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Bedform development and its effect on bed stabilization and sediment transport based on a flume experiment with non-uniform sediment

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2017年第3期32卷 305-312页

作者： Su-Chin Chen Chia-Ning Yang Ching-Ying tsou Department of Soil and Water Conservation National Chung Hsing University Sinotech Engineering Consultants LTD. Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science Hirosaki University

Non-uniform sediment deposited in a confined, steep mountain channel can alter the bed surface composition. This study evaluates the contribution of geometric and resistance parameters to bed stabilization and the reduction in sediment transport. Flume experiments were done under various hydraulic conditions with non-uniform bed material and no sediment supply from upstream. Results indicate that flume channels respond in a sequence of coarsening and with the formation of bedformroughness features such as rapids, cascades, and steps. A bedform development coefficient is introduced and is shown to increase(i.e. vertical sinuosity develops) in response to increasing shear stress during the organization process. The bedform development coefficient also is positively correlated with the critical Shields number and Manning’s roughness coefficient, suggesting the evolution of flow resistance with increasing bedform development. The sediment transport rate decreases with increasing bed shear stress and bedform development, further illustrating the effect of bed stabilization. An empirical sediment transport model for an equilibrium condition is proposed that uses the bedform development coefficient, relative particle submergence(i.e. the ratio of mean water depth and maximum sediment diameter), modified bed slope, and discharge. The model suggests bedform development can play a primary role in reducing sediment transport(increasing bed stabilization). The model is an extension of Lane’s(1955) relation specifically adapted for mountain streams. These results explain the significance of bedform development in heightening flow resistance, stabilizing the bed, and reducing sediment transport in coarse, steep channels.

关键词： Bedform development Bed stabilization Sediment transport Non-uniform bed

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Timing of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the treatment of acute cholangitis of different severity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第38期28卷 5602-5613页

作者： Yao-Chi Huang Chi-Huan Wu Mu Hsien Lee Sheng Fu Wang Yung-Kuan tsou cheng-Hui Lin Kai-Feng Sung Nai-Jen Liu Department of Medicine College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 333Taiwan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan 333Taiwan

BACKGROUND The optimal timing of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)in acute cholangitis(AC) is uncertain,especially in patients with AC of varying *** To report whether the timing of ERCP is associated with outcomes in AC patients with different *** According to the 2018 Tokyo guidelines,683 patients who met the definite diagnostic criteria for AC were retrospectively *** results were first compared between patients receiving ERCP ≤ 24 h and>24 h and then between patients receiving ERCP ≤ 48 h and>48 *** analyses were performed in patients with grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ or Ⅲ *** primary outcome was 30-d *** outcomes were intensive care unit(ICU) admission rate,length of hospital stay(LOHS) and 30-d readmission *** Taking 24 h as the critical value,compared with ERCP>24 h,malignant biliary obstruction as a cause of AC was significantly less common in the ERCP ≤ 24 h group(5.2% vs 11.5%).The proportion of cardiovascular dysfunction(11.2% vs 2.6%),respiratory dysfunction(14.2% vs 5.3%),and ICU admission(11.2% vs 4%)in the ERCP ≤ 24 h group was significantly higher,while the LOHS was significantly shorter(median,6 d vs 7 d).Stratified by the severity of AC,higher ICU admission was only observed in grade Ⅲ AC and shorter LOHS was only observed in grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ *** were no significant differences in 30-d mortality between groups,either in the overall population or in patients with grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ or Ⅲ *** 48 h as the critical value,compared with ERCP>48 h,the proportion of choledocholithiasis as the cause of AC was significantly higher in the ERCP ≤ 48 h group(81.5% vs 68.3%).The ERCP ≤ 48 h group had significantly lower 30-d mortality(0 vs 1.9%) and shorter LOHS(6 d vs 8 d).Stratified by AC severity,lower 30-d mortality(0 vs 6.1%) and higher ICU admission rates(22.2% vs 10.2%) were only observed in grade Ⅲ AC,and shorter LOHS was only observed in grade I and Ⅱ *** the multivariate analysis,cardi

关键词： Acute cholangitis Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography severity Timing Thirtyday mortality Length of hospital stay

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Hydrogel as a bioactive material to regulate stem cell fate

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Bioactive Materials 2016年第1期1卷 39-55页

作者： Yung-Hao tsou Joe Khoneisser Ping-Chun Huang Xiaoyang Xu Department of Chemical Biologicaland Pharmaceutical EngineeringNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ 07102USA

The encapsulation of stem cells in a hydrogel substrate provides a promising future in biomedical ***,communications between hydrogels and stem cells is complicated;various factors such as porosity,different polymer types,stiffness,compatibility and degradation will lead to stem cell survival or *** mimic the three-dimensional extracellular matrix to provide a friendly environment for stem *** the other hand,stem cells can sense the surroundings to make the next progression,stretching out,proliferating or just to *** such,understanding the correlation between stem cells and hydrogels is *** this Review,we first discuss the varying types of the hydrogels and stem cells,which are most commonly used in the biomedical fields and further investigate how hydrogels interact with stem cells from the perspective of their biomedical application,while providing insights into the design and development of hydrogels for drug delivery,tissue engineering and regenerative medicine *** addition,we compare the results such as stiffness,degradation time and pore size as well as peptide types of hydrogels from respected *** also discussed most recently magnificent materials and their effects to regulate stem cell fate.

关键词： Hydrogel Stem cell Biomaterial

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Treating delayed endoscopic sphincterotomy-induced bleeding:Epinephrine injection with or without thermotherapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第38期15卷 4823-4828页

作者： Yung-Kuan tsou Nai-Jen Liu Jui-Hsiang Tang Kai-Feng Sung Chi-Liang cheng Ching-Song Lee Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology Division of Therapeutic EndoscopyChang Gung Memorial Hospital & Chang Gung University College of Medicine

AIM： To compare the hemostatic efficacy between epinephrine injection alone and epinephrine injection combined with thermotherapy for delayed postendoscopic sphincterotomy （ES） bleeding. METHODS： Cases with delayed post-ES bleeding undergoing epinephrine injection alone （epinephrine injection group, n = 26） or epinephrine combined with thermotherapy （combination therapy group, n = 33） in our institution between 1999 and 2007 were retrospectively investigated. The main outcome measurements were： initial endoscopic hemostasis, rebleeding, complications, requirement of angiographic embolization or surgery, requirement for blood transfusion, and mortality. RESULTS： The initial hemostatic efficacy was 96.2% for epinephrine injection alone and 100% for combination therapy （P = 0.44）. There were four patients with re-bleeding in each group （16.0% vs 12.1%, P = 0.72）. There was only one complication of pancreatitis from the combination therapy group. Three patients （11.5%） in the epinephrine injection group and one patient （3%） in the combination therapy group required angiographic embolization or surgery （P = 0.31）. The total number of blood transfusions was not significantly different between the two groups （3.5 ± 4.6 U vs 3.5 ± 4.5 U, P = 0.94）. There was no bleeding-related death in either group. CONCLUSION： Epinephrine injection alone is as effective as epinephrine injection combined with thermotherapy for the management of delayed post- ES bleeding.

关键词： Bleeding Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Endoscopic sphincterotomy Epinephrine Thermotherapy

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Association of Caveolin-1 polymorphisms with colorectal cancer susceptibility in Taiwan

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2010年第8期2卷 326-331页

作者： Mei-Due Yang Ru-Yin Tsai Chiu-Shong Liu Chao-Hsiang Chang Hwei-Chung Wang Yung-An tsou Chung-Hsing Wang cheng-Chieh Lin Song-Kun Shyue Da-Tian Bau Department of Surgery China Medical University Hospital Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory China Medical University Hospital Department of Family Medicine China Medical University Hospital Institute of Biomedical Sciences Academia Sinica

AIM: To investigate the association of Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) polymorphisms with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in a central Taiwan Residents population. METHODS: Three hundred and sixty-two patients with colorectal cancer and the same number of recruited age-and gender-matched healthy controls were genotyped. And only those matches with all single nucleotide poly-morphisms data (case/control = 362/362) were selected for final analyzing. RESULTS: There were significant differences between CRC and control groups in the distributions of their genotypes (P = 1.6 × 10 -12 and 3.0 × 10 -4 ) and allelic frequencies (P = 2.3 × 10 -13 and 4.0 × 10 -5 ) in the Cav-1 G14713A (rs3807987) and T29107A (rs7804372) poly-morphisms respectively. As for the haplotype analysis,those who had GG/AT or GG/AA at Cav-1 G14713A/ T29107A showed a 0.68-fold (95% CI: 0.48-0.98) de- creased risk of CRC compared to those with GG/TT,while those of any other combinations were of increased risk. There were joint effects of Cav-1 G14713A and T29107A genotype with smoking status on individual CRC susceptibility. CONCLUSION: This is the first report providing evidence of Cav-1 being involved in CRC and it may be novel useful genomic markers for early detection of CRC.

关键词： Caveolin-1 Colorectal cancer Carcinogenesis Polymorphism Smoking

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***-lu tsou:a tireless advocate for advancement in the standards of scientific research in China

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Protein & Cell 2011年第6期2卷 435-436页

作者： Chih-chen Wang Zhi-Xin Wang Baoyuan Zhang ming Li Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Life Sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The history of modern science in China is relatively short compared to that in western *** example,it was not until the 1920s that genetics and evolutionary theory were introduced to *** of the earliest Chinese biologists were trained overseas and returned to their beloved homeland to become pioneers of biomedical disciplines like zoology,plant biology,physiology,and neuroscience in China.

关键词： China. advancement overseas

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10 Gb/s Optical Interconnection on Flexible Optical Waveguide in Electronic Printed Circuit Board

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Optics and Photonics Journal 2013年第2期3卷 252-255页

作者： Shih-Hsiang Hsu Chih-Yuan tsou Chih-ming Wang Sheng-Chieh Tseng Department of Electronic Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Chinese Taipei Image Transfer Technology Department R & D Division Compeq Manufacturing Co. LTD Taoyuan Chinese Taipei

In this paper, we proposed 10 Gb/s transmission using 4-channel polymer waveguides on the optical electronic printed circuit board. It was simulated by the ray tracing method for tolerance study of optical interconnection and fabrication. In order for easy fabrication and high position accuracy, the polymer waveguides were forming silver coated 45° reflective mirrors by dicing method and e-beam deposition for 90° light beam turning. The coupling loss was demonstrated in different polishing grit sizes. The optical interconnection in board-embed 4-channel flexible waveguides was demonstrated with a low propagation loss of 0.1 dB/cm and a clear eye diagram at 2.5 Gb/s data rate per channel.

关键词： Flexible Waveguide Optical Electronic Printed Circuit Board

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Impairment of gastrointestinal quality of life in severely obese patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第22期20卷 7027-7033页

作者： Po-Jui Yu Ju-Juin tsou Wei-Jei Lee Kuo-Ting Lee Yi-Chih Lee Department of Nursing National Taiwan University Department of Surgery Min-Sheng General Hospital Department of Surgery National Cheng-Kung University Hospiyal Department of International Business Chien Hsin University of Science and Technology

AIM: To investigate the common gastro-intestinal symptoms and quality of life in severely obese subjects.

关键词： Severe obesity Quality of life Gastro-intestinal symptoms Glycosylated hemoglobin

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Poorly expandable common bile duct with stones on endoscopic retrograde cholangiography

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第19期18卷 2396-2401页

作者： Chi-Liang cheng Yung-Kuan tsou cheng-Hui Lin Jui-Hsiang Tang hien-Fu Hung Kai-Feng Sung Ching-Song Lee Nai-Jen Liu Division of Therapeutic Endoscopy Department of Gas-troenterology and Hepatology Chang Gung Memorial HospitalCollege of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan 333Taiwan China Division of Radiology Department of Gastro-enterology and Hepatology College of Medicine Chang GungUniversity Taoyuan 333 Taiwan China

AIM： To describe characteristics of a poorly expandable （PE） common bile duct （CBD） with stones on en- doscopic retrograde cholangiography.METHODS： APE bile duct was characterized by a rigid and relatively narrowed distal CBD with retro- grade dilatation of the non-PE segment. Between 2003 and 2006, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography （ERC） images and chart reviews of 1213 patients with newly diagnosed CBD stones were obtained from the computer database of Therapeutic Endoscopic Centerin Chang Gung Memoria acteristic PE bile duct on Hospital. Patients with char ERC were identified from the database. Data of the patients as well as the safety and technical success of therapeutic ERC were collected and analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS： A total of 30 patients with CBD stones and characteristic PE segments were enrolled in this study. The median patient age was 45 years （range, 20 to 92 years）; 66.7% of the patients were men. The di ameters of the widest non-PE CBD segment, the PE segment, and the largest stone were 14.3 ± 4.9 mm, 5.8±1.6 mm, and 11.2±4.7 mm, respectively. The length of the PE segment was 39.7±15.4 mm （range, 12.3 mm to 70.9 mm）. To remove the CBD stone（s） completely, mechanical lithotripsy was required in 25 （83.3%） patients even though the stone size was not as large as were the difficult stones that have been described in the literature. The stone size and stone/ PE segment diameter ratio were associated with the need for lithotripsy. Post-ERC complications occurred in 4 cases： pancreatitis in 1, cholangitis in 2, and an im- pacted Dormia basket with cholangitis in 1. Two （6.7%） of the 28 patients developed recurrent CBD stones at follow-up （50±14 mo） and were successfully managed with therapeutic ERC.CONCLUSION： Patients with a PE duct frequently require mechanical lithotripsy for stones extraction, To retrieve stones successfully and avoid complications, these patients should be identified during ERC,

关键词： Common bile duct stone Difficult stone Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography Mechanicallithotripsy

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Effect of synbiotics on intestinal microflora and digestive enzyme activities in rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第47期11卷 7413-7417页

作者： Suh-Ching Yang Ju-Yen Chen Huey-Fang Shang Ting-Ying cheng Su Chen tsou Jiun-Rong Chen School of Nutrition and Health Sciences College of Public Health and NutritionTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwanChina Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwanChina Viva Life Science/Westar Nutrition Costa MesaCAUnited States

AIM: To investigate the effect of synbiotics, i.e. probiotics and prebiotics mixture, on the gut microbial ecology and digestive enzyme activities in rats. METHODS: Forty-eight SD rats weighing about 280 g were used in this study. Rats were divided into three groups according to the contents of probiotics and prebiotics mixture in the feed as control, low and high dose groups. The duration of the experiment was 8 wk. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, thefecal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts were significantly increased and the fecal Coliform organism counts were markedly reduced in the low and high dose groups. Concerning the digestive enzyme activity of jejunum, only lactase activity increased in low dose group. However, significant increase of lipase, lactase, sucrase, and isomaltase activities were observed in high dose ***: Intake of low and high dosages of probiotics and prebiotics mixture significantly improved the ecosystem of the intestinal tract by increasing the probiotics population and digestive enzyme activities in rats.

关键词： Synbiotics Intestinal microflora Digestive enzyme activity

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