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Review of precision rice hill-drop drilling technology and machine for paddy

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第3期11卷 1-11页

作者： minghua zhang Zaiman Wang Xiwen Luo Ying Zang Wenwu Yang He Xing Baolong Wang Yizheng Dai Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment Ministry of EducationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China Changsha 410128China

Mechanized rice direct seeding is a cost-effective and efficient approach for rice cultivation.Recently,the use of rice direct seeding has been increasing rapidly owing to rural labour shortages and continuous increases in agricultural production costs.This article reviews the research and application progress of mechanized rice direct seeding including direct seeding technologies,precision rice seeding,precision rice seed-metering devices,key supporting agronomy technologies for mechanized rice direct seeding.South China Agricultural University developed precision rice hill-drop drilling(PRHDD)with synchronous furrowing and ridging technology and series machines for paddy that affords remarkable advantages in terms of saving time and labour,higher yield,and higher efficiency.In this approach,pre-germinated seeds are uniformly hill-dropped in the expected positions in puddled soil.It significantly improved the crop growth population and effectively solved the problems of high frequency of disease and pests caused by the irregular distribution of rice seeds with manual broadcasting,and generally reduces seed usage and increases the yield.Therefore,this technology has broad application prospects and great potential for promoting the development of mechanized rice direct seeding in China.

关键词： rice precision rice seeder hill-drop drilling for paddy rice mechanical direct seeding

Deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer increases rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency with fewer greenhouse gas emissions in a mechanical direct-seeded cropping system

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The Crop Journal 2021年第6期9卷 1386-1396页

作者： Lin Li Hua Tian minghua zhang Pingshan Fan Umair Ashraf Haidong Liu Xiongfei Chen Meiyang Duan Xiangru Tang Zaiman Wang Zheng zhang Shenggang Pan State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources College of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642GuangdongChina Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China Ministry of AgricultureGuangzhou 510642GuangdongChina Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice Guangzhou 510642GuangdongChina Key Laboratory of Key Technology for South Agricultural Machine and Equipment Ministry of EducationGuangzhou 510642GuangdongChina College of Tropical Crops Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228HainanChina Department of Botany Division of Science and TechnologyUniversity of EducationLahore 54770PunjabPakistan Hezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hezhou 542800GuangxiChina School of Engineering Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045JiangxiChina

Deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer is a key strategy for improving nitrogen use efficiency. A two-year field experiment was conducted during the early rice growing seasons(March–July) of 2016 and 2017.The experimental treatments comprised two rice cultivars: Wufengyou 615(WFY 615) and Yuxiangyouzhan(YXYZ), and three N treatments: mechanical deep placement of all fertilizers as basal dose at 10 cm soil depth(one-time deep-placement fertilization, namely OTDP fertilization);manual surface broadcast(the common farmer practice) of 40% N fertilizer at one day before sowing(basal fertilizer)followed by broadcast application of 30% each at tillering and panicle initiation stages;and no fertilizer application at any growth stage as a control. One-time deep-placement fertilization increased grain yield of both rice cultivars by 11.8%–19.6%, total nitrogen accumulation by 10.3%–13.1%, nitrogen grain production efficiency by 29.7%–31.5%, nitrogen harvest index by 27.8%–30.0%, nitrogen agronomic efficiency by 71.3%–77.2%, and nitrogen recovery efficiency by 42.4%–56.7% for both rice cultivars, compared with the multiple-broadcast treatment. One-time deep-placement fertilization reduced CH4-induced global warming potential(GWP) by 20.7%–25.3%, N2O-induced GWP by 7.2%–12.3%, and total GWP by 14.7%–22.9% for both rice cultivars relative to the multiple-broadcast treatment. The activities of glutamine synthetase and nitrate reductase were increased at both panicle-initiation and heading stages in both rice cultivars following one-time deep-placement fertilization treatment. Larger leaf area index at heading stage and more favorable root morphological traits expressed as larger total root length, mean root diameter, and total root volume per hill were also observed. One-time deep-placement fertilization could be an effective strategy for increasing grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency and lowering greenhouse-gas emissions under mechanical direct-seeded cropping systems.

关键词： N placement Grain yield Nitrogen use efficiency Greenhouse gas Direct-seeded rice

4D打印磁响应形状记忆环氧树脂基复合材料制备与性能

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复合材料学报 2024年第3期41卷 1226-1234页

作者：邓攀吴志孙纪烨鲁麟蛟单熠莲杜建科张明华宁波大学机械工程与力学学院宁波315211

以环氧树脂(EP51)为基体,乙炔炭黑(ACB)和镍粉(Ni)为填料,聚醚多元醇(PPG)为增韧剂共混制成打印墨水,利用直写3D打印机制备ACB-Ni/EP51复合材料。通过流变仪、直写3D打印机对墨水的流变性能和可打印性进行表征;通过拉力实验机(UTM)、扫... 详细信息

以环氧树脂(EP51)为基体,乙炔炭黑(ACB)和镍粉(Ni)为填料,聚醚多元醇(PPG)为增韧剂共混制成打印墨水,利用直写3D打印机制备ACB-Ni/EP51复合材料。通过流变仪、直写3D打印机对墨水的流变性能和可打印性进行表征;通过拉力实验机(UTM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、动态热机械分析仪(DMA)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对材料力学性能、微观形貌、动态力学性能、差热性能和形状记忆效应进行表征,探究了填料含量对墨水和材料性能的影响。结果表明:ACB含量达到12wt%时,墨水具有良好的可打印性;当Ni粉含量达到16wt%时,打印针头堵塞造成打印不连续、不均匀。固化后生成的“海岛”增韧结构使材料拉伸强度明显提高(60 MPa以上)。随着Ni粉含量增加,对拉伸强度的影响由促进变为削弱。当Ni粉含量从6wt%增加至14wt%,形状固定率(R_(f))从99.4%降至94.2%。在300 kHz交变磁场作用下,形状发生回复,Ni粉含量增加使形状回复率(R_(r))和回复速率升高,Rr从94.8%提升至99.1%,回复时间从39 s缩短至17 s。Ni-ACB/EP51复合材料具有较好的形状记忆性能,在空间可展开结构、驱动器及4D打印等方面有一定的应用前景。

关键词： 4D打印环氧树脂形状记忆聚合物磁响应直写打印增韧

尽责性对中学生锻炼坚持性的影响机制:一个链式中介模型

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河南师范大学学报（自然科学版） 2024年第4期52卷 149-156页

作者：刘献国贾俊杰张明华周浩河南师范大学体育学院河南新乡453007 河南师范大学教育学部河南新乡453007

为考察尽责性与中学生锻炼坚持性的关系及影响机制,采用中国大五人格问卷简式版、锻炼坚持性量表、领悟社会支持量表和一般自我效能感量表对2077名中学生进行调查.研究结果:1)尽责性能够预测中学生锻炼坚持性;2)领悟社会支持在尽责性和... 详细信息

为考察尽责性与中学生锻炼坚持性的关系及影响机制,采用中国大五人格问卷简式版、锻炼坚持性量表、领悟社会支持量表和一般自我效能感量表对2077名中学生进行调查.研究结果:1)尽责性能够预测中学生锻炼坚持性;2)领悟社会支持在尽责性和中学生锻炼坚持性之间具有中介作用;3)自我效能感在尽责性和中学生锻炼坚持性之间具有中介作用;4)尽责性通过中学生领悟社会支持、自我效能感的间接作用影响个体的锻炼坚持性.

关键词：尽责性锻炼坚持性领悟社会支持自我效能感

CAS-ESM2.0 Model Datasets for the CMIP6 Ocean Model Intercomparison Project Phase 1 (OMIP1)

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第2期38卷 307-316页

作者： Xiao DONG Jiangbo JIN Hailong LIU He zhang minghua zhang Pengfei LIN Qingcun ZENG Guangqing ZHOU Yongqiang YU Mirong SONG Zhaohui LIN Ruxu LIAN Xin GAO Juanxiong HE Dongling zhang Kangjun CHEN International Center for climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

As a member of the Chinese modeling groups,the coupled ocean-ice component of the Chinese Academy of Sciences’Earth System Model,version 2.0(CAS-ESM2.0),is taking part in the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project Phase 1(OMIP1)experiment of phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6).The simulation was conducted,and monthly outputs have been published on the ESGF(Earth System Grid Federation)data server.In this paper,the experimental dataset is introduced,and the preliminary performances of the ocean model in simulating the global ocean temperature,salinity,sea surface temperature,sea surface salinity,sea surface height,sea ice,and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation(AMOC)are evaluated.The results show that the model is at quasi-equilibrium during the integration of 372 years,and performances of the model are reasonable compared with observations.This dataset is ready to be downloaded and used by the community in related research,e.g.,multi-ocean-sea-ice model performance evaluation and interannual variation in oceans driven by prescribed atmospheric forcing.

关键词： OGCM CMIP6 OMIP1 AMOC ocean temperature/salinity sea ice

CAS-ESM2.0 Model Datasets for the CMIP6 Flux-Anomaly-Forced Model Intercomparison Project (FAFMIP)

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第2期38卷 296-306页

作者： Jiangbo JIN He zhang Xiao DONG Hailong LIU minghua zhang Xin GAO Juanxiong HE Zhaoyang CHAI Qingcun ZENG Guangqing ZHOU Zhaohui LIN Yi YU Pengfei LIN Ruxu LIAN Yongqiang YU Mirong SONG Dongling zhang International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

The second version of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Earth System Model(CAS-ESM2.0)is participating in the Flux-Anomaly-Forced Model Intercomparison Project(FAFMIP)experiments in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6).The purpose of FAFMIP is to understand and reduce the uncertainty of ocean climate changes in response to increased CO2 forcing in atmosphere-ocean general circulation models(AOGCMs),including the simulations of ocean heat content(OHC)change,ocean circulation change,and sea level rise due to thermal expansion.FAFMIP experiments(including faf-heat,faf-stress,faf-water,faf-all,faf-passiveheat,faf-heat-NA50pct and faf-heat-NA0pct)have been conducted.All of the experiments were integrated over a 70-year period and the corresponding data have been uploaded to the Earth System Grid Federation data server for CMIP6 users to download.This paper describes the experimental design and model datasets and evaluates the preliminary results of CAS-ESM2.0 simulations of ocean climate changes in the FAFMIP experiments.The simulations of the changes in global ocean temperature,Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation(AMOC),OHC,and dynamic sea level(DSL),are all reasonably reproduced.

关键词： CAS-ESM2.0 CMIP6 FAFMIP AMOC ocean heat uptake dynamic sea level change

新生儿早期基本保健技术在新生儿护理中的应用价值

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中国医药指南 2024年第7期22卷 163-166页

作者：张明华张明娟李艳梅厦门大学附属妇女儿童医院厦门市妇幼保健院新生儿科厦门市围产-新生儿感染重点实验室厦门市围产医学临床研究中心厦门361003

目的探究在新生儿护理中应用新生儿早期基本保健技术的效果和价值。方法选取2022年3月至2023年2月在我院正常分娩的128例新生儿作为研究对象,遵循随机数字表法分组原则,将其分为参照组与试验组,各64例。参照组新生儿给予常规护理干预... 详细信息

目的探究在新生儿护理中应用新生儿早期基本保健技术的效果和价值。方法选取2022年3月至2023年2月在我院正常分娩的128例新生儿作为研究对象,遵循随机数字表法分组原则,将其分为参照组与试验组,各64例。参照组新生儿给予常规护理干预,试验组新生儿则开展早期基本保健技术干预。比较两组新生儿干预后的脐带脱落时间、啼哭持续时间、觅乳时间、出生后90 min体温和出生3 d后的体重增长情况、护理不良事件发生率以及家长满意度。结果干预后,试验组新生儿的脐带脱落时间、啼哭持续时间、觅乳时间短于参照组,试验组新生儿出生后90 min体温、出生3 d后的体重增长高于参照组,试验组新生儿护理不良事件发生率低于参照组,试验组新生儿家长对护理工作的满意度高于参照组(P均<0.05)。结论新生儿早期基本保健技术用在新生儿护理中的成效十分显著,不仅能够有效改善新生儿的啼哭行为,缩短其觅乳时间,加快其体重的增长速度,还能预防和减少一系列不良事件的发生,提高家长满意度,促进新生儿预后。

关键词：早期基本保健技术新生儿护理不良事件发生率家长满意度

Electronic Transport Properties of Transition-Metal Terminated Trigonal Graphene Nanoribbons

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Journal of Modern Physics 2016年第11期7卷 1359-1363页

作者： Fanhua Meng minghua zhang Wen Liu Physics and Information Engineering Department Jining University Qufu China

With the non-equilibrium Green’s function method and density functional theory, we have studied the electronic properties of trigonal graphene nanoribbons, with Fe terminal and H terminal, coupled to gold electrodes. Rectification behavior can be observed when the electrode-molecule contact distance is larger than 2.2 Å. The electronic transport is greatly improved in case of Fe terminal which is analyzed in terms of transmission spectra and density of states.

关键词： Trigonal Graphene Nanoribbons Electronic Transport Fe Terminal Transmission Spectra

CAS FGOALS-f3-L Model Datasets for CMIP6 Historical Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project Simulation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2019年第8期36卷 771-778页

作者： Bian HE Qing BAO Xiaocong WANG Linjiong ZHOU Xiaofei WU Yimin LIU Guoxiong WU Kangjun CHEN Sicheng HE Wenting HU Jiandong LI Jinxiao LI Guokui NIAN Lei WANG Jing YANG minghua zhang Xiaoqi zhang State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory PrincetonNJ 08540-6649USA School of Atmospheric Sciences/Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology/Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management Ministry of Civil Affairs and Ministry of Education Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China

The outputs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System(FGOALS-f3-L) model for the baseline experiment of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project simulation in the Diagnostic,Evaluation and Characterization of Klima common experiments of phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6) are described in this paper. The CAS FGOALS-f3-L model, experiment settings, and outputs are all given. In total,there are three ensemble experiments over the period 1979–2014, which are performed with different initial states. The model outputs contain a total of 37 variables and include the required three-hourly mean, six-hourly transient, daily and monthly mean datasets. The baseline performances of the model are validated at different time scales. The preliminary evaluation suggests that the CAS FGOALS-f3-L model can capture the basic patterns of atmospheric circulation and precipitation well, including the propagation of the Madden–Julian Oscillation, activities of tropical cyclones, and the characterization of extreme precipitation. These datasets contribute to the benchmark of current model behaviors for the desired continuity of CMIP.

关键词： CMIP6 AMIP FGOALS-f3-L MJO tropical cyclone extreme precipitation