells and macrophages,in which these bacteria can survive ***-SIGN is a C-type lectin,and interactions with mycobacterial cells are believed to occur via mannosylated structures on the mycobacterial *** studies suggest more varied modes of binding to multiple mycobacterial *** we identify,by affinity chromatography and mass-spectrometry,four novel ligands of *** bCG that bind to *** novel ligands are chaperone protein DnaK,60 kDa chaperonin-1(Cpn60.1),glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)and lipoprotein *** published work strongly suggests that these are on the cell *** these ligands,lprG appears to bind DC-SIGN via typical proteinglycan interactions,but DnaK and Cpn60.1 binding do not show evidence of carbohydrate-dependent *** was also identified as a ligand for DC-SIGNR(L-SIGN;CD299)and the *** orthologue of lprG has been found previously to interact with human toll-like receptor ***,these findings offer new targets for combating mycobacterial adhesion and within-host survival,and reinforce the role of DCSIGN as an important host ligand in mycobacterial infection.

关键词： DC-SIGN Mycobacteria lectins

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Two decades of variable retention in british Columbia: a review of its implementation and effectiveness for biodiversity conservation

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 402-423页

作者： William J.beese John Deal b.Glen Dunsworth Stephen J.mitchell Timothy J.Philpott Vancouver Island University 900 Fifth StreetNanaimoBC V9R 5S5Canada Western Forest Products 118–1334 Island Hwy.Campbell RiverBC V9W 8C9Canada Glen Dunsworth Ecological Consulting 7857 Shangri-La Rd.LantzvilleBC V0R 2H0Canada University of british Columbia 2424 Main MallVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada bC Min.of Forests Lands and Nat.Res.Oper400–640 Borland St.Williams LakeBC V2G 4T1Canada

Stand-level retention is an important component of sustainable forest management which aims to balance ecological,social and economic ***-term retention of mature forest structures at the time of harvesting(variable retention)is intended to produce future forest stands that more closely resemble conditions that develop after natural disturbances,thereby maintaining greater diversity of habitats for a variety of *** includes features such as live and dead trees representing multiple canopy layers,undisturbed understory vegetation and coarse woody *** the past two decades,variable retention has become common on forest lands in the temperate rainforests of coastal british Columbia(bC)and has been applied to a lesser extent in inland forest *** review of studies in bC and in similar forest types in our region indicates that both aggregated and dispersed retention can contribute to biodiversity conservation by providing short-term‘life-boating’habitat for some species and by enhancing the structural characteristics of future *** example,greater abundance of species present in the pre-harvest forest have been documented for vegetation,birds,carabid beetles,gastropods,ectomycorrhizal fungi and soil fauna in retention cutblocks compared to *** are,however,some negative consequences for timber production such as wind damage to retained trees and reduced growth rates of tree regeneration compared to *** authors suggest an adaptive management approach for balancing competing objectives when faced with *** includes monitoring the implementation and effectiveness of various strategies for achieving *** two decades of experience applying variable retention harvesting to industrial-scale management of forest lands in bC suggests that it is possible to balance production of wood with biodiversity conservation.

关键词： Alternative silvicultural systems Clearcutting biological legacies Forest biodiversity Old-growth Variable retention british Columbia

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Properties of SN Ia progenitors from light curves and spectra

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Frontiers of physics 2013年第2期8卷 144-167页

作者： P. Hoflich P. Dragulin J. mitchell b. Sadler T. Diamond C. Gerardy Department of Physics Florida State University Talahassee USA FL 32306 Department of Physics Astronomy Clemson University Clemson USA SC 29634

With recent advances in theory and observations, direct connections emerge between the progenitors of Type Ia Supernovae （SNe Ia） and the observed light curves and spectra. A direct link is important for our understanding of the supernovae physics, the diversity of SNe Ia and the use of SNe Ia for high-precision cosmology because the details of the explosion depends sensitively on the initial conditions and the explosion scenario（s） realized in nature. Do SNe Ia originate from SD- or DD systems, and do they lead to Mcu mass explosions or dynamical mergers？ Does the statistical distribtion of SNe Ia depend on their environment which can be expected to change with redshift？ In this contribution, we will exam from the theoretical point of view the tell-tails for this connection, their consistency with the observations, and future directions. In a first section, we present the physics of the explosion, light curves and spectral formation in a nutshell to help understanding the connection. For details of the progenitor evolution and explosion physics, we refer to reviews and the other contributions in this issue. Each of the topical sections starts with a brief general review followed by a more detailed discussion of specific results. because the youth of the field, some bias is unavoidable towards results obtained within our collaborations （and FSU）. The imprint of the metallicity, progenitor stars and properties such as the central density of the exploding WD are presented. IR spectroscopy, polarimetry and imaging of SNR remnants are discussed as a tool to test for the WD properties, magnetic fields and asymmetries. We discuss different classes of Type Ia supernovae, and their environment. Possible correlations between the spectroscopic and light curve properties of SN Ia are discussed. Finally, the overall emerging picture and future developments are discussed.

关键词： supernovae: general progenitors light curves spectra

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Tinker,tailor,soldier,cell:the role of C-type lectins in the defense and promotion of disease

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Protein & Cell 2023年第1期14卷 4-16页

作者： James N.Arnold Daniel A.mitchell School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences King's College LondonLondon SE11ULUK Warwick Medical School University of WarwickCoventry CV22DXUK

C-type lectins(CTLs)represent a large family of soluble and membrane-bound proteins which bind calcium dependently via carbohydrate recognition domains(CRDs)to glycan residues presented on the surface of a variety of *** deconvolution of a cell’s glycan code by CTLs underpins several important physiological processes in mammals such as pathogen neutralization and opsonization,leukocyte trafficking,and the inflammatory ***,as our knowledge of CTLs has developed it has become apparent that the role of this innate immune family of proteins can be double-edged,where some pathogens have developed approaches to subvert and exploit CTL interactions to promote infection and sustain the pathological ***,CTL interactions with host glycoproteins can contribute to inflammatory diseases such as arthritis and cancer whereby,in certain contexts,they exacerbate inflammation and drive malignant *** review discusses the‘dual agent’roles of some of the major mammalian CTLs in both resolving and promoting infection,inflammation and inflammatory disease and highlights opportunities and emerging approaches for their therapeutic modulation.

关键词： C-type lectins DC-SIGN MbL selectins infection arthritis cancer

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Test-Retest Reliability of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Activation for a Vergence Eye Movement Task

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Neuroscience bulletin 2020年第5期36卷 506-518页

作者： Cristian Morales Suril Gohel Xiaobo Li mitchell Scheiman bharat b.biswal Elio M.Santos Chang Yaramothu Tara L.Alvarez biomedical Engineering New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ 07102USA Pennsylvania College of Optometry Salus UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19027USA Department of Health Informatics Rutgers University School of Health ProfessionsNewarkNJ 07107USA

Vergence eye movements are the inward and outward rotation of the eyes responsible for binocular *** studies have mapped and investigated the neural substrates of vergence,it is not well understood whether vergence eye movements evoke the blood oxygen level-dependent signal reliably in separate experimental *** test-retest reliability of stimulus-induced vergence eye movement tasks during a functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)experiment is important for future randomized clinical trials(RCTs).In this study,we established region of interest(ROI)masks for the vergence neural ***-seven binocularly normal young adults participated in two functional imaging sessions measured on different days on the same 3 T Siemens *** fMRI experiments used a block design of sustained visual fixation and rest blocks interleaved between task blocks that stimulated eight or four vergence eye *** test-retest reliability of task-activation was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC),and that of spatial extent was assessed using the Dice *** activation during the vergence eye movement task of eight movements compared to rest was repeatable within the primary visual cortex(ICC=0.8),parietal eye fields(ICC=0.6),supplementary eye field(ICC=0.5),frontal eye fields(ICC=0.5),and oculomotor vermis(ICC=0.6).The results demonstrate significant test-retest reliability in the ROIs of the vergence neural substrates for functional activation magnitude and spatial extent using the stimulus protocol of a task block stimulating eight vergence eye movements compared to sustained *** ROIs can be used in future longitudinal RCTs to study patient populations with vergence dysfunctions.

关键词： Vergence eye movement Test-retest reliability Functional MRI Vergence region of interest masks

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Extensive adhesion formation in a total knee replacement in the setting of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor:A case report

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第5期13卷 538-543页

作者： Steven mitchell Anderson Lee Ryan Stenquist David YatsonskyⅡ Megan L Mooney Vithal b Shendge Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The University of Toledo Medical CenterToledoOH 43614United States

bACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are rare primary neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract,accounting for 1%to 2%of all gastrointestinal neoplasms *** are frequently discovered incidentally during workup for other diagnosis or intestinal obstruction,as they can present with few or no ***,GISTs confer a high degree of malignant transformation,with a progression in about 10%to 30%of *** SUMMARY A 63-year-old healthy female presented to our institution with complaints of right knee pain and limited passive and active motion in the setting of a previous right total knee arthroplasty(TKA).One year after TKA,the patient was incidentally diagnosed with a GIST,which was successfully *** removal,the patient continued to have limited range of motion of the right knee and subsequently underwent revision *** significant fibrotic adhesions were found encapsulating the femoral and tibial *** patient’s pain improved postoperatively,however,she continued to have decreased range of motion with difficulty *** We propose that this case may demonstrate a proinflammatory milieu arising from a GIST,which had a direct influence on the outcome of recent total knee *** proposed mechanism between neoplastic cytokinetic activity and adhesion formation could have implications on preoperative and postoperative orthopedic management of total knee arthroplasty.

关键词： Gastrointestinal stromal tumor Adhesion formation Total knee arthroplasty Inflammatory response Decreased range of motion Case report

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