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Quantitative comparisons of select cultured and uncultured microbial populations in the rumen of cattle fed different diets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2012年第4期3卷 193-198页

作者： minseok kim Zhongtang Yu Department of Animal Sciences The Ohio State University

Background： The number and diversity of uncultured ruminal bacterial and archaeal species revealed by 16S rRNA gene firs） sequences greatly exceeds that of cultured bacteria and archaea. However, the significance of uncultured microbes remains undetermined. The objective of this study was to assess the numeric importance of select uncultured bacteria and cultured bacteria and the impact of diets and microenvironments within cow rumen in a comparative manner. Results： Liquid and adherent fractions were obtained from the rumen of Jersey cattle fed hay alone and Holstein cattle fed hay plus grain. The populations of cultured and uncultured bacteria present in each fraction were quantified using specific real-time PCR assays. The population of total bacteria was similar between fractions or diets, while total archaea was numerically higher in the hay-fed Jersey cattle than in the hay-grain-fed Holstein cattle. The population of the genus Prevotello was about one log smaller than that of total bacteria. The populations of Fibrobocter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flovefociens, the genus Butyrivibrio, and R. albus was at least one log smaller than that of genus Prevotello. Four of the six uncultured bacteria quantified were as abundant as F. succinogenes, R. flovefociens and the genus Butyrivibrio. In addition, the populations of several uncultured bacteria were significantly higher in the adherent fractions than in the liquid fractions. These uncultured bacteria may be associated with fiber degradation. Conclusions： Some uncultured bacteria are as abundant as those of major cultured bacteria in the rumen. Uncultured bacteria may have important contribution to ruminal fermentation. Population dynamic studies of uncultured bacteria in a comparative manner can help reveal their ecological features and importance to rumen functions.

关键词： 16S rRNA gene Real-time PCR Rumen Uncultured bacteria

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Atomic layer deposition for nanoscale oxide semiconductor thin film transistors:review and outlook

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2023年第1期5卷 153-180页

作者： Hye-Mi kim Dong-Gyu kim Yoon-Seo kim minseok kim Jin-Seong Park Division of Materials Science and Engineering Hanyang University222 Wangsimni-roSeongdong-guSeoul 04763Republic of Korea

Since the first report of amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O based thin film transistors,interest in oxide semiconductors has *** offer high mobility,low off-current,low process temperature,and wide flexibility for compositions and ***,depositing oxide semiconductors using conventional processes like physical vapor deposition leads to problematic issues,especially for high-resolution displays and highly integrated memory *** approaches have limited process flexibility and poor conformality on structured *** layer deposition(ALD)is an advanced technique which can provide conformal,thickness-controlled,and high-quality thin film ***,studies on ALD based oxide semiconductors have dramatically increased *** so,the relationships between the film properties of ALD-oxide semiconductors and the main variables associated with deposition are still poorly understood,as are many issues related to *** this review,to introduce ALD-oxide semiconductors,we provide:(a)a brief summary of the history and importance of ALD-based oxide semiconductors in industry,(b)a discussion of the benefits of ALD for oxide semiconductor deposition(in-situ composition control in vertical distribution/vertical structure engineering/chemical reaction and film properties/insulator and interface engineering),and(c)an explanation of the challenging issues of scaling oxide semiconductors and ALD for industrial *** review provides valuable perspectives for researchers who have interest in semiconductor materials and electronic device applications,and the reasons ALD is important to applications of oxide semiconductors.

关键词： atomic layer deposition(ALD) oxide semiconductor thin film transistor(TFT)

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Rumen methanogens and mitigation of methane emission by anti-methanogenic compounds and substances

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 271-288页

作者： Amlan Patra Tansol Park minseok kim Zhongtang Yu Department of Animal Sciences The Ohio State University2029 Fyffe RoadColumbusOH 43210USA Department of Animal Nutrition West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences37 K.B.SaraniBelgachiaKolkata 700037India Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team National Institute ofAnimal ScienceRural Development AdministrationWanju 55365Republicof Korea

Methanogenic archaea reside primarily in the rumen and the lower segments of the intestines of ruminants, where they utilize the reducing equivalents derived from rumen fermentation to reduce carbon dioxide, formic acid, or methylamines to methane（CH_4）. Research on methanogens in the rumen has attracted great interest in the last decade because CH_4 emission from ruminants contributes to global greenhouse gas emission and represents a loss of feed energy. Some DNA-based phylogenetic studies have depicted a diverse and dynamic community of methanogens in the rumen. In the past decade, researchers have focused on elucidating the underpinning that determines and affects the diversity, composition, structure, and dynamics of methanogen community of the rumen. Concurrently, many researchers have attempted to develop and evaluate interventions to mitigate enteric CH_4 emission. Although much work has been done using plant secondary metabolites, other approaches such as using nitrate and 3-nitrooxy propanol have also yielded promising results. Most of these antimethanogenic compounds or substances often show inconsistent results among studies and also lead to adverse effects on feed intake and digestion and other aspects of rumen fermentation when fed at doses high enough to achieve effective mitigation. This review provides a brief overview of the rumen methanogens and then an appraisal of most of the antimethanogenic compounds and substances that have been evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Knowledge gaps and future research needs are also discussed with a focus on methanogens and methane mitigation.

关键词： Anti-methanogenic compound Methanogen Mitigation Protozoa Rumen

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Prospects of Huygens’ Metasurfaces for Antenna Applications

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Engineering 2022年第4期8卷 21-26页

作者： George V.Eleftheriades minseok kim Vasileios G.Ataloglou Ayman H.Dorrah Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3G8Canada

*** In recent years,there has been an intense research effort by the international community in the field of“artificial”electromagnetic materials,or“metamaterials.”Metamaterials are engineered structures that induce a tailored arrangement of magnetic and electric dipole moments when excited by an incident electromagnetic *** certain conditions,such as when the comprising unit cells are sub-wavelength,metamaterials can be homogenized and described in terms of macroscopic constitutive parameters such as permeability,permittivity,and refractive index.A summary of the early work on“artificial dielectrics”can be found in Ref.[1].In the over 20-year-old field of metamaterials,the desired macroscopic parameters correspond to extreme properties such as negative permittivity,negative permeability,and a negative refractive *** the most recognized metamaterial is that which realizes a negative refractive index,originally demonstrated at microwaves and based on a unit cellmade out of a split-ring resonator and a wire[2].In the engineering community,a transmission-line approach was developed for implementing metamaterials with significant advantages,such as reduced transmission losses and wider operating bandwidths[3,4].

关键词： refractive arrangement artificial

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Greywater reuse as a key enabler for improving urban wastewater management

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2023年第4期16卷 52-64页

作者： Arjen Van de Walle minseok kim Md Kawser Alam Xiaofei Wang Di Wu Smruti Ranjan Dash Korneel Rabaey Jeonghwan kim Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology Ghent University9052GhentBelgium Department of Environmental Engineering Program of Environmental and Polymeric EngineeringInha University22212IncheonRepublic of Korea Center for Environmental and Energy Research Ghent University Global Campus119-5IncheonRepublic of Korea

Sustainable water management is essential to guaranteeing access to safe water and addressing the challenges posed by climate change,urbanization,and population *** a typical household,greywater,which includes everything but toilet waste,constitutes 50e80%of daily wastewater generation and is characterized by low organic strength and high *** can be an issue for large urban wastewater treatment plants designed for high-strength *** of greywater at the source for decentralized wastewater treatment is therefore necessary for its proper management using separate treatment *** reuse may thus lead to increased resilience and adaptability of local water systems,reduction in transport costs,and achievement of fit-for-purpose *** covering greywater characteristics,we present an overview of existing and upcoming technologies for greywater *** treatment technologies,such as nature-based technologies,biofilm technologies,and membrane bioreactors(MBR),conjugate with physicochemical treatment methods,such as membrane filtration,sorption and ion exchange technologies,and ultraviolet(UV)disinfection,may be able to produce treated water within the allowable parameters for *** also provide a novel way to tackle challenges like the demographic variance of greywater quality,lack of a legal framework for greywater management,monitoring and control systems,and the consumer perspective on greywater ***,benefits,such as the potential water and energy savings and sustainable future of greywater reuse in an urban context,are discussed.

关键词： Greywater reuse Urban wastewater Decentralized wastewater treatment Sustainable wastewater management

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Reactive oxygen species involved in sulforaphane-induced STAT3 inactivation and apoptosis in DU145 prostate cancer cells

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第34期55卷 3922-3928页

作者： KOH Wonil AHN Kwang Seok JEONG Soo-Jin LEE Hyo-Jung kim minseok LEE Hyo-Jeong LEE Eun-Ok kim Sung-Hoon College of Oriental Medicine Kyung Hee University College of Dental Medicine Tufts UniversityBoston

Signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3(STAT3)is a transcription factor that regulates various cellular processes such as proliferation,survival and angiogenesis in cancer *** the present study,we investigated the mechanisms whereby isothiocyanate sulforaphane(SFN)suppresses STAT3 activation in DU145 prostate cancer *** significantly inhibited SFN-inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation at Tyr705 as well as the deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)binding capability in electrophoresis mobility shift assay(EMSA)in time-and concentration-dependent *** also abrogated the Janus activated kinase 2(JAK2)*** addition,SFN down-regulated STAT3-related gene products including Bcl-2,Bcl-xL,and cyclin D1 and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),and inhibited the proliferation and induced ***,SFN mediated reactive oxygen species(ROS)production at the early ***,these results demonstrate that ROS generation may be involved in the inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 activation and apoptosis in DU145 cells.

关键词：前列腺癌细胞 STAT3 细胞凋亡活性氧活化诱导硫素萝卜

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韩国正在加速发展KF-X项目

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国际航空 2017年第11期 12-14页

作者： Bradley Perrett kim minseok

面对F-35战斗机不断暴露的问题和不断攀升的研发成本，包括日韩在内的一些国家开始考虑自行研发第五代战斗机的可行性，韩国自2015年开始全面推动KF—X的发展，并积极寻找国际合作伙伴共同研发。

关键词：韩国 F-35战斗机第五代战斗机合作伙伴研发

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韩国接收“猎鹰”2000信号情报飞机

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国际航空 2017年第7期 17-17页

作者： kim minseok Bradley Perrett

随着朝鲜不断进行导弹试射及半岛局势恶化，韩国正在着手包括引进萨德系统在内的多项军事部署，这其中也包括引进新型的情报侦察飞机。韩国认为现役侦察机的性能难以满足探测朝鲜导弹的需求，故将更换为基于“猎鹰”2000改造而来的新型... 详细信息

随着朝鲜不断进行导弹试射及半岛局势恶化，韩国正在着手包括引进萨德系统在内的多项军事部署，这其中也包括引进新型的情报侦察飞机。韩国认为现役侦察机的性能难以满足探测朝鲜导弹的需求，故将更换为基于“猎鹰”2000改造而来的新型情报飞机。

关键词：信号情报飞机韩国猎鹰接收导弹试射军事部署侦察飞机侦察机

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韩国：应对朝鲜

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国际航空 2018年第3期 12-12页

作者： kim minseok Bradley Perrett 蔡琰

面对朝鲜的导弹和核武器威胁．韩国国防部希望大幅提升2018年的武器预算．使韩国自身应对导弹的能力得以提升。此外，韩国航宇工业公司（KAI）的KF-X战斗机和LCH-LAH军民直升机的开发费用也将是其2018年国防预算申请中的大头。

关键词：韩国朝鲜预算申请开发费用国防部核武器直升机战斗机

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Land Response to Atmosphere at Different Resolutions in the Common Land Model over East Asia

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2016年第3期33卷 391-408页

作者： Daeun kim Yoon-Jin LIM minseok KANG Minha CHO Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Hanyang University222 Wangsimni-roSeongdong-guSeoul 04763Republic of Korea Applied Meteorological Research Division National Institute of Meteorological ResearchKorean Meteorological Administration61 Yeouidaebang-ro16-gilDongjak-guSeoul 63568Republic of Korea National Center for AgroMeteorology Bid.#36(RM.#109)Seoul National University1 Gwanak-roGwanak-guSeoul 08826Republic of Korea Department of Water Resources Graduate School of Water ResourcesSungkyunkwan University2066 Seobu-roJangan-guSuwonGyeonggi-do 16419Republic of Korea

Towards a better understanding of hydrological interactions between the land surface and atmosphere, land surface mod- els are routinely used to simulate hydro-meteorological fluxes. However, there is a lack of observations available for model forcing, to estimate the hydro-meteorological fluxes in East Asia. In this study, Common Land Model （CLM） was used in offline-mode during the summer monsoon period of 2006 in East Asia, with different forcings from Asiaflux, Korea Land Data Assimilation System （KLDAS）, and Global Land Data Assimilation System （GLDAS）, at point and regional scales, separately. The CLM results were compared with observations from Asiaflux sites. The estimated net radiation showed good agreement, with r = 0.99 for the point scale and 0.85 for the regional scale. The estimated sensible and latent heat fluxes using Asiaflux and KLDAS data indicated reasonable agreement, with r = 0.70. The estimated soil moisture and soil temperature showed similar patterns to observations, although the estimated water fluxes using KLDAS showed larger discrepancies than those of Asiaflux because of scale mismatch. The spatial distribution of hydro-meteorological fluxes according to KLDAS for East Asia were compared to the CLM results with GLDAS, and the GLDAS provided online. The spatial distributions of CLM with KLDAS were analogous to CLM with GLDAS, and the standalone GLDAS data. The results indicate that KLDAS is a good potential source of high spatial resolution forcing data. Therefore, the KLDAS is a promising alternative product, capable of compensating for the lack of observations and low resolution grid data for East Asia.

关键词： Common Land Model Korea Land Data Assimilation System Global Land Data Assimilation System Asi-aflux hydro-meteorological fluxes

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