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正确理解日常家事代理制度

法治研究 2024年第3期153卷 72-84页

作者：叶名怡上海财经大学法学院

反对家事代理制度者认为,该制度的历史原型与历史功能已经丧失;损害妇女利益且过度保护债权人;侵害意思自治、歧视婚姻并伤害婚姻;在我国法定夫妻共同制下实益极其有限;以信用交易为前提,在当代社会适用范围极小;造成民法教义体系上的违... 详细信息

反对家事代理制度者认为,该制度的历史原型与历史功能已经丧失;损害妇女利益且过度保护债权人;侵害意思自治、歧视婚姻并伤害婚姻;在我国法定夫妻共同制下实益极其有限;以信用交易为前提,在当代社会适用范围极小;造成民法教义体系上的违和,故应予废除。这些质疑理由均不成立。日常家事代理制度在我国具有正当性,理由包括:利益与负担相一致的原则要求获益者承受债务;供养义务要求非交易方配偶对交易负责;日常家事代理绝大多数情况下并不违反另一方的意志;该制度对小额价值的财产处分有意义;信用交易在当代社会仍频繁且重要;该制度具有保护交易方配偶继而保护婚姻家庭的功能;该制度对交易安全也确有价值;基于日常生活需要单方负债为共债,在比较法上有支撑。为抑制该制度可能出现的负面效果,应将其构成要件严格限定为:适用主体仅限于夫妻身份;债务发生限于婚姻正常存续期间;债务为满足日常生活之需要;夫妻之间无特别约定或有特别约定但相对人为善意。

关键词：日常家事代理意思自治保护婚姻交易安全日常生活需要

The effectiveness of physical activity interventions on blood pressure in children and adolescents:A systematic review and network meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 699-708页

作者： Mohamed A.Hassan Wanjiang Zhou mingyi ye Hui He Zan Gao School of Kinesiology University of Minnesota-Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN 55455USA Department of Methods and Curriculum Physical Education College for MenHelwan UniversityCairo 12552Egypt China Institute of Sport and Health Science Beijing Sport UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Kinesiology Recreationand Sport StudiesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA

Background:High blood pressure(BP)is a major contributor to mortality and cardiovascular *** the known benefits of exercise for reducing BP,it is crucial to identify the most effective physical activity(PA)*** systematic review and network meta-analysis(NMA)aimed to evaluate the available evidence on the effectiveness of various PA interventions for reducing BP and to determine their hierarchy based on their impact on ***:A search of PubMed,SPORTDiscus,PsycINFO,Web of Science,CINAHL,Cochrane,and Eric databases was conducted up to December 2022 for this systematic review and *** controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies targeting healthy children and adolescents aged 6-12 years old were included in this *** studies that compared controlled and intervention groups using PA or exercise as the major influence were *** followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)*** independent investigators performed the literature screening,data extraction,and risk of bias *** used Bayesian arm-based NMA to synthesize the *** primary outcomes were systolic BP and diastolic *** calculated the mean differences(MDs)in systolic BP and diastolic BP before and after *** treatment differences were estimated using NMA and random-effect ***:We synthesized 27 studies involving 15,220 children and *** combined with nutrition and behavior change was the most effective intervention for reducing both systolic BP and diastolic BP(MD=-8.64,95%credible interval(95%CI):-11.44 to-5.84;MD=-6.75,95%CI:-10.44 to-3.11),followed by interventions with multiple components(MD=-1.39,95%CI:-1.94 to-0.84;MD=-2.54,95%CI:-4.89 to-0.29).Conclusion:Our findings suggest that PA interventions incorporating nutrition and behavior change,followed by interventions with multiple components,are most effective for reducing both systolic BP and diastolic BP

关键词： Children Diastolic blood pressure Physical activity Systolic blood pressure

Parentage assignment and parental contribution analysis in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea using microsatellite markers

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Current Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 244-249页

作者： Xiande LIU Guangtai ZHAO Zhiyong WANG mingyi CAI Hua ye Qiurong WANG Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea Ministry of Agriculture E R. China Fisheries College Jimei University Xiamen 361021 China

The large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea is one of the most important fish species in China. To estimate the re- productive success of breeders, three independent full-factorial crosses were created and the fins of breeders and progenies were sampled for microsatellite analysis. Out of 959 offspring from three sets, 99.6% were assigned to their parents using 6-7 mi- crosatellite markers. In all crosses, some parent pairs produced a large number of offspring and some parent pairs did not produce any offspring. The contributions of male or female parents were unequal, ranging from 1.0-89.3% across the three sets. The loss of putative Ne was 69.6% in set 1, 31.2% in set 2 and 57.6% in set 3. These results suggest that the unequal contribution of parents is universal in artificial breeding ofL. crocea, especially in a small population, and this should be taken into account in hatcheries or when releasing animals for resource enhancement

关键词： Larimichthys crocea Parental contribution Parentage assignment Microsatellite marker

Experimental study on the movement of oil spill under freeze-thaw action

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2024年第3期16卷 111-120页

作者： ZeLiang ye JianGuo Lu mingyi Zhang WanSheng Pei ShuTong Li State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengduSichuan 610500China

Oil leakages cause environmental pollution,economic losses,and even engineering safety *** cold regions,researchers urgently investigate the movement of oil spill in soils exposed to freeze-thaw *** this study,a series of laboratory model experiments were carried out on the migration of oil leakage under freeze-thaw action,and the distributions of the soil temperature,unfrozen water content,and displacement were *** results showed that under freeze-thaw action,liquid water in soils migrated to the freezing front and *** the pipe cracked,oil pollutants first gathered at one side of the leak hole,and then moved *** pipe wall temperature affected the soil temperature field,and the thermal influence range below and transverse the pipe wall(35–40 cm)was larger than that above the pipe wall(8 cm)owing to the soil surface *** leaked oil's temperature would make the temperature of the surrounding soil *** would inhibit the cooling of the ***,oil migration was significantly affected by the gravity and water flow *** freeze-thaw action would affect the migration of the oil,which was mainly manifested as inhibiting the diffusion and movement of oil when soils were *** water transport caused by freeze-thaw cycles would also inhibit oil *** research results would provide a scientific reference for understanding the relationship between the movement of oil pollutants,water,and soil temperature,and for establishing a waterheat-mass transport model in frozen soils.

关键词： Freeze-thaw action Oil movement Soil temperature Unfrozen water content Model test

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论生产经营型夫妻共债的认定

法律科学（西北政法大学学报） 2023年第4期41卷 142-153页

作者：叶名怡上海财经大学法学院上海200433

夫妻共债的界定对其认定标准有重大影响。我国实证法坚持“共债即连带”,这决定了在解释论上应对夫妻共债从严认定。生产经营型夫妻共债的正当性基础虽包括共同受益论,但绝不可将其泛化成共债判定标准以至于架空具体共债类型。“共同”... 详细信息

夫妻共债的界定对其认定标准有重大影响。我国实证法坚持“共债即连带”,这决定了在解释论上应对夫妻共债从严认定。生产经营型夫妻共债的正当性基础虽包括共同受益论,但绝不可将其泛化成共债判定标准以至于架空具体共债类型。“共同”的本质是大体同等的影响力,包括双方参与型和一方授权型,但在后者,实际经营方仍受重大事务管理限制的拘束。对于两户型共同生产经营,《民法典》第56条和第1064条应结合适用。关于“用于”的判定标准,应抛弃受益说而改采用途说,其核心要义是客观用于而非主观受益,确定用于而非可能受益,初始用于而非结果受益,直接用于而非间接受益。《民法典》将债务利益用于夫妻共同生产经营的证明责任分配给债权人具有合理性,但非举债方亦负相应的具体化证明义务。

关键词：夫妻共同生产经营共同债务个人债务用途说证明责任

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《合同法》第122条(责任竞合)评注

法学家 2019年第2期 171-190,196页

作者：叶名怡上海财经大学法学院

《合同法》第122条旨在赋予受害人选择权以强化其利益保护,理论上可适用一切违反合同义务、并构成侵权的场合。竞合的违约行为类型通常限于加害给付、违反保护义务、恶意欺诈型给付以及违反后合同义务,竞合的侵权行为通常限于造成绝对... 详细信息

《合同法》第122条旨在赋予受害人选择权以强化其利益保护,理论上可适用一切违反合同义务、并构成侵权的场合。竞合的违约行为类型通常限于加害给付、违反保护义务、恶意欺诈型给付以及违反后合同义务,竞合的侵权行为通常限于造成绝对权损害的侵害行为。竞合效果为"请求权相互影响说",但实践中存在异化现象,即"择一消灭"模式被广泛应用,但此模式在实体法和诉讼法上均无法寻得依据。我国民事诉讼法采"旧诉讼标的理论",在此背景下,应在坚持"请求权相互影响说"的基础上通过修改《合同法》第122条及其相关司法解释,完善责任竞合规则,以真正实现强化受害人保护的原初立法宗旨。

关键词：责任竞合违约侵权请求权竞合诉讼标的

论违法与过错认定——以德美两国法的比较为基础

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环球法律评论 2009年第5期31卷 93-102页

作者：叶名怡西北政法大学民商法学院

违法与过错认定关系密切。德国侵权法规定,违反保护性法律即推定或推论行为人有过错。美国法上行为"本身即侵权"理论则确认,违反保护性法律即被推定有过错,违反非保护性法律被视为存在过错的相关证据。保护性法律的特征体现在个别保护... 详细信息

违法与过错认定关系密切。德国侵权法规定,违反保护性法律即推定或推论行为人有过错。美国法上行为"本身即侵权"理论则确认,违反保护性法律即被推定有过错,违反非保护性法律被视为存在过错的相关证据。保护性法律的特征体现在个别保护、受保护主体、客体等方面,对其甄别主要依靠法律解释。被违反之法律的特性与过错认定的强度有直接关联。此规则勾连了侵权法与其他部门法,有效地统合了违法与过错,并有利于保护受害人,理应为我国侵权立法所借鉴。

关键词：违法过错推定

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不当得利法的希尔伯特问题

中外法学 2022年第4期34卷 944-966页

作者：叶名怡上海财经大学法学院

《民法典》首次系统规定不当得利法,寻求妥当的解释论成为当务之急。不当得利法体系庞杂,议题繁多。其基本问题包括:①不当得利与其他责任的关系;②不当得利类型论应遵循统一说抑或非统一说;③何谓“没有法律根据”;④因果关系作为不当... 详细信息

《民法典》首次系统规定不当得利法,寻求妥当的解释论成为当务之急。不当得利法体系庞杂,议题繁多。其基本问题包括:①不当得利与其他责任的关系;②不当得利类型论应遵循统一说抑或非统一说;③何谓“没有法律根据”;④因果关系作为不当得利构成要件的意义;获利应否返还;强迫得利该如何判定和评价;如何理解为履行道德义务进行的给付;如何理解明知无给付义务而进行的债务清偿;得利人的善意或恶意在不当得利法上的意义。破除对德国不当得利理论体系的迷信和盲从,立足我国实证法并结合比较法最新发展趋势对这些基本问题深入分析,将对不当得利法本土解释论的建构起到引领性的奠基作用。

关键词：不当得利希尔伯特问题没有法律根据非债清偿权益侵害

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夫妻间房产给予约定的性质与效力

法学 2021年第3期 131-149页

作者：叶名怡上海财经大学法学院

夫妻约定一方将其个人所有房产无偿给予另一方,此种约定原则上既不构成债法上的普通赠与或特殊赠与,也不属于夫妻财产制契约,而是家庭法上的一种特殊赠与,即夫妻间基于婚姻之给予。虽然我国最高人民法院宣示此类约定均属赠与,但下级法... 详细信息

夫妻约定一方将其个人所有房产无偿给予另一方,此种约定原则上既不构成债法上的普通赠与或特殊赠与,也不属于夫妻财产制契约,而是家庭法上的一种特殊赠与,即夫妻间基于婚姻之给予。虽然我国最高人民法院宣示此类约定均属赠与,但下级法院在个案中通过法定撤销权扩张、欺诈的宽松认定、合同目的落空理论的运用等多种方法,令赠与方配偶在赠与履行完毕后仍能撤销或解除交易,从而实现与德国联邦最高法院创设夫妻间无名给予制度相似的法律效果。不过,这些变通适用方法在解释论上过于牵强,理应借鉴域外理论,结合我国国情,建构我国的夫妻间特殊赠与制度。在此框架下,就内部效力而言,此种约定仅具有债权效力,赠与方配偶在给付前不享有任意撤销权,在给付后满足特定条件可援用法定撤销权或情事变更规则请求返还;就外部效力而言,夫妻间特殊赠与等同于债法上普通赠与。

关键词：赠与不动产权属约定基于婚姻之给予法定撤销权情事变更理论