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Clinical significance of occult hepatitis B virus infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第12期17卷 1549-1552页

作者： miriam Romero Antonio Madejón Conrado Fernández-Rodríguez Javier García-Samaniego Hepatology Unit Hospital Carlos ⅢCIBERehd28029 MadridSpain Service of Gastroenterology Hospital Universitario Fundación AlcorcónAv Budapest-128922 AlcorcónMadridSpain

Occult hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection(OBI) is defined as the presence of HBV DNA in the liver(with or without detectable HBV DNA in serum) for individuals testing HBV surface antigen *** recently,the clinical effect of OBI was unclear on the progression of liver disease;on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma;and on the risk for reactivation or transmission of HBV *** studies suggest a high prevalence of OBI among patients with cryptogenic chronic liver disease,but its role in the progression to cirrhosis remains *** OBI has been well documented in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) -positive patients,especially among those coinfected with hepatitis C virus,further studies are needed to determine its current clinical impact in HIV setting.

关键词：秘密肝炎 B 病毒感染肝疾病起因不明的 cirrosis 肝炎 B 病毒 coinfection 人的免疫不全病毒

Selenium Concentrations in Southeastern Missouri Soils and Its Impact on Livestock Nutrition

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Agricultural Sciences 2022年第12期13卷 1363-1378页

作者： Michael Aide Indi Braden Shakirah Nakasagga Kevin Sargent Samantha Siemers miriam Snider Marissa Wilson Department of Agriculture Southeast Missouri State University Cape Girardeau USA

Selenium is a trace element in animal nutrition provided through forage. Vegetation should accumulate adequate levels to meet this livestock requirement. This study assessed southeastern Missouri soils for their selenium concentrations. Multiple sites across southeastern Missouri were sampled, from which a total of twenty-six soils were collected. Parent materials ranged from coarse to fine-textured alluvium and terrace deposits, colluvium, loess, limestone residuum and rhyolite residuum from poor to well-drained soils. The mean whole soil selenium contents ranged from less than 0.1 mg Se kg-1 for the Kaintuck pedons to 1.0, 2.2, and 2.4 mg Se kg-1 for the Irondale, Killarney, and Frenchmill pedons. For individual soils, Menfro pedons were deep, well-drained soils developed in loess. Paired Menfro pedons having similar soil morphology and having A-E-BE-Bt-C horizon sequences were selected and the greatest selenium concentrations were in the argillic horizons. Soils having fine textures (clayey) had moderate selenium concentrations, whereas soils having coarse textures (sandy) revealed minimal selenium concentrations. A wide soil selenium concentration variation was shown;however, no toxic selenium levels were measured. Therefore, soil selenium toxicity is not a regional issue. Noting that soil selenium concentrations in medium to fine-textured soils are appropriate for providing selenium to livestock, the need to artificially soil incorporate selenium or add selenium into the livestock ration remains critical for coarse-textured soils.

关键词： Selenite Selenide Animal Nutrition Soil Forages Animal Health Selenomethionine

Recent advancements in the analysis of bone microstructure: new dimensions in forensic anthropology

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Forensic Sciences Research 2018年第4期3卷 294-309页

作者： Janna M.Andronowski Christian Crowder miriam Soto Martinez Department of Biology The University of AkronAkronOHUSA Harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences HoustonTXUSA

Bone is a mechanically active,three-dimensionally(3D)complex,and dynamic tissue that changes in structure over the human *** tissue exists and remodels in 3D and changes over time,introducing a fourth *** products of the remodelling process,secondary and fragmentary osteons,have been studied substantially using traditional two-dimensional(2D)*** a result,much has been learned regarding the biological information encrypted in the histomorphology of bone,yielding a wealth of information relating to skeletal structure and ***-dimensional imaging modalities,however,hold the potential to provide a much more comprehensive understanding of bone *** visualization and analysis of bone using high-resolution 3D imaging will improve current understandings of bone biology and have numerous applications in both biological anthropology and *** recent technological advancements,we can hone current anthropological applications of the analysis of bone microstructure and accelerate research into the third and fourth dimensional *** review will explore the methodological approaches used historically by anthropologists to assess cortical bone microstructure,spanning from histology to current ex vivo imaging modalities,discuss the growing capabilities of in vivo imaging,and conclude with an introduction of novel nonhistological modalities for investigating bone quality.

关键词： Forensic science forensic anthropology cortical bone synchrotron micro-CT in vivo ex vivo histological age estimation bone quality

Effect of climate and altitude on plant community composition and richness in Brazilian inselbergs

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第8期17卷 1931-1941页

作者： Herval Vieira PINTO-JUNIOR Pedro Manuel VILLA Luis Fernando Tavares de MENEZES miriam Cristina Alvarez PEREIRA Universidade Federal de Vigosa Department of Plant BiologyLaboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plants36570-900Vicosa-MGBrazil Universidade Federal de Vigosa Department of Forest EngineeringLaboratory of Forest Restoration36570-900Vicosa-MGBrazil Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo Department of Agrarian and Biological SciencesLaboratory of Ecology of Restinga and Mata Atlantica29932-900Sao Mateus-ESBrazil Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo Department of Biology29500-000Alegre-ESBrazil

Plant communities are shaped by multiple factors along environmental gradients;however,studies are limited on how environmental filtering drives community composition and species richness on tropical *** evaluate the influence of altitude and climatic variables related to temperature and precipitation on plant community composition and species richness on Brazilian *** assume as a premise that both climate and altitude would induce changes on plant community composition and species richness at the local *** used plant inventory data from 370 sampling units across four inselberg sites in the Atlantic Forest of Espírito Santo State,south-eastern *** tested the univariate and multivariate effects of altitude and climate variables on community composition and species richness with multiple *** in species richness between inselbergs were evaluated using sample-based data to estimate rarefaction and extrapolation *** addition,differences in species composition and taxonomic beta diversity were examined via novel frequency-based metrics.A contrasting climate pattern was observed between the inselberg sites,with south sites being wet compared to the dry conditions found in northern *** richness by rarefaction showed a similar pattern within regional sites;however,there were marked differences between *** richness and beta diversity showed significant differences among sites,with higher values in southern sites than in northern *** a multi-model comparison between inselberg sites,altitude significantly influenced community composition and species richness and explained more variance than climate *** finding suggested that climate could act to some extent on these tropical inselbergs;however,altitude was a better predictor of plant community composition and species richness at the local level.

关键词： Atlantic Forest Biome Beta diversity Abiotic filtering Climate models Environmental filtering Latitudinal gradient

Preparation and Compaction Behaviour of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Coated Iron Microparticles

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2010年第5期26卷 454-460页

作者： Daniela Kladeková Renáta Orináková Annamária Krajníková miriam Kupková Margita Kabátová Kveta Markuová Institute of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceP.J.afárik University in Koice Institute of Materials Research of the Slovak Academy of Sciences in Koice

The poly（methyl methacrylate）（PMMA） coatings onto surface of iron particles were electrochemically prepared and the effect on both surface structure and internal structure of the resulted material after compaction was carried *** electrochemical polymerization treatment was performed in a fluidized bed electrolyzer using sulphuric acid solution containing potassium persulphate and methyl methacrylate（MMA）.The surface topography and the microstructure of the samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and optical microscopy（OM）.It was found that the PMMA layer coated onto iron particles results in improvement of their compressibility compared with uncoated powders,and classical lubricants are not necessary for compacting particles coated.

关键词： Cathodic electropolymerization Poly(methyl methacrylate) coating Surface appearance Microstructure Compaction process

Role of osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand axis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第19期24卷 2073-2082页

作者： Lucia Pacifico Gian Marco Andreoli miriam D'Avanzo Delia De Mitri Pasquale Pierimarchi Policlinico Umberto I Hospital Sapienza University of Rome Institute of Translational Pharmacology National Research Council

Concomitantly with the increase in the prevalences of overweight/obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) has worldwide become the main cause of chronic liver disease in both adults and children. Patients with fatty liver display features of metabolic syndrome(Met S), like insulin resistance(IR), glucose intolerance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Recently, epidemiological studies have linked obesity, Met S, and NAFLD to decreased bone mineral density and osteoporosis, highlighting an intricate interplay among bone, adipose tissue, and liver. Osteoprotegerin(OPG), an important symbol of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B/OPG system activation, typically considered for its role in bone metabolism, may also play critical roles in the initiation and perpetuation of obesityrelated comorbidities. Clinical data have indicated that OPG concentrations are associated with hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, vascular calcification, endothelial dysfunction, and severity of liver damage in chronic hepatitis C. Nonetheless, the relationship between circulating OPG and IR as a key feature of Met S as well as between OPG and NAFLD remains uncertain. Thus, the aims of the present review are to provide the existent knowledge on these associations and to discuss briefly the underlying mechanisms linking OPG and NAFLD.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Insulin resistance Metabolic syndrome Osteoprotegerin Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand

Stiff Person with Anti-GAD Antibodies

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2023年第6期12卷 168-173页

作者： Saad Abdul Kareem Bharadwaj Adithya Sateesh Lars J. Berg Girma Ayele Betelehem Atalay miriam Michael Internal Medicine Department Howard University Hospital Washington DC USA Department of Medicine American University of Antigua St. John Antigua and Barbuda University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA Washington Medical Center Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Internal Medicine University of Maryland Baltimore USA

Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) is a rare autoimmune disease related to the lack of inhibition of excitatory neurons in the central nervous system leading to multiple motor dysfunction and symptoms due to uncontrolled motor neuron firing. The pathophysiology of the disease is not completely understood;however, high titers of Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (anti-GAD Ab) have been found in such patients, which leads to its high association with the disease. We present a case of a 52-year-old female with a 20-year history of ongoing gait and balance issues. She is diagnosed with multiple conditions, including stiff person syndrome (GAD+), spinocerebellar ataxia with epilepsy, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes mellitus, IgA deficiency, hypothyroidism, and pernicious anemia. She presented in our institution with a history of a recent fall from a wheelchair. We review the case presentation and association of anti-GAD antibodies with stiff person syndrome and its treatment.

关键词： Stiff Person Autoimmune GAD Plasmapheresis GABA GAD+

Highly efficient surface-emitting semiconductor lasers exploiting quasi-crystalline distributed feedback photonic patterns

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1498-1508页

作者： Simone Biasco Andrea Ciavatti Lianhe Li AGiles Davies Edmund H.Linfield Harvey Beere David Ritchie miriam S.Vitiello NEST CNR-Istituto Nanoscienze and Scuola Normale SuperiorePiazza San Silvestro 1256127 PisaItaly School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeCambridge CB30HEUK

Quasi-crystal distributed feedback lasers do not require any form of mirror cavity to amplify and extract *** implemented on the top surface of a semiconductor laser,a quasi-crystal pattern can be used to tune both the radiation feedback and the extraction of highly radiative and high-quality-factor optical modes that do not have a defined symmetric or anti-symmetric ***,this methodology offers the possibility to achieve efficient emission,combined with tailored spectra and controlled beam ***,we apply this concept to a onedimensional quantum cascade wire *** lithographically patterning a series of air slits with different widths,following the Octonacci sequence,on the top metal layer of a double-metal quantum cascade laser operating at THz frequencies,we can vary the emission from single-frequency-mode to multimode over a 530-GHz bandwidth,achieving a maximum peak optical power of 240mW(190 mW)in multimode(single-frequency-mode)lasers,with record slope efficiencies for multimode surface-emitting disordered THz lasers up to ≈570 mW/A at 78 K and ≈720 mW/A at 20 K and wall-plug efficiencies of η≈1%.

关键词： lasers surface quantum