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Rangeland restoration in Jordan:Restoring vegetation cover by water harvesting measures

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第4期10卷 610-622页

作者： mira haddad Stefan Martin Strohmeier Kossi Nouwakpo Omar Rimawi Mark Weltz Geert Sterk Restoration Initiative on Dryland Ecosystem Resilient Agrosilvopastoral Systems(RASP)International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas(ICARDA)AmmanJordan Department of Water Atmosphere and EnvironmentInstitute of Soil Physics and Rural Water ManagementUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory Agriculture Research Service(ARS)United States Department for Agriculture(USDA)KimberlyIDUSA Department of Applied and Environmental Geology Faculty of ScienceThe University of JordanAmmanJordan Great Basin Rangelands Research Agriculture Research Service(ARS)United State Department for Agriculture(USDA)RenoNVUSA Geosciences Department of Physical GeographyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherland

Restoration of the degraded rangelands in Jordan using mechanized water harvesting and native species planting has become key to enhancing and maintaining the productivity and resilience of fragile ecosystems.A balanced interaction between the rangeland's hydrology and vegetation states is vital for achieving long-term *** gain a better insight into the impact of restoration on surface runoff and erosion and its role in recovering the ecosystem functions,we used the Rangeland Hydrological and Erosion Model(RHEM)to simulate various vegetation *** research aims to understand the rangelands'water and sediment dynamics and the vegetation transition states of the ecosystem through evaluating the current(degraded)situation,assess the restoration approach on improving the degraded status(restored),and investigate the long-term sustainability of the restoration approach compared with historical rangeland conditions(baseline).Several scenarios were developed with rangeland experts,local community representatives,and measurements at protected and restored areas to represent the rangeland *** found that restoration of the degraded Badia areas will decrease annual surface runoff from an average of 23.5 to 19.1 mm/year and soil erosion rate from 3.3 to 1.3 tons/*** time,restoration can bring back rangeland water and sediment dynamics closer towards the baseline conditions,which were 16.9 mm/year runoff rates and 0.85 ton/ha/year soil *** results indicate that restoration is a promising methodology to restore the degraded ecosystem and approximate the environment's historical hydrological regime.

关键词： soil measures runoff

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Heat units-based potential yield assessment for cotton production in Uzbekistan

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2021年第6期14卷 137-144页

作者： Gianni Montanaro Vinay Nangia Prasanna Gowda Shukhrat Mukhamedjanov Azamat Mukhamedjanov mira haddad Tulkun Yuldashev Weicheng Wu International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas(ICARDA) Rabat InstitutsRue Hafiane CherkaouiRabatMorocco Forage and Livestock Production Research Unit USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research LaboratoryEl RenoOK 73036USA Scientific-Information Center of the Interstate Coordination Water Commission of the Central Asia(SIC ICWC) TashkentUzbekistan International Water Management Institute TashkentUzbekistan Key Laboratory of Digital Land and Resources East China Institute of TechnologyNanchang 330013China

Cotton yields in Uzbekistan are significantly lower than those in similar agro-climatic regions,requiring the estimation of crop potential and baseline yield to track progress of production enhancement *** current study estimated potential cotton development and baseline yield(maximum given no production constraints)using total heat units(THU)and potential cotton yield(PCY),*** were based on heat units(HU)for a 30-year(1984-2013)***-term average THU and PCY,as well as PCY at three different exceedance probabilities(p=0.99,p=0.80,and p=0.75),were calculated for 21 selected weather stations across cotton-growing areas of *** confirmation that the current planting date(April 15)is optimal,a comparison of THU with the accepted cotton production cutoff threshold(1444°C)suggested that areas with lower elevations and latitudes are more appropriate for cotton *** gap analysis(relative difference between long-term average PCY and actual yields)confirmed that Uzbekistan cotton production is below potential,while the spatial distribution of yield gaps outlined where efforts should be *** near the stations of Nukus,Kungrad,Chimbay,and Syrdarya should be further investigated as benefit/cost ratio is highest in these areas.A comparison between state-set yield targets and PCY values,taking into account climatic variability,suggested that all areas except Jaslyk,Nurata,and Samarkand have safe,appropriate *** results present a starting-point to aid in strategic actions for Uzbekistan cotton production improvement.

关键词： cotton potential cotton yield yield gap heat unit Uzbekistan agriculture climatic variability target

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Thermal heat flux distribution prediction in an electrical vehicle battery cell using finite element analysis and neural network

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Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation 2024年第3期3卷 54-62页

作者： Luttfi A.Al-haddad Latif Ibraheem Ahmed I.EL-Seesy Alaa Abdulhady Jaber Sinan A.Al-haddad Reza Khosrozadeh Training and Workshops Center University of TechnologyBaghdadIraq Mechanical Engineering Department Memorial University of NewfoundlandNewfoundland and LabradorCanada Mechanical Engineering Department Benha Faculty of EngineeringBenha UniversityBenhaEgypt Mechanical Engineering Department University of TechnologyBaghdadIraq Civil Engineering Department University of TechnologyBaghdadIraq

In terms of battery design and evaluation,Electric Vehicles(EVs)are receiving a great deal of attention as a modern,eco-friendly,sustainable transportation *** this paper,a novel battery pack is designed to maintain a uniform temperature distribution,allowing the battery to operate within its optimal temperature *** proposed battery design is part of a main channel where a portion of cool air will pass from an inlet then exit from an outlet where a uniform temperature distribution is ***,a 3-D model of a battery cell was created,followed by thermal simulation for 15C,25C,and 35C ambient *** simulation results reveal that the temperature distribution is nearly uniform,with slightly higher values in the middle portion of the cell ***,using finite element analysis(FEA),it was determined that the heat flux per unit area is nearly uniform with a slight increase at the ***,a machine learning model is proposed by utilizing a neural network(NN).Lastly,the heat flux values were predicted using the NN model that was *** model was assessed based on statistical measures where a root mean square error(RMSE)value of 0.87%was *** NN outperformed FEA in terms of time consumption with a high prediction accuracy,leveraging the potential of adopting machine learning over FEA in related operational assessments.

关键词： EV battery Thermal distribution Finite element analysis Neural network Heat flux

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The use of green infrastructure and irrigation in the mitigation of urban heat in a desert city

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Building Simulation 2024年第5期17卷 679-694页

作者： Kai Gao Shamila haddad Riccardo Paolini Jie Feng Muzahim Altheeb Abdulrahman AI Mogirah Abdullatif Bin Moammar Mattheos Santamouris School of Built Environment Faculty of ArtsDesign and ArchitectureUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia Royal Commission of Riyadh City RiyadhSaudi Arabia Institute of Future Cities Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina

Severe urban heat,a prevalent climate change consequence,endangers city residents ***-based mitigation strategies are commonly employed to address this ***,the Middle East and North Africa are under investigated in terms of heat mitigation,despite being one of the regions most vulnerable to climate *** study assesses the feasibility and climatic implications of wide-scale implementation of green infrastructure(GI)for heat mitigation in Riyadh,Saudi Arabia—a representative desert city characterized by low vegetation coverage,severe summer heat,and *** research forecasting model(WRF)is used to simulate GI cooling measures in Riyadh’s summer condition,including measures of increasing vegetation coverage up to 60%,considering irrigation and vegetation types(tall/short).In Riyadh,without irrigation,increasing GI fails to cool the city and can even lead to warming(0.1 to 0.3℃).Despite irrigation,Riyadh’s overall GI cooling effect is 50% lower than GI cooling expectations based on literature meta-analyses,in terms of average peak hour temperature *** study highlights that increased irrigation substantially raises the rate of direct soil evaporation,reducing the proportion of irrigation water used for transpiration and thus diminishing ***,water resource management must be tailored to these specific considerations.

关键词： green infrastructure evapotranspiration cooling desert city irrigation urban overheating

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Ensuring Secure Platooning of Constrained Intelligent and Connected Vehicles Against Byzantine Attacks:A Distributed MPC Framework

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Engineering 2024年第2期33卷 35-46页

作者： Henglai Wei Hui Zhang Kamal AI-haddad Yang Shi Department of Mechanical Engineering University of VictoriaVictoriaBC V8W 3P6Canada School of Transportation Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China École de Technologie Supérieure University of QuebecMontrealQC H3C 1K3Canada

This study investigates resilient platoon control for constrained intelligent and connected vehicles(ICVs)against F-local Byzantine *** introduce a resilient distributed model-predictive platooning control framework for such *** framework seamlessly integrates the predesigned optimal control with distributed model predictive control(DMPC)optimization and introduces a unique distributed attack detector to ensure the reliability of the transmitted information among ***,our strategy uses previously broadcasted information and a specialized convex set,termed the“resilience set”,to identify unreliable *** approach significantly eases graph robustness prerequisites,requiring only an(F+1)-robust graph,in contrast to the established mean sequence reduced algorithms,which require a minimum(2F+1)-robust ***,we introduce a verification algorithm to restore trust in vehicles under minor attacks,further reducing communication network *** analysis demonstrates the recursive feasibility of the DMPC ***,the proposed method achieves exceptional control performance by minimizing the discrepancies between the DMPC control inputs and predesigned platoon control inputs,while ensuring constraint compliance and *** results verify the effectiveness of our theoretical findings.

关键词： Model predictive control Resilient control Platoon control Intelligent and connected vehicle Byzantine attacks

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Demystifying polyphosphate-accumulating organisms relevant to wastewater treatment: A review of their phylogeny, metabolism, and detection

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第5期21卷 1-16页

作者： Lucia Ruiz-haddad Muhammad Ali Mario Pronk Mark C.Mvan Loosdrecht Pascal E.Saikaly Environmental Science and Engineering Program Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering(BESE)DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia Water Desalination and Reuse Center Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering(BESE)DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia Department of Civil Structural&Environmental EngineeringTrinity College DublinThe University of DublinDublin2Ireland Department of Biotechnology Delft University of TechnologyDelft2629 HZthe Netherlands

Currently,the most cost-effective and efficient method for phosphorus(P)removal from wastewater is enhanced biological P removal(EPBR)via polyphosphate-accumulating organisms(PAOs).This study integrates a literature review with genomic analysis to uncover the phylogenetic and metabolic diversity of the relevant PAOs for wastewater *** findings highlight significant differences in the metabolic capabilities of PAOs relevant to wastewater ***,Candidatus Dechloromonas and Candidatus Accumulibacter can synthesize polyhydroxyalkanoates,possess specific enzymes for ATP production from polyphosphate,and have electrochemical transporters for acetate and *** contrast,Tetrasphaera,Candidatus Phosphoribacter,Knoellia,and Phycicoccus possess PolyP-glucokinase and electrochemical transporters for sugars/amino ***,this review explores various detection methods for polyphosphate and PAOs in activated sludge wastewater treatment ***,FISH-Raman spectroscopy emerges as one of the most advanced detection ***,this review provides critical insights into PAO research,underscoring the need for enhanced strategies in biological phosphorus removal.

关键词： Polyphosphate-accumulating organisms(PAOs) Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR)Tetrasphaera Ca.accumulibacter Ca.phosphoribacter Knoellia Phycicoccus

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Pilot study on the effect of flavonoids on arterial stiffness and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease

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World Journal of Nephrology 2024年第3期13卷 41-48页

作者： Anastasia Vagopoulou Panagiotis Theofilis Despina Karasavvidou Nasra haddad Dimitris Makridis Stergios Tzimikas Rigas Kalaitzidis Nephrology Department“C.Katsinas” General Hospital of Ptolemaida“Mpodosakeio”Ptolemaida 50200Greece Center for Nephrology“G.Papadakis” General Hospital of Nikaia-Piraeus“Agios Panteleimon”Nikaia-Piraeus 18454Greece

BACKGROUND Flavonoids,the main class of polyphenols,exhibit antioxidant and antihypertensive *** To prospectively investigate the impact of flavonoids on arterial stiffness in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD)stagesⅠ-Ⅳ.METHODS In this prospective,single-arm study,CKD patients with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus were *** demographic,clinical,and laboratory variables were *** received daily treatment with a phenol-rich dietary supplement for 3 *** pressure,arterial stiffness(carotidfemoral pulse wave velocity,central pulse pressure),and oxidative stress markers(protein carbonyls,total phenolic compound,total antioxidant capacity)were measured at baseline and at study *** Sixteen patients(mean age:62.5 years,87.5%male)completed the *** intervention,peripheral systolic blood pressure decreased significantly by 14 mmHg(P<0.001).Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity decreased from 8.9 m/s(baseline)to 8.2 m/s(study end)(P<0.001),and central pulse pressure improved from 59 mmHg to 48 mmHg(P=0.003).Flavonoids also reduced oxidative stress markers including protein carbonyls(P<0.001),total phenolic compound(P=0.001),and total antioxidant capacity(P=0.013).CONCLUSION Flavonoid supplementation in CKD patients shows promise in improving blood pressure,arterial stiffness,and oxidative stress markers.

关键词： Flavonoids Chronic kidney disease Arterial stiffness Oxidative stress Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity

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Uncovering the dominant contribution of intermediate volatility compounds in secondary organic aerosol formation from biomass-burning emissions

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 150-158页

作者： Kun Li Jun Zhang David M.Bell Tiantian Wang Houssni Lamkaddam Tianqu Cui Lu Qi Mihnea Surdu Dongyu Wang Lin Du Imad El haddad Jay G.Slowik Andre S.H.Prevot Environment Research Institute Shandong University Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute

Organic vapors from biomass burning are a major source of secondary organic aerosols(SOAs). Previous smog chamber studies found that the SOA contributors in biomass-burning emissions are mainly volatile organic compounds(VOCs). While intermediate volatility organic compounds(IVOCs) are efficient SOA precursors and contribute a considerable fraction of biomass-burning emissions, their contribution to SOA formation has not been directly observed. Here, by deploying a newly-developed oxidation flow reactor to study SOA formation from wood burning, we find that IVOCs can contribute ～70% of the formed SOA, i.e.>2 times more than VOCs. This previously missing SOA fraction is interpreted to be due to the high wall losses of semi-volatile oxidation products of IVOCs in smog chambers. The finding in this study reveals that SOA production from biomass burning is much higher than previously thought, and highlights the urgent need for more research on the IVOCs from biomass burning and potentially other emission sources.

关键词： atmospheric chemistry biomass burning secondary organic aerosol intermediate volatility organic compounds

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Intermediate HSS bracing members during seismic excitations： modeling, design, and behavior

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2018年第1期12卷 148-162页

作者： Madhar haddad Department of Architectural Engineering United Arab Emirates University P. O. Box 15551 AI Ain UAE

Concentric hollow structural section （HSS） bracing members are used frequently in steel framed structural systems to resist seismic excitations. Finite element modeling of the HSS braces that utilizes the true stress- strain curves produces hysteresis responses that are reasonable matches to the experimental response. True stress-strain curves are obtained from coupon tests or stub-column tests while utilizing an exponential function or strain hardening role with a trial and error procedure to obtain the hysteresis behavior. In the current study, the true stress-strain curves are directly obtained from tests on stub-columns extracted from the full scale HSS bracing members away from the mid- length plastic hinge after cyclic testing. Two experimental tests （Shaback 2001 and haddad 2004） were used to validate the model. Results indicate that the stress-strain curves for these braces are not unique. A refined damage accumulation model for ultra-low-cycle fatigue is implemented to predict fracture of the brace tests. The refined damage model is then used in the finite element modeling to predict fracture of braces in a chevron braced frame of an eight-storey building subjected to selected ground motions analyzed using OpenSees program. Results indicate that all braces could sustain the selected earthquake records without fracture.

关键词： HSS FEM stress-strain curves damage model

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Mediterranean Sea level trends from long-period tide gauge time series

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2020年第1期39卷 157-165页

作者： haddad Mahdi Taibi Hebib Centre of Space Techniques Algerian Space Agency

The main purpose of this study is to highlight, on the basis of statistical tests, the significant long-term changes of the Mediterranean Sea level, through the analysis of historical tide gauge records. In this framework, 14 tide gauge monthly series selected from the Permanent Service of the Mean Sea Level(PSMSL) database were used. The search for the presence or not of trends within these series, that have a temporal coverage from 59 to 142 years, was carried out using the Mann-Kendall test and the Sen’s slope estimator. The obtained results show that the Split Rt Marjana series are the only ones which does not exhibit a significant trend. The other 13 series show significant increasing trends. This result seems sufficient to suppose the presence, in the past century, of a new climatic phase on the scale of the Mediterranean basin, where the rising sea level is one of the consequences.

关键词： sea level tidal heights trend analysis Mann-Kendall test Sen’s slope estimates

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