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Contemporary Themes in Language Teacher Education

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中国外语 2010年第4期7卷 84-89页

作者： Simon borg University of Leeds

1 Introduction In this talk I provide a contemporary overview of the field of language teacher education (LTE).Following brief comments on the global and varied scope of LTE and its relatively recent history as a field of inquiry,I examine in turn a number of central themes highlighted in current LTE *** are:(1) Teacher cognition; (2) The knowledge base for LTE;(3) Knowledge about language;(4) Reflective practice;(5)

关键词： LTE

Regioselective Acylation of 2＇- or 3＇-Hydroxyl Group in Salicin： Hemisynthesis of Acylated Salicins

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2014年第5期30卷 774-777页

作者： SHAO Chen PEI Yuxin borg-KARLSON Anna-Karin PEI Zhichao College of Science Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 P. R. China KTH Royal Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry Stockholm S-10044 Sweden

Salicin-based phenolic glycosides（PGs） are important defensive substances against herbivore feeding and have good bioactivities. In this work, a novel approach for the synthesis of salicin-based PGs has been developed, by which PGs of 2＇-O-acetylsaliein（5a）, 3＇-O-acetylsalicin（gb） and 3＇-O-benzoylsalicin（Sd） were hemisynthesized. The effects of acylation reagent, solvent and temperature on the regioselective acylation of 2＇- or 3＇-hydroxyl groups of salicin mediated by dibutyltin oxide were investigated. The optimal conditions under which the best regioselectivity reached for 5a-5d were discovered, respectively. Moreover, a tentative tin-oxygen coordination mechanism was put forward to explain the different regioselectivities shown under different conditions.

关键词： Regioselective acylation Salicin Phenolic glycoside Tin-oxygen coordination Hemisynthesis

On the Role of Security in the System of Personal Values:Are Conservatives Prioritizing Security?

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Macro Management & Public Policies 2023年第2期5卷 1-13页

作者： Ingwer borg Fachrichtung Psychologie Westfälische-Wilhelms-UniversitätFliednerstr.21Münster48149Germany

Security is a value contained in most theories of personal ***,while the relations among the most basic values are clear and reliable,the role of security in the system of values remains *** striving for security are often also striving for tradition and conformity but sometimes they are focusing more on other values(such as health values,for example).Based on eight representative surveys(N=24,000)in several German cities between 1998 and 2022,the author shows that when measuring security without suggesting a particular meaning of this notion,security takes a relatively central position within the system of values and their components(shown by multidimensional scaling,MDS).People striving for security also emphasize the importance of law and order,working hard,and having a good family life as guiding principles in their *** is not that important for them,and having an exciting life is even negatively *** has little impact on the MDS structure of values and their components,even though people exhibit substantial changes in the relative weights they assign to many values as they get older.

关键词： Personal values Security Value circle Age Gender Multidimensional scaling

Crustal architecture and metallogeny associated with the Paleo-Tethys evolution in the Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt,Northern Tibetan Plateau

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第6期14卷 286-306页

作者： Xinming Zhang Xu Zhao Lebing Fu Yanjun Li Andreas Kamradt M.Santosh Chongwen Xu Xiaokun Huang Gregor borg Junhao Wei School of Earth Resource China University of GeoscienceWuhan 430074China Institute of Geosciences and Geography Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergHalle(Saale)06120Germany CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China School of Earth Science and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Department of Earth Sciences University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia

The Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt(EKOB)in the Northern Tibet Plateau hosts a wide variety of metal deposits related to the Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic *** this study,we investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of the Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic granitic rocks and associated metal deposits in the EKOB and provide a comprehensive compilation of the geochronological,geochemical and isotopic data on these *** compute regional zircon Hf isotope and crustal thickness maps from the data,based on which a comprehensive model is proposed involving subduction(ca.270–240 Ma),continental collision(ca.240–224 Ma),and post-collisional extension(ca.224–200 Ma)for the Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic Paleo-Tethys evolution in the *** Hf isotopic and crustal thickness mapping of Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic magmatic rocks was carried out to evaluate their spatio-temporal and genetic links with the regional *** polymetallic Fe-skarn and porphyry Cu(Mo)deposits in the EKOB are located above the Moho uplift region,featuring a comparatively thin *** associated with porphyry Cu(Mo)and polymetallic Fe skarn mineralization are commonly characterized by highε_(Hf)(t)and younger T_(DM)cvalues,whereas granite related to Cu-Mo-Sn skarn deposits exhibit more variableε_(Hf)(t)values,T_(DM)c ages,and the crust thickness,which suggest that more crustal materials contributed to the formation of Cu-Mo-Sn skarn deposits than those for porphyry Cu(Mo)and polymetallic Fe skarn *** contrast,vein-type Au deposits are located primarily where the Moho surface displays a depression,i.e.,where the continental crust is relatively *** magmatic rocks associated with Au mineralization are characterized by lowε_(Hf)(t)and high T_(DM)cvalues,representing reworked ancient crustal components,similar to those associated with porphyry Mo and epithermal Ag-Pb-Zn-(Au)*** study indicates that the emplacement of magmatic-hydrothermal deposits was controlled

关键词： Hf-isotopic mapping Crustal thickness Metallogeny Tectonic evolution Crustal architecture Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt

On People’s Worries about Becoming a Victim of Events or Conditions Often Blamed on Those up There

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Macro Management & Public Policies 2023年第4期5卷 41-54页

作者： Ingwer borg Dieter Hermann Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität Münster48149Germany Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg69117Germany

The authors study people’s worries about becoming victimized by events and conditions often blamed on“those up there”.Excessive worries are bad for people’s performance because they lead to risk avoidance and lower *** two representative surveys conducted in Germany,it is found that victimization concerns are positively correlated with people’s gender,previous victimization,their estimated likelihood of being victimized,their fear of crime,their crime-avoidance behavior,their striving for tradition and security,and their negative attitudes toward *** correlations are found for people’s education,their striving for universalism,and their social *** considering all predictors combined,people’s expected likelihood to become victimized is found to be the optimal predictor of victimization *** is recommended that management concentrates on setting realistic levels of such risk estimates to avoid negative effects on people’s performance.

关键词： Worries Concerns Fear of crime Performance management Personal values

Inside and Outside Perspectives on the Relation of People’s Personal Values and Their Acceptance of Legal Norms

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Macro Management & Public Policies 2021年第4期3卷 1-13页

作者： Ingwer borg Dieter Hermann Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität MünsterGermany Ruprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergGermany

Based on a representative survey on crime prevention,this paper studies how personal values are related to persons’acceptance of legal norms(LNA).We here take a closer look at these relations than previous ***,in particular,are classified into different offense types,and the persons’ratings are studied both as observed and as individually centered *** is found that conservation-oriented persons give higher and less differentiated badness ratings to all offenses than persons striving for hedonism and *** correlational structure of basic personal values and norm acceptance ratings for 14 different offenses,when represented via multidimensional scaling,exhibits that conservation orientation becomes a better predictor of LNA of all offense types if it is augmented by an additional value,peace of *** looking at centered ratings(i.e.,controlling for each person’s mean ratings),social values become the best predictors of offenses such as tax evasion,benefits fraud,or taking *** on the impact of personal values on general norm acceptance should,therefore,be replaced with more differentiated relations on how particular values are related to people’s attitudes towards particular offenses.

关键词： Norm acceptance Legal norms Norm compliance Personal values

Severe COVID-19 patients exhibit an ILC2 NKG2D^(+) population in their impaired ILC compartment

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第2期18卷 484-486页

作者： Alejandra Gomez-Cadena Laurie Spehner Marie Kroemer Myriam Ben Khelil Kevin Bouiller Grégory Verdeil Sara Trabanelli Christophe borg Romain Loyon Camilla Jandus Department of Pathology and Immunology University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerlandand Ludwig Institute for Cancer ResearchLausanneSwitzerland University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté INSERMEFS BFCUMR1098RIGHT Interactions Greffon-Hôte-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et GéniqueF-25000BesançonFrance Department of Pharmacy University Hospital of BesançonF-25000BesançonFrance Department of Infectious Disease University Hospital of BesançonF-25000BesançonFrance UMR-CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environment UniversitéBourgogne Franche-ComtéF-25000BesançonFrance Department of Oncology UNIL-CHUVUniversity of Lausanne1066EpalingesSwitzerland Department of Medical Oncology University Hospital of BesançonF-25000BesançonFrance

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is responsible for the current COVID-19 disease *** some patients,the symptoms are mild,and a fraction of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals develop severe illness with a high fatality rate due to lung damage and acute respiratory distress syndrome.1 Innate lymphoid cells(ILCs)are a recently identified type of effector immune cells that rapidly sense environmental stimuli and participate in early immune responses by promptly secreting large amounts of cytokines.2 The ILC2 subpopulation was shown to mediate Type 2 responses and to recruit eosinophils during viral lung infections upon the release of alarmins(e.g.,IL-33)by damaged epithelial cells.3,4,5 ILC2s were also shown to participate in the termination of inflammatory responses and tissue repair by amphiregulin *** addition,ILC2s are critical in the early phases of allergic lung inflammation,including that induced by the protease allergen papain.6 Based on the essential function of the papain-like protease PLpro in regulating SARS-CoV-27(Fig.1a)and the severe lung damage caused by this virus,we sought to investigate the potential involvement of ILC2s in immune responses to COVID-19.

关键词： impaired patients acute

Case report: Effect of immunoglobulin on pain in Post-Polio Syndrome—Three case reports

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Pain Studies and Treatment 2013年第1期1卷 1-3页

作者： Lars Werhagen Kristian borg Division of Rehabilitation Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences Karolinska Institutet Danderyd University Hospital Danderyd Sweden

Study design: Case reports. Setting: University hospital setting. Objective: To analyze the effect of intravenous immunoglobulin on neuropathic and nociceptive pain in three patients with Post-Polio Syndrome (PPS). Materials and Methods: Three patients with PPS and pain who received treatment with 90 g IvIg are described. Results: Before treatment one of the patients had pure neuropathic pain and the other two had a combination of neuropathic and nociceptive pain. There was no effect on pain in the patient with pure neuropathic pain and only effect on the nociceptive pain in the patients with a combination of neuropathic and nociceptive pain. Discussion: Pain is one of the most common symptoms in PPS. Previous studies have shown an effect on pain in PPS patients receiving IvIg. The results of the present study point to that the effect on pain is limited to nociceptive pain and that there is no effect on neuropathic pain which leads to increased knowledge of characterization of responders of IvIg treatment. Conclusion: IvIg treatment treatmentreduces nociceptive but not neuropathic pain in PPS patients.

关键词： Post-Polio Syndrome Pain Immunoglobulin Treatment

Temporal trends in 6-minute walking distance for older Japanese adults between 1998 and 2017

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第4期10卷 462-469页

作者： Grant R.Tomkinson Tetsuhiro Kidokoro Trevor J.Dufner Shingo Noi John S.Fitzgerald Holly M.Brown-borg Department of Education Health and Behavior StudiesUniversity of North DakotaGrand ForksND 58202USA Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity(ARENA)School of Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSA 5000Australia Department of Health&Physical Education International Christian UniversityTokyo 181-8585Japan Nippon Sport Science University Tokyo 158-8508Japan Department of Biomedical Sciences University of North DakotaGrand ForksND 58202USA

Background:The 6-minute walking distance(6MWD)is an excellent measure of both functional endurance and *** primary aim of this study was to estimate temporal trends in 6MWD for older Japanese adults between 1998 and 2017;the secondary aim was to estimate concurrent trends in body size(i.e.,height and mass)and self-reported participation in exercise/***:Adults aged 65-79 years were *** nationally representative 6MWD data(n=103,505)for the entire period were obtained from the Japanese Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and *** trends in means(and relative frequencies)were estimated at the gender-age level by best-fitting sample-weighted linear/polynomial regression models,with national trends estimated by a post-stratified population-weighting *** trends in distributional variability were estimated as the ratio of coefficients of ***:Between 1998 and 2017 there was a steady,moderate improvement in mean 6MWD(absolute=45 m(95%confidence interval(95%CI):43-47);percent=8.0%(95%CI:7.6%-8.4%);effect size=0.51(95%CI:0.48-0.54)).Gender-and age-related temporal differences in means were *** in 6MWD declined substantially(ratio of coefficients of variation=0.89,95%CI:0.87-0.92),with declines larger for women compared to men,and for 75-79-year-olds compared to ***,there were moderate and negligible increases in mean height and mass,respectively,and negligible increases in the percentage who participated in exercise/sport at least 3 days per week and at least 30 min per ***:There has been a steady,moderate improvement in mean 6MWD for older Japanese adults since 1998,which is suggestive of corresponding improvements in both functional endurance and *** substantial decline in variability indicates that the temporal improvement in mean 6MWD was not uniform across the *** in 6MWD are probably influenced by correspond

关键词： Aerobic exercise Aged Fitness testing Physical fitness Secular change