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Environmental perspectives of microplastic pollution in the aquatic environment:a review

Marine Life Science & Technology 2020年第4期2卷 414-430页

作者： Manzoor Ahmad Jia-Ling Li pan-Deng Wang Wael NHozzein Wen-Jun Li State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)School of Life SciencesSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUriimqi 830011China Bioproducts Research Chair Zoology DepartmentCollege of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Botany and Microbiology Department Faculty of ScienceBeni-Suef UniversityBeni-Suef 65211Egypt

Microplastics are a highly concerning pollutant that have gained attention from the scientific community and other regulatory authorities due to their potential risks to organisms and *** are widespread in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and can be found even in Antarctica and deep-sea *** ability to survive for long periods in the environment and their aptitude of inter-and intra-environmental translocation can prompt poor environmental *** adsorption of heavy metals and other toxic persistent organic pollutants is a further cause for ***,microplastics enable the development of a distinct microbial niche within an ecosystem,which could potentially impair ecosystem function by promoting the growth of selective microbial *** acquisition of metal-resistant,antibiotic-resistant genes,and the enrichment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria on microplastic surfaces have recently been ***,some studies have also reported the colonizahon of pathogenic bacterial strains such as Vibrio *** microplastic *** review aims to address the sources of microplastic pollution in the freshwater and marine environments and to discuss their potential functions in the environment.

关键词： Microplastic Heavy metals Pollutant reservoir Distinct microbial habitat Gene exchange

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Enhanced electrochemical property of FePO_4-coated LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4 as cathode materials for Li-ion battery

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Science Bulletin 2017年第14期62卷 1004-1010页

作者： Ting-Feng Yi Yan-Mei Li Xiao-Ya Li Jing-Jing pan Qianyu Zhang Yan-Rong Zhu School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Technology Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Emission Reduction & Resources Recycling Ministry of Education Anhui University of Technology School of Environment and Civil Engineering Dongguan University of Technology

Pristine LiNi0.5Mnl.5O4 and FePO4-coated one with Fd-3m space groups were prepared by a sol-gel method. The structure and performance were studied by X-ray diffraction （XRD） rietveld refinement, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, high resolution transmission electron microscopy （HRTEM）, energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS） mapping, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） and charge- discharge tests, respectively. The lattice parameters of all samples almost remain the same from the Rietveld refinement, revealing that the crystallographic structure has no obvious difference between pris- tine LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 and FePO4-coated one. All materials show similar morphologies with uniform particle distribution with small particle size, and FePO4 coating does not affect the morphology of LiNi0.5Mnl05O 4 material. EDS mapping and HRTEM show that FePO4 may be successfully wrapped around the surfaces of ***.s04 particles, and provides an effective coating layer between the electrolyte and the surface of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 particles. FePO4 （1 wt%）-coated ***.504 cathode shows the highest discharge capac- ity at high rate （2 C） among all samples. After 80 cycles, the reversible discharge capacity of FePO4 （1 wt%） coated LiNi0.5Mn0.5O4 is 117 mAh g^-1, but the pristine one only has 50 mAh g^-1. FeP04 coating is an effec- tive and controllable way to stabilize the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/electrolyte interface, and avoids the direct con- tact between LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 powders and electrolyte, then suppresses the side reactions and enhances the electrochemical performance of the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4.

关键词： LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 FePO4 coating Electrochemical property Lithium-ion batteries

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Multi-Objective Structural Optimization of a Wind Turbine Tower

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2020年第4期25卷 538-544页

作者： ZHENG Yuqiao ZHANG Lu pan Yongxiang HE Zhe School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China

The 2MW wind turbine tower is considered as the baseline configuration for structural *** design variables consist of the thickness and height located at the top tower *** relationships between the design variables and the optimization objectives(mass,equivalent stress,top displacement and fatigue life)are mapped on the basis of uniform design and regression ***,five solutions are developed by an algorithm,*** to their efficiency and applicability,the most suitable solution is *** approach yields a decrease of 0.48%in the mass,a decrease of 54.48%in the equivalent stress and an increase of 8.14%in fatigue life,as compared with existing tower *** improved wind turbine tower is obtained for this practice.

关键词： structural optimization wind turbine tower multi-objective optimization algorithm uniform design

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Effects of Mandibular Extractions with Clear Aligners:A Finite Element Analysis

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2021年第3期26卷 377-382页

作者： FENG Qiping CHU Fengting CHEN Rongjing pan Xiaogang Department of Orthodontics Shanghai Ninth Peoples’HospitalCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology&Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyShanghai200011China

This study was aimed at analysing the mechanical characteristics of different mandibular extraction modes using a clear *** experimental schemes of different extraction patterns were designed to treat mandibular crowding,including extraction of one mandibular central incisor,bilateral first premolars,and bilateral second *** stress distribution during the space closing was analysed using the finite element *** a central incisor was extracted,a significant retraction force was found in the anterior region,in line with the design *** posterior teeth,which were designed to move mesially,acted as anchorage for anterior retraction,and were subjected to a mesial *** anterior teeth were retracted when the bilateral first premolars were *** lateral incisors and canines were subjected to a significant distal force and moment,while the central incisors and canines were subjected to lingual forces and ***,the canines were subjected to a non-designated intruding *** molars were designed to move mesially when the bilateral second premolars were *** molars were subjected to a significant mesial force,while the lingual force on the front teeth was *** bilateral second molars were subjected to non-design mesial moment and extrusive *** bilateral first molars were subjected to a non-designated mesial moment,and the bilateral first premolars on both sides were subjected to non-designated intrusive force and distal *** one incisor was extracted,attachments on the anterior teeth had a controlling effect on the tooth axis,but the anterior teeth still tended to *** the bilateral first premolars were extracted,the anterior teeth showed a tendency for lingual *** risk of distal inclination of the canines and lingual inclination of the central incisor *** the bilateral second premolars were extracted and the posterior teeth were designed to move mesially

关键词： clear aligner mandibular incisor extraction finite element analysis

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Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Spray-deposited Al-21.47Si-4.73Fe-2.5Cu-0.9Mg Alloy

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2016年第1期23卷 14-18页

作者： Yan-dong JIA Fu-yang CAO pan MA Jing-shun LIU Jian-fei SUN Gang WANG Laboratory for Microstructures Institute of MaterialsShanghai University School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology School of Materials Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science School of Materials Science and Engineering Inner Mongolia University of Technology

Al-Si-Fe-Cu-Mg alloy was prepared by spray deposition and was further processed by hot extrusion as well as *** results indicate that the microstructure of the deposited alloy is composed of primary Si particles with average size of less than 5μm,α-Al,Al_2CuMg,β-Al_5FeSi andδ-Al_4FeSi_2（rectangular shape）,and no eutectic silicon is found due to the special solidification *** age hardening curves reveal two *** uniform ultimate tensile strength（UTS）and the elongation of the peak-aged Al-Si-Fe-Cu-Mg alloy are 468.3 MPa,0.61% at 298 Kand 267.4MPa,6.42% at 573 K,*** fracture surfaces display brittle fracture morphology at 298 K,whereas it varies to mixture of brittle and ductile failure with increasing the temperature.

关键词： spray deposition hypereutectic Al-Si alloy microstructure aging mechanical property

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Effect of Fe_2O_3 on the crystallization behavior of glass-ceramics produced from naturally cooled yellow phosphorus furnace slag

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2017年第3期24卷 316-323页

作者： Hong-pan Liu Xiao-feng Huang Li-ping Ma Dan-li Chen Zhi-biao Shang Ming Jiang Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology College of Resources and Environment Yunnan Agricultural University

CaO–Al2O3–SiO2(CAS) glass-ceramics were prepared via a melting method using naturally cooled yellow phosphorus furnace slag as the main raw material. The effects of the addition of Fe2O3on the crystallization behavior and properties of the prepared glass-ceramics were studied by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The crystallization activation energy was calculated using the modified Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation. The results show that the intrinsic nucleating agent in the yellow phosphorus furnace slag could effectively promote the crystallization of CAS. The crystallization activation energy first increased and then decreased with increasing amount of added Fe2O3. At 4wt% of added Fe2O3, the crystallization activation energy reached a maximum of 676.374 kJ·mol−1. The type of the main crystalline phase did not change with the amount of added Fe2O3. The primary and secondary crystalline phases were identified as wollastonite (CaSiO3) and hedenbergite (CaFe(Si2O6)), respectively. © 2017, University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： Ceramic materials Chemical activation Crystalline materials Crystallization Differential thermal analysis Furnaces Glass ceramics Iron oxides Nucleation Phosphorus Scanning electron microscopy Silicate minerals Slags Thermoanalysis X ray diffraction

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Effect of Heat Input on Cleavage Crack Initiation of Simulated Coarse Grain Heat-affected Zone in Microalloyed Offshore Platform Steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2016年第10期23卷 1086-1095页

作者： Feng LU Guang-ping CHENG Feng CHAI Tao pan Zhong-ran SHI Hang SU Cai-fu YANG School of Material Science and Engineering Anhui University of Technology Department of Structural Steel Central Iron and Steel Research Institute

The combined effects of martensite-austenite（MA）constituent and pearlite colony on cleavage crack initiation in the simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone（CGHAZ）of V-N-Ti microalloyed offshore platform steel under different heat inputs were *** results of welding simulation,instrumented impact test,and quantitative analysis indicated that the size of the MA constituent decreased with the increase in cooling time,and by contrast,the size of the pearlite colony *** to Griffith theory,the critical sizes of cleavage microcracks were *** the increase of cooling time,the calculated microcrack size could be characterized by the size of the MA constituent first,and then fitted with the size of the pearlite ***,the calculated microcrack size variation was opposite to the microcrack initiation *** phenomenon is probably due to the combined effects of the MA constituent and pearlite colony with increasing the cooling time of the specimen′s temperature from800 to 500 ℃.

关键词： simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone martensite-austenite constituent pearlite colony cleavage fracture V-N-Ti microaltoying

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Comparative study of carbonic anhydrase activity in waters among different geological eco-environments of Yangtze River basin and its ecological significance

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第4期30卷 173-181页

作者： Sila Onesmus Nzung'a Weizhi pan Taiming Shen Wei Li Xiaoqun Qin Chenwei Wang Liankai Zhang Longjiang Yu Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology Department of Biotechnology College of Life Science & Technology Huazhong Universityof Science & Technology Wuhan 430074 China Institute of Karst Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Guilin 541004 China Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics Ministry of Land and Resources/Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Guilin 541004 China Teachers Searvice Commission-Kenya P.O. Box Private Bag 00100 Nairobi Kenya

This study provides the presence of carbonic anhydrase（CA） activity in waters of the Yangtze River basin, China, as well as the correlation of CA activity with HCO-3 concentration and CO2 sink flux. Different degrees of CA activity could be detected in almost all of the water samples from different geological eco-environments in all four seasons. The CA activity of water samples from karst areas was significantly higher than from non-karst areas（PP3-concentration（r = 0.672, P2 sink flux（r = 0.602, P = 0.076） in karst areas. This suggests that CA in waters might have a promoting effect on carbon sinks for atmospheric CO2 in karst river basins. In conditions of similar geological type, higher CA activity was generally detected in water samples taken from areas that exhibited better eco-environments, implying that the CA activity index of waters could be used as an indicator for monitoring ecological environments and protection of river basins. These findings suggest that the role of CA in waters in the karst carbon sink potential of river basins is worthy of further in-depth studies.

关键词： Yangtze River basin Carbon sink Eco-environments Water body Carbonic anhydrase(CA)

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Mercury adsorption characteristics of HBr-modified fly ash in an entrained-flow reactor

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第7期27卷 156-162页

作者： Yongsheng Zhang Lilin Zhao Ruitao Guo Na Song Jiawei Wang Yan Cao William Orndorff Wei-ping pan Key Laboratory of Condition Monitoring and Control for Power Plant Equipment Ministry of Education North China Electric Power University Institute for Combustion Science and Environmental Technology Western Kentucky University

In this study, the mercury adsorption characteristics of HBr-modified fly ash in an entrained-flow reactor were investigated through thermal decomposition methods. The results show that the mercury adsorption performance of the HBr-modified fly ash was enhanced significantly. The mercury species adsorbed by unmodified fly ash were Hg Cl2,Hg S and Hg O. The mercury adsorbed by HBr-modified fly ash, in the entrained-flow reactor,existed in two forms, Hg Br2 and Hg O, and the HBr was the dominant factor promoting oxidation of elemental mercury in the entrained-flow reactor. In the current study, the concentration of Hg Br2 and Hg O in ash from the fine ash vessel was 4.6 times greater than for ash from the coarse ash vessel. The fine ash had better mercury adsorption performance than coarse ash, which is most likely due to the higher specific surface area and longer residence time.

关键词： Mercury Modified fly ash Entrained-flow reactor Thermal decomposition

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Synergistic Effect of Alloying Atoms on Intrinsic Stacking-Fault Energy in Austenitic Steels

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2017年第3期30卷 272-279页

作者： Ling-Hong Liu Tou-Wen Fan Cui-Lan Wu pan Xie Ding-Wang Yuan Jiang-Hua Chen Center for High-Resolution Electron Microscopy College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082 China College of Science Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha 410004 China Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Spray Deposition Technology and Application Hunan University Changsha 410082 China

Intrinsic stacking-fault energy is a critical parameter influencing the various mechanical performances of aus- tenitic steels with high Mn concentrations. However, quantitative calculations of the stacking-fault energy （SFE） of the face-centered cubic （fcc） Fe, including the changes in concentrations and geometrical distribution of alloying atoms, cannot be obtained by using previous computation models. On the basis of the interaction energy model, we evaluated the effects of a single alloying atom （i.e., Mn, A1, Si, C and N）, as well as its aggregates, including the Mn-X dimer and Mn2-X trimer （X = A1, Si, C and N） on the SFE of the fcc Fe via first-principle calculations. Given low concentrations （〈10 wt%） of alloying atoms, dimers and trimers, theoretical calculations reveal the following：（1） Alloying atom Mn causes a decrease in the SFE, whereas A1, Si, C and N significantly increase the SFE; （2） combination with other alloying atoms to form the Mn-X dimer （X = A1, Si, C and N） exerts an effect on SFE that, to a certain extent, is close to that of the corresponding single X atom; （3） the interaction between Mnz-X and the stacking fault is stronger than that of the corresponding single X atom, inducing a significant increase in the SFE of fcc Fe. The theoretical results we obtained demonstrate that the increase in SFE in high-Mn steel originates from the synergistic effect of Mn and other trace alloy atoms.

关键词： Stacking-fault energy Synergism First-principle calculation Austenitic steel Alloying effect

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