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An Appraisal of Sexual Behaviors, STI/HIV Prevalence, and HIV Prevention Programs among Truckers in India: A Critical Literature Review

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World Journal of AIDS 2014年第2期4卷 206-218页

作者： Damodar Sahu arvind Pandey Ram Manohar mishra Niranjan Saggurti Shekhar Setu Indra Raj Singh Family Health International New Delhi India National Institute of Medical Statistics New Delhi India Population Council New Delhi India Transport Corporation of India Foundation Gurgaon India

Background: A systematic review portraying the changing pattern of sexual behaviors, STI and HIV prevalence and key strategies curb HIV and STI among truckers in India is lacking. This paper therefore aims to present a chronological review of literature regarding sexual behaviors, STI/HIV prevalence, and various HIV prevention programs implemented among truckers in India. Methodology: Published and unpublished studies (1990-2011) were identified through electronic databases, and hand searching. Results: Most studies on sexual behaviors and STI/HIV prevalence among truckers focused only on drivers and ignored their helpers. Evidences suggest that consistent condom use by truckers with both paid and non-paid female partners has increased during the past decade. Many recent studies suggest that the HIV prevalence among truckers is about 2% and it has been declining slowly during the past decade. The HIV prevention programs among truckers which started with the aim of raising awareness about HIV during early 1990s, have grown multi-folds to encompass not only the standard strategies like mid-media events, interpersonal counselling and STI care for HIV prevention, but also innovations such as the use of business franchisee models, and integrated research and evidence based planning in the program. The possibilities of using new approaches such as male circumcision and the use of pre-exposure prophylaxes are underway. Conclusion: More studies are needed to explore helpers’ vulnerabilities to HIV. Very few studies have attempted to examine the impact of large-scale prevention programs among truckers. Efforts are required to examine the impact of different components of such programs to guide the HIV prevention efforts among truckers in India.

关键词： Truckers Sexual Behavior HIV Prevention Programs India

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Improving Linear Type Traits to Improve Production Sustainability and Longevity in Purebred Sahiwal Cattle

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第5期2卷 636-639页

作者： Ashutosh Dubey Sharad mishra Vikas Khune Pavan K. Gupta Bhooshan K. Sahu arvind K. Nandanwar Department of Livestock Production and Management College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry lndira GandhiAgricultural University Raipur 492001 Chhattisgarh India

In order to determine various traits which need to be improved for improving the productive life span and longevity, purebred Sahiwal cows available at bull mother experimental farm and cattle breeding farm located at Veterinary College, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India were used. For present investigation, 17 linear type traits were measured, scaled and scored as per the guidelines of International Committee for Animal Recording （2001）. The average score point （ASP） under 1-9 point scale score system along with respective observed group for different linear type traits were stature （6.88; taller）, chest width （5.30; intermediate）, body depth （4.11; intermediate）, rump angle （4.27; intermediate）, rump width （5.09; intermediate）, rear leg set-side view （4.55; intermediate）, rear leg set-rear view （5.95; intermediate）, foot angle （5.66; intermediate）, udder depth （5.71; intermediate）, rear udder height （4.90; intermediate）, udder balance （5.27; intermediate）, udder cleft （3.75; intermediate）, fore udder attachment （5.55; intermediate）, teat length （3.54; intermediate）, fore teat placement （5.33; intermediate）, rear teat placement （6.37; intermediate） and teat thickness （2.76; narrow）. For most of the traits, ASP which lies near midpoint （i.e. near five） is known to be ideal for dairy type cattle. Moreover, some traits also showed the presence of undesirable ASP. Hence, the traits such as body depth, rump angle, foot angle, udder depth, rear udder height, udder cleft, fore udder attachment, teat length, and teat thickness needs to be improved for improving the production sustainability and herd life of Sahiwal cattle. Thus, present investigation gives explicit clue to incorporate these conformation traits in selection program of this valuable germplasm commonly found in Southern part of Asia （India, Pakistan, Srilanka, etc.）.

关键词： Sahiwal linear type traits production sustainability and longevity.

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Are Truckers Being over Stigmatized as HIV Carriers in India? Evidences from Behavioral and Biological Cross-Sectional Surveys among Clients of Female Sex Workers

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2015年第3期5卷 85-91页

作者： Damodar Sahu Sowmya Ramesh Ram Manohar mishra K. Srikanth Reddy Reena Bharadwaj Niranjan Saggurti arvind Pandey Mandar Mainkar Bitra George National Institute of Medical Statistics ICMR New Delhi India Population Council New Delhi India National AIDS Research Institute Pune India FAMILY Health International New Delhi India

This paper examines whether truckers have been over-stigmatized as HIV carriers in the country. Data were taken from cross-sectional surveys of clients of female sex workers conducted in 2006-2007 in 12 districts of the country. A total 4822 clients of female sex workers were covered in the survey. Low-income skilled/semi-skilled men, including non-agricultural/casual labor, and petty businessmen/small shop owners, have the largest share in the clients’ population. There was no significant difference between truckers and other sub-group of clients’ population in terms of consistent condom use with female sex workers and prevalence of HIV or STI. These evidences suggest that the contribution of truckers in HIV epidemic in India might to similar to other sub-groups of clients’ population. Thus, truckers might have been over-stigmatized as HIV carriers in the country. However, there is no doubt that truckers constitute an extremely important target group for the HIV prevention programs and these efforts must be continued to prevent new HIV infections in the country.

关键词： Clients Truckers Sex Workers India

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Towards Developing Communication Strategies for HIV/AIDS Control among the Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes Women in Three Northeastern States of India

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World Journal of AIDS 2013年第4期3卷 367-377页

作者： Kalyan B. Saha Damodar Sahu Uma C. Saha Ravendra K. Sharma M. Muniyandi Prabhaker mishra Chhanda Mallick Jyotirmoy Roy Amal K. Bhunia Samiran Bisai arvind Pandey Department of Anthropology Vidyasagar University Midnapore India Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science & Management Vidyasagar University Midnapore India Department of Community Medicine M. M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Ambala India National Institute of Medical Statistics (ICMR) New Delhi India Regional Medical Research Centre for Tribals (ICMR) Jabalpur India Xavier Institute of Development Action & Studies (XIDAS) Jabalpur India

HIV/AIDS spread has opened a Pandora of medical and health problems apart from creating serious socio-psychological trauma for the victims and their families. Despite the governmental effort to curve the growing infection, very little success has been achieved. The northeastern region of India presents a very peculiar situation due to recurrent insurgency in all its states for long time and thus it became instrumental in paralyzing the social and health machineries to an extent, which still deteriorated the futile national effort to check the deadly infection. The study tried to understand the level of awareness and correct knowledge among the underprivileged scheduled tribes and scheduled castes women in the age group 15 -44 by exploring data from district level of Rapid Household Reproductive and Child Health Project Phase I (1998) and Phase II (1999) for Assam, Manipur and Nagaland and suggested a strategy to control the infection in the region. It is found that HIV/AIDS awareness was 59% among the women in all the three states with very few among them who had correct understanding of its prevention. A pronounced difference in the level of awareness was observed with respect to age, economy and residential status of the respondents.

关键词： AIDS Awareness Transmission Prevention & Misconception Communication Strategy

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