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The intensity of slope and fluvial processes after a catastrophic windthrow event in small catchments in the Tatra Mountains

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第6期18卷 1405-1423页

作者： Dariusz STRZYŻOWSKI Elżbieta GORCZYCA Kazimierz KRZEMIEŃ mirosław żelazny Institute of Geography and Spatial Management Jagiellonian UniversityGronostajowa 7Kraków 30-387Poland

Strong wind events frequently result in creating large areas of windthrow, which causes abrupt environmental changes. Bare soil surfaces within pits and root plates potentially expose soil to erosion. Absence of forest may alter the dynamics of water circulation. In this study we attempt to answer the question of whether extensive windthrows influence the magnitude of geomorphic processes in 6 small second-to third-order catchments with area ranging from 0.09 km^(2) to 0.8 km^(2). Three of the catchments were significantly affected by a windthrow which occurred in December 2013 in the Polish part of the Tatra Mountains, and the other three catchments were mostly forested and served as control catchments. We mapped the pits created by the windthrow and the linear scars created by salvage logging operations in search of any signs of erosion within them. We also mapped all post-windthrow landslides created in the windthrow-affected catchments. The impact of the windthrow on the fluvial system was investigated by measuring a set of channel characteristics and determining bedload transport intensity using painted tracers in all the windthrow-affected and control catchments. Both pits and linear scars created by harvesting tend to become overgrown by vegetation in the first several years after the windthrow. The only signs of erosion were observed in 10% of the pits located on convergent slopes. During the period from the windthrow event in 2013 until 2019, 5 very small(total area <100 m^(2)) shallow landslides were created. The mean distance of bedload transport was similar(t-test, p=0.05) in most of the windthrow-affected and control catchments. The mapping of channels revealed many cases of root plates fallen into a channel and pits created near a channel. A significant amount of woody debris delivered into the channels influenced the activity of fluvial processes by creating alternating zones of erosion and accumulation.

关键词： Fluvial processes Slope processes Windthrow Tree uprooting Channel morphology Tatra Mountains

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Adaptive Optimal Discrete-Time Output-Feedback Using an Internal Model Principle and Adaptive Dynamic Programming

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第1期11卷 131-140页

作者： Zhongyang Wang Youqing Wang Zdzisław Kowalczuk the College of Information Science and Technology Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China IEEE the Department of Robotics and Decision Systems Faculty of ElectronicsTelecommunications and InformaticsGdańsk University of TechnologyGdansk 80-233Poland

In order to address the output feedback issue for linear discrete-time systems, this work suggests a brand-new adaptive dynamic programming(ADP) technique based on the internal model principle(IMP). The proposed method, termed as IMP-ADP, does not require complete state feedback-merely the measurement of input and output data. More specifically, based on the IMP, the output control problem can first be converted into a stabilization problem. We then design an observer to reproduce the full state of the system by measuring the inputs and outputs. Moreover, this technique includes both a policy iteration algorithm and a value iteration algorithm to determine the optimal feedback gain without using a dynamic system model. It is important that with this concept one does not need to solve the regulator equation. Finally, this control method was tested on an inverter system of grid-connected LCLs to demonstrate that the proposed method provides the desired performance in terms of both tracking and disturbance rejection.

关键词： Adaptive dynamic programming(ADP) internal model principle(IMP) output feedback problem policy iteration(PI) value iteration(VI)

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The rate of deadwood decomposition processes in tree stand gaps resulting from bark beetle infestation spots in mountain forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 339-346页

作者： Ewa Błonska Adam Gorski Jarosław Lasota Department of Ecology and Silviculture Faculty of ForestryUniversity of Agriculture in Krakow29 Listopada 46 Str.31-425KrakowPoland

Decaying wood is an essential element of forest ecosystems and it affects its other *** aim of our research was to determine the decomposition rate of deadwood in various humidity and thermal conditions in the gaps formed in the montane forest *** research was carried out in the Babiog orski National *** research plots were marked out in the gaps of the stands,which were formed as a result of bark beetle *** plots were located in undisturbed *** research covered wood of two species–spruce and beech in the form of cubes with dimensions of 50 mm×50 mm×22 *** samples were placed directly on the soil surface and subjected to laboratory analysis after 36 months.A significant influence of the wood species and the study plot type on the physicochemical properties of the tested wood samples was *** characteristics strongly correlated with soil moisture.A significantly higher mass decline of wood samples was recorded on the reference study plots,which were characterized by more stable moisture *** decomposition of wood in the gaps regardless of the species is related to lower *** wood species covered by the study differed in the decomposition *** wood samples were characterized by a significantly higher decomposition rate compared to beech wood *** research has confirmed that disturbances that lead to the formation of gaps have a direct impact on the decomposition process of deadwood.

关键词： Bark beetle Beech Decomposition rate Forest ecosystem Mass decline Spruce Woody debris

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Optimal control of differential quasivariational-hemivariational inequalities with applications

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第11期67卷 2587-2606页

作者： Dong-ling Cai Stanis?aw Migórski Yi-bin Xiao School of Mathematical Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China College of Applied Mathematics Chengdu University of Information Technology Chair of Optimization and Control Jagiellonian University in Krakow

In this paper,we study a new class of differential quasivariational-hemivariational inequalities of the elliptic *** problem consists of a system coupling the Cauchy problem for an ordinary differential equation with the variational-hemivariational inequalities,unilateral constraints,and history-dependent ***,based on the Minty formulation and the continuity of the solution map of a parametrized quasivariational-hemivariational inequality,and a fixed point theorem for a history-dependent operator,we prove a result on the ***,we examine optimal control problems for differential quasivariational-hemivariational inequalities,including a time-optimal control problem and a maximum stay control problem,for which we show the existence of *** all the optimal control problems,the system is controlled through a distributed and boundary control,a control in initial conditions,and a control that appears in history-dependent ***,we illustrate the results by considering a nonlinear controlled system for a time-dependent elliptic equation with unilateral constraints.

关键词： differential variational-hemivariational inequality unilateral constraint history-dependent operator optimal control time-optimal control maximum stay problem

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Energy and blast performance of beryllium in a model thermobaric composition in comparison with aluminum and magnesium

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第6期36卷 13-19页

作者： Thomas M.Klapotke Stanisław Cudziło Waldemar A.Trzcinski Jozef Paszula Energetic Materials Research Department of ChemistryUniversity of Munich(LMU)Butenandtstrasse 5-13(D)81377MunichGermany Military University of Technology Faculty of Advanced Technologies and ChemistrySylwester Kaliski Str.200-908WarsawPoland

A direct comparison is made between the effectiveness of Al,Mg,and Be powders as additional fuels in model thermobaric compositions containing 20%fuel,20%ammonium perchlorate,and 60%RDX(1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane)passivated with *** determined calorimetric measurements of the heat of detonation,along with the overpressure histories in an explosion chamber filled with nitrogen,were used to determine the quasi-static pressure(QSP)under anaerobic *** measurements were also performed in a semi-closed bunker,and all blast wave parameters generated after the detonation of 500 g charges of the tested explosives were *** calorimetry results,QSP values,and blast wave parameters(pressure amplitude,specific and total impulses)clearly indicate that Be is much more effective as an additional fuel than either Al or Mg in both anaerobic post-detonation reactions as well as the subsequent aerobic *** heat of detonation of the RDXwax/AP/Be explosive mixture is over 40%and 50%higher than that of the mixture containing aluminum and magnesium instead of beryllium,***,the TNT equivalent of the Be-containing composition due to the overpressure in the nitrogen-filled explosion chamber is 1.66,while the equivalent calculated using an air shock wave-specific impulse at a distance of 2.5 m is equal to *** high values of these parameters confirm the high reactivity of beryllium in both the anaerobic and aerobic stages of the thermobaric explosion.

关键词： Thermobaric explosives Beryllium Heat of detonation Quasi-static overpressure Blast wave parameters

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Flat-footed Females and Missing Males:A New Genus and Species of Pleciofungivoridae(Diptera:Bibionomorpha)Represents the First Record of the Family from Mid-Cretaceous Kachin Amber

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第3期98卷 541-547页

作者： ZHANG Qingqing Wiesław KRZEMINSKI Jan SEVCIK Vladimir BLAGODEROV Agnieszka SOSZYNSKA Kornelia SKIBINSKA Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology Institute of PalaeontologyYunnan UniversityKunming 650500China MEC International Joint Laboratory for Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironment Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and PaleoenvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals Polish Academy of Sciences52551 KrakówPoland University of Ostrava Faculty of ScienceDepartment of Biology and EcologyChittussiho 10CZ-71000 OstravaCzech Republic National Museums Scotland EdinburghUK Natural History Museum LondonUK University of Lodz Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionDepartment of Invertebrate Zoology and HydrobiologyBanacha 12/1690-237ŁódźPoland

A new genus and species,Cretopleciofungivora simpsoni *** ***.,from the extinct family Pleciofungivoridae(Diptera:Bibionomorpha),is discovered in mid-Cretaceous Kachin ***,this family was known only from imprints in sedimentary rocks of the Jurassic and the Lower *** of a representative of Pleciofungivoridae in Kachin amber confirms the presence of the family in the Upper *** new species has a unique structure of fore tarsus,with lobed and extended tarsal segments Ⅱ to Ⅳ,a feature hitherto known only in a few species of extant *** not particularly rare,the new species is currently known only from female *** reasons for this phenomenon,very unusual in Sciaroidea,are briefly discussed,including parthenogenesis as a potentially plausible hypothesis.

关键词： fungus gnats Sciaroidea Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber swollen tarsomeres

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BENEFITS AND COSTS IN SELECTING FUEL FOR MUNICIPALITY HEATING SYSTEMS WITH THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2006年第2期15卷 165-177页

作者： mirosaw DYTCZAK Grzegorz GINDA Faculty of Management and Engineering Production Opole University of TechnologyOpolePoland

Municipal economy problems are of a complex nature. Existing requirements for sustainable development make us apply various criteria while solving these problems. These can, for example, include economic, financial, social and environmental criteria. To handle them effectively, multi-criteria analysis should be applied. Decisions about heat production and delivery systems belong to such multidisciplinary problems. They were usually resolved in the past using classical numerical methodology that took into account only the technical and economic merits of the various alternatives. By applying multi-criteria tools instead it is possible to obtain more realistic results and make more effective decisions. The Analytical Hierarchy Process （AHP） seems to be a good alternative to fill the existing gap between decision-making as it is actually practiced and the traditional methods when applied to selecting district heating （DH） systems. This paper presents such an application. Our application is to select the best heat energy source for a DH system for a medium sized city located in Poland. Our results led to an interesting conclusion with regard to the best heat energy source. Our results suggest that intensifying the effort to make widespread the use of more efficient, but financially more costly, energy sources is the best.

关键词： AHP municipal economy district heating systems heat energy sources optimization,MCDM sustainable development

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Lotka-Volterra Population Model of Genetic Evolution

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Communications in Computational Physics 2007年第6期2卷 1174-1183页

作者： mirosław R.Dudek Institute of Physics Zielona G´ora University65-069 Zielona GoraPoland.

A deterministic model of an age-structured population with genetics analogous to the discrete time Penna model[1,2]of genetic evolution is constructed on the basis of the Lotka-Volterra *** is shown that if,as in the Penna model,genetic information is represented by the fraction of defective genes in the population,the population numbers for each specific individual’s age are represented by exactly the same functions of age in both *** gives us a new possibility to consider multi-species evolution without using detailed microscopic Penna *** discuss a particular case of the predator-prey system representing an ecosystem consisting of a limited amount of energy resources consumed by the age-structured species living in this ***,the increase in number of the individuals in the population under consideration depends on the available energy resources,the shape of the distribution function of defective genes in the population and the fertility *** show that these parameters determine the trend toward equilibrium of the whole ecosystem.

关键词： Lotka-Volterra equations Penna model evolution.

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Losses Estimation in Transonic Wet Steam Flow through Linear Blade Cascade

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Journal of Thermal Science 2015年第2期24卷 109-116页

作者： Sawomir Dykas mirosaw Majkut Micha Strozik Krystian Smoka Institute of Power Engineering and Turbomachinery Silesian University of Technology

Experimental investigations of non-equilibrium spontaneous condensation in transonic steam flow were carded out in linear blade cascade. The linear cascade consists of the stator blades of the last stage of low pressure steam turbine. The applied experimental test section is a part of a small scale steam power plant located at Silesian Uni- versity of Technology in Gliwice. The steam parameters at the test section inlet correspond to the real conditions in low pressure part of 200MWe steam turbine. The losses in the cascade were estimated using measured static pressure and temperature behind the cascade and the total parameters at inlet. The static pressure measurements on the blade surface as well as the Schlieren pictures were used to assess the flow field in linear cascade of steam turbine stator blades.

关键词： wet steam condensation transonic flow losses

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Impact of diet on long-term decline in gastric cancer incidence in Poland

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第1期17卷 89-97页

作者： mirosaw Jarosz Wodzimierz Sekua Ewa Rychlik Katarzyna Figurska Department of Dietetics and Nutrition in Hospitals with Clinic of Metabolic Diseases and Gastroenterology National Food and Nutrition Institute02-903 WarsawPoland Independent Laboratory of the Economics of Food and Nutrition National Food and Nutrition Institute02-903 WarsawPoland

AIM:To examine the relationship between the trends in food consumption and gastric cancer morbidity in ***:The study was based on gastric cancer incidence rates and consumption of vegetables,fruit,vitamin C and salt in Poland between 1960 and *** consumption data were derived from the national food balance sheets or household budget *** correlation coefficients were used to estimate the relationship between the ***:A negative correlation was found between vegetables(-0.70 both for men and women;P < 0.0001),fruit(-0.65 and-0.66;P < 0.0001) and vitamin C(-0.75 and-0.74;P < 0.0001) consumption and stomach cancer incidence *** same applied to the availability of refrigerators in the household(-0.77 and-0.80;P < 0.0001).A decline in these rates could also be linked to reduction in salt ***:The decline of gastric cancer incidence probably resulted from increased consumption of vegetables,fruit and vitamin C and a decrease in salt consumption.

关键词： Vegetables Fruit Vitamin C Salt Gastric cancer

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