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Seasonal Variation in Physicochemical Properties of Groundwater, a Case Study of Kamiti-Marengeta Subcatchment Kiambu, Kenya

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2022年第2期14卷 72-85页

作者： miriam judith adongo Mary Kalibala Makokha Joy Apiyo Obando Jacob Odhiambo Ochieng Department of Geography Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya Department of Environmental Science Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya

The seasonal variation and quality status of groundwater systems of Kamiti-Marengeta sub-catchment were evaluated through analysis of boreholes and 17 shallow wells water samples in May 2016 and September 2017. Consequently, the results were compared against the Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water purposes, and its suitability for drinking was established. The results showed that turbidity, calcium, potassium, iron, and fluoride levels in some of the boreholes and pH, calcium, sodium, and iron levels in some shallow wells exceeded the KEBS and WHO standards for drinking water quality. Turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and total hardness significantly varied across the regions of the study, and one-way ANOVA (P < 0.05) indicated a significant difference in the mean concentration of electrical conductivity, turbidity, total hardness, calcium, and iron in boreholes and in all parameters in shallow wells except for magnesium during the two seasons. The findings of this study provide baseline information on the quality of the groundwater systems of the area. It also contributes to knowledge on seasonal variation of groundwater quality of volcanic aquifers like the Nairobi Aquifer System (NAS) which is important for water quality monitoring.

关键词： Groundwater Water Quality Seasonal Variation

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Hydrochar and synthetic natural gas co-production for a full circular economy implementation via hydrothermal carbonization and methanation:An economic approach

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第6期140卷 69-78页

作者： judith González-Arias Guillermo Torres-Sempere miriam González-Castaño Francisco MBaena-Moreno Tomás RReina Inorganic Chemistry Department and Materials Sciences Institute University of Seville-CSICSevilleSpain Materials Sciences Institute(ICMSE) CSIC-University of SevilleSevilleSpain Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSE 41296Sweden

Herein we study the economic performance of hydrochar and synthetic natural gas coproduction from olive tree *** process entails a combination of hydrothermal carbonization and *** a previous work,we evidenced that standalone hydrochar production via HTC results ***,we propose a step forward on the process design by implementing a methanation,adding value to the gas effluent in an attempt to boost the overall process techno-economic *** different plant capacities were analyzed(312.5,625 and 1250 kg/hr).The baseline scenarios showed that,under the current circumstances,our circular economy strategy in *** analysis of the revenues shows that hydrochar selling price have a high impact on NPV and subsidies for renewable coal production could help to boost the profitability of the *** the contrary,the analysis for natural gas prices reveals that prices 8 times higher than the current ones in Spain must be achieved to reach *** seems unlikely even under the presence of a strong subsidy *** costs analysis suggests that a remarkable electricity cost reduction or electricity consumption of the HTC stage could be a potential strategy to reach profitability ***,significant reduction of green hydrogen production costs is deemed instrumental to improve the economic performance of the *** results show the formidable techno-economic challenge that our society faces in the path towards circular economy societies.

关键词： Hydrothermal carbonization CO_(2)waste valorization Methanation Profitability analysis

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Proteoliposome and Polysaccharide-Based Meningococcal Vaccine Are Immunogenic in Infants and Toddlers and Primes for Memory against Serogroup C Polysaccharide

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World Journal of Vaccines 2013年第2期3卷 77-87页

作者： Oliver Pérez Belkis Romeu judith del Campo Caridad Zayas miriam Lastre Immunology Department Basic Research Vice Direction Finlay Institute Havana Cuba

Neisseria meningitidis capsular polysaccharides are the main target of the protective immune response against bacterial meningitis. They are thymus-independent type 2 (TI-2) antigens that are poorly immunogenic and not protective in young children, and their administration may impair subsequent challenge with the same polysaccharide. These problems have been addressed using three different vaccines consisting of 1) polysaccharide alone, 2) polysaccharide covalently conjugated to a carrier protein, and 3) polysaccharide with Proteoliposome (PL) adsorbed onto Al(OH)3. VA-MENGOC-BC? is one of the third types of vaccine. It contains PL (detergent-extracted external membrane proteins forming vesicles) and polysaccharide (Ps) from N. meningitidis serogroups B and C (PsC), respectively. Nevertheless, there is a concern that to overcome the TI-2 nature of Ps the covalently conjugation to a carrier is mandatory. Therefore, we evaluated the immune response induced by VA-MENGOC-BC? in infants and toddlers in order to determine whether it stimulates the response against the PsC. High IgG anti PsC and anti PL responses were seen following the administration of two doses in infants and toddlers, after a 3rd dose in pre-teenagers, and after confirmed carrier stages in young adults. The anti PL IgG response persisted longer than anti PsC IgG response and IgM response against both antigens was maintained. An IgG1 anti PL response predominated, as well as IgG4 > IgG3 > IgG1 anti PsC responses. These results suggest that non-covalent incorporation of PsC onto Al(OH)3 containing?PL as adjuvant is immunogenic, primes for memory, and induces long-lasting specific antibody response. The improved PsC immunogenicity of this vaccine may be due to the preferential and potent Th1 response induced in mice and human by the PL as adjuvant.

关键词： Proteoliposome Meningococcal Vaccine Infants Memory Response Polysaccharide

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旧时玛雅女性的服饰与身份

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中国国家博物馆馆刊 2014年第12期 18-22页

作者： M.J.G.戈莫拉董伯韬墨西哥国立人类学历史学研究所-塔瓦斯科研究中心不详

只有人类才使用毛皮、树叶、草木纤维的编织物来遮身蔽体,并以此确立个人的社会身份。但是,在一定条件下,意在遮掩的服饰却反将一个人暴露无遗。简而言之,服饰是个人特征的主要构成因素,显示了一个人所处的社会阶层。社会共同体决定了... 详细信息

只有人类才使用毛皮、树叶、草木纤维的编织物来遮身蔽体,并以此确立个人的社会身份。但是,在一定条件下,意在遮掩的服饰却反将一个人暴露无遗。简而言之,服饰是个人特征的主要构成因素,显示了一个人所处的社会阶层。社会共同体决定了个体的着装方式、行为习惯与生活态度。譬如,无论尼日利亚的卡拉巴里妇女还是墨西哥克萨尔特南戈的玛雅女性,她们的穿戴打扮皆应与其年龄相符。遮身蔽体是服饰的首要目标。实现这一目标不仅要适应气候条件,而且要符合穿衣人的身份地位以及所处社会的流风遗俗。人们在穿衣时每每有意遮掩或凸显身体的某些部位,

关键词：服饰女性玛雅个人特征社会身份社会共同体社会阶层生活态度

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