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BMP9 induces osteogenic differentiation through up-regulating LGR4 via the mTORC1/ Stat3 pathway in mesenchymal stem cells

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 468-483页

作者： Jie Zhang Jinhai Jiang Hang Liu Shiyu Wang Kaixin Ke Siyuan Liu yue Jiang Lu Liu Xiang gao Baicheng He Yuxi Su Department of Pharmacology School of PharmacyChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Orthopedics Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China orthopedics Department Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400014China China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders Jiangxi Hospital Affiliated Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityJiangxi 330000China National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders China

Bone defects and non-union are prevalent in clinical orthopedy,and the outcomes of current treatments are often suboptimal.Bone tissue engineering offers a promising approach to treating these conditions effectively.Bone morphogenetic protein 9(BMP9)can commit mesenchymal stem cells to osteogenic lineage,and a knowledge of the underlying mechanisms may help advance the field of bone tissue engineering.Leucine-rich repeats con-taining G protein-coupled receptor 4(LGR4),a member of G protein-coupled receptors,is essential for modulating bone development.This study is aimed at investigating the impact of LGR4 on BMP9-induced osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells as well as the underlying mechanisms.Bone marrow stromal cells from BMp9-knockout mice exhibited diminished LGR4 expression,and exogenous LGR4 clearly restored the impaired osteogenic potency of the bone marrow stromal cells.Furthermore,LGR4 expression was increased by BMP9 in C3H10T1/2 cells.LGR4 augmented the benefits of BMP9-induced osteogenic markers and bone formation,whereas LGR4 inhibition restricted these effects.Meanwhile,the BMP9-induced li-pogenic markers were increased by LGR4 inhibition.The protein levels of Raptor and p-Stat3 were elevated by BMP9.Raptor knockdown or p-Stat3 suppression attenuated the osteoblastic markers and LGR4 expression brought on by BMP9.LGR4 significantly reversed the blocking ef-fect of Raptor knockdown or p-Stat3 suppression on the BMP9-induced osteoblastic markers.Raptor interacts with p-Stat3,and p-Stat3 activates the LGR4 promoter activity.In conclusion,LGR4 boosts BMP9 osteoblastic potency in mesenchymal stem cells,and BMP9 may up-regulate LGR4 via the mTORC1/Stat3 signal activation.

关键词： BMP9 LGR4 mTORC1 Osteogenic differentiation Stat3

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Characteristics and source apportionment of ambient volatile organic compounds and ozone generation sensitivity in urban Jiaozuo,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 607-625页

作者： Pengzhao Li Chun Chen Dan Liu Jie Lian Wei Li Chuanyi Fan Liangyu Yan yue gao Miao Wang Hang Liu Xiaole Pan Jing Mao State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon and Environmental Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring Technology Henan Ecological Environment Monitoring and Safety CenterZhengzhou 450046China Jiaozuo Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Henan Province Jiaozuo 454003China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

In recent years,many cities have taken measures to reduce volatile organic compounds(VOCs),an important precursor of ozone(O_(3)),to alleviate O_(3) pollution in China.116 VOC species were measured by online and offline methods in the urban area of Jiaozuo from May to October in 2021 to analyze the compositional characteristics.VOC sources were analyzed by a positive matrix factorization(PMF)model,and the sensitivity of ozone generation was determined by ozone isopleth plotting research(OZIPR)simulation.The results showed that the average volume concentration of total VOCs was 30.54 ppbv and showed a bimodal feature due to the rush-hour traffic in the morning and at nightfall.The most dominant VOC groups were oxygenated VOCs(OVOCs,29.3%)and alkanes(26.7%),and the most abundant VOC species were acetone and acetylene.However,based on the maximum incremental reactivity(MIR)method,the major VOC groups in terms of ozone formation potential(OFP)contribution were OVOCs(68.09μg/m^(3),31.5%),aromatics(62.90μg/m^(3),29.1%)and alkene/alkynes(54.90μg/m^(3),25.4%).This indicates that the control of OVOCs,aromatics and alkene/alkynes should take priority.Five sources of VOCs were quantified by PMF,including fixed sources of fossil fuel combustion(27.8%),industrial processes(25.9%),vehicle exhaust(19.7%),natural and secondary formation(13.9%)and solvent usage(12.7%).The empirical kinetic modeling approach(EKMA)curve obtained by OZIPR on O_(3) exceedance days indicated that the O_(3) sensitivity varied in different months.The results provide theoretical support for O_(3) pollution prevention and control in Jiaozuo.

关键词： Volatile organic compounds(VOCs) Online and offline measurement Ozone formation potential(OFP) Positive matrix factorization(PMF) Ozone isopleth plotting research(OZIPR) Jiaozuo

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Controlling Three-Step and Five-Step Spin Transitions by Polymorphism in an FeIII Spin Crossover Complex

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第8期42卷 879-886页

作者： Yingying Wu Shuang Peng Ziyi Zhang yue gao Guangyan Xu Jingwei Dai Zhao-Yang Li Masahiro Yamashita School of Materials Science and Engineering Nankai University38 Tongyan RoadHaihe Educational ParkTianjin300350 China State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Nankai UniversityTianjin300071 China Department of Chemistry Graduate School of ScienceTohoku UniversitySendai980-8578 Japan

Comprehensive Summary,Regulating spin crossover(SCO)behavior,especially controlling the spin transition steps,is an important scientific issue,mainly because people aim to control spin bistability and multistability.Presently,SCO bistability can be regulated by changing the ligand-modifying species,non-coordinated anions,guest molecules,and metal-ion dopant.However,the control of multistability is extremely challenging,especially in Fe(III)SCO compounds.Here,we report that[FeIII(H-5-Br-thsa)(5-Br-thsa)]·H2O(5-Br-thsa=(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide),a compound we have reported before,exists in two polymorphic forms:polymorph 1 exhibits three-step SCO,and polymorph 2 shows five-step SCO,with multi-step SCO behavior effectively regulated by polymorphism.According to single-crystal and powder X-ray diffractometry,polymorphs 1 and 2 crystallize in different space groups during their spin transitions,with two-step symmetry breaking observed(Pbcn→Pnc2→Pbcn for polymorph 1;P21/n→Pn→P21/n for polymorph 2).We realized that the behavior of these two polymorphs depends significantly on the structure,including(i)the average Fe—N bond distance,(ii)deformation of octahedral FeIII atoms,and(iii)distinct crystal packing,which account for the large differences observed in magnetic properties.

关键词： Spin crossover Multi-step spin transition Symmetry breaking Polymorphism Magnetic property

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Critical approaches in the catalytic transformation of sugar isomerization and epimerization after Fischer-History,challenges,and prospects

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第3期9卷 435-453页

作者： Da-ming gao Xun Zhang Haichao Liu Hidemi Fujino Tingzhou Lei Fuan Sun Jie Zhu Taoli Huhe National-local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Refine and High-Quality Utilization Changzhou UniversityChangzhou213164China Institute of Urban and Rural Mining Research Changzhou UniversityChangzhou213164China Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Green Safe&High Value UtilizationChangzhou UniversityChangzhou213164China Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China Department of Rehabilitation Science Kobe University Graduate School of Health SciencesKobe654-0142Japan

The transformation of aldose to ketose or common sugars into rare saccharides,including rare ketoses and aldoses,is of great value and interest to the food industry and for saccharidic biomass utilization,medicine,and the synthesis of drugs.Nowadays,high-fructose corn syrup(HFCS)is industrially produced in more than 10 million tons annually using immobilized glucose isomerase.Some low-calorie saccharides such as tagatose and psicose,which are becoming popular sweeteners,have also been produced on a pilot scale in order to replace sucrose and HFCS.However,current catalysts and catalytic processes are still difficult to utilize in biomass conversion and also have strong substrate dependence in producing high-value,rare sugars.Considering the specific reaction properties of saccharides and catalysts,since the pioneering discovery by Fischer,various catalysts and catalytic systems have been discovered or developed in attempts to extend the reaction pathways,improve the reaction efficiency,and to potentially produce commercial products.In this review,we trace the history of sugar isomerization/epimerization reactions and summarize the important breakthroughs for each reaction as well as the difficulties that remain unresolved to date.

关键词： Rare sugars Isomerization Ketonization Epimerization Catalytic transformation

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HepG2.2.15-derived exosomes facilitate the activation and fibrosis of hepatic stellate cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第19期30卷 2553-2563页

作者： Yang gao Li Li Sheng-Ning Zhang Yuan-Yi Mang Xi-Bing Zhang Shi-ming Feng Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Vascular Surgery The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University and The First Hospital of KunmingKunming 650011Yunnan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The role of exosomes derived from HepG2.2.15 cells,which express hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related proteins,in triggering the activation of LX2 liver stellate cells and promoting liver fibrosis and cell proliferation remains elusive.The focus was on comprehending the relationship and influence of differentially expressed microRNAs(DE-miRNAs)within these exosomes.AIM To elucidate the effect of exosomes derived from HepG2.2.15 cells on the activation of hepatic stellate cell(HSC)LX2 and the progression of liver fibrosis.METHODS Exosomes from HepG2.2.15 cells,which express HBV-related proteins,were isolated from parental HepG2 and WRL68 cells.Western blotting was used to confirm the presence of the exosomal marker protein CD9.The activation of HSCs was assessed using oil red staining,whereas DiI staining facilitated the observation of exosomal uptake by LX2 cells.Additionally,we evaluated LX2 cell proliferation and fibrosis marker expression using 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuracil staining and western blotting,respectively.DE-miRNAs were analyzed using DESeq2.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathways were used to annotate the target genes of DE-miRNAs.RESULTS Exosomes from HepG2.2.15 cells were found to induced activation and enhanced proliferation and fibrosis in LX2 cells.A total of 27 miRNAs were differentially expressed in exosomes from HepG2.2.15 cells.GO analysis indicated that these DE-miRNA target genes were associated with cell differentiation,intracellular signal transduction,negative regulation of apoptosis,extracellular exosomes,and RNA binding.KEGG pathway analysis highlighted ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis,the MAPK signaling pathway,viral carcinogenesis,and the toll-like receptor signaling pathway,among others,as enriched in these targets.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that exosomes from HepG2.2.15 cells play a substantial role in the activation,proliferation,and fibrosis of LX2 cells and that DE-miRNAs within these exosomes contribute to the underlying mechanisms.

关键词： Hepatic stellate cells Liver fibrosis Exosomes Small RNA sequencing HepG2.2.15

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Macro-superlubricity in sputtered MoS_(2)-based films by decreasing edge pinning effect

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Friction 2024年第1期12卷 52-63页

作者： Chunmeng DONG Dong JIANG Yanlong FU Desheng WANG Qinqin WANG Lijun WENG ming HU Xiaoming gao Jiayi SUN State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

To date,MoS_(2) can only be achieved at microscale.Edge pinning effect caused by structure defects is the most obvious barrier to expand the size of structural superlubricity to macroscale.Herein,we plan to pin edge planes of MoS_(2) with nanospheres,and then the incommensurate structure can be formed between adjacent rolling nanoparticles to reduce friction.The sputtered MoS_(2) film was prepared by the physical vapor deposition(PVD)in advance.Then enough Cu_(2)O nanospheres(~40 nm)were generated in situ at the edge plane of MoS_(2) layers by liquid phase synthesis.An incommensurate structure(mismatch angle(θ)=8°)caused by MoS_(2) layers was formed before friction.The friction coefficient of the films(5 N,1,000 r/min)was~6.0×10^(−3) at the most.During friction,MoS_(2) layers pinned on numerous of Cu_(2)O nanoparticles reduced its edge pinning effect and decreased friction.Moreover,much more incommensurate was formed,developing macro-superlubricity.

关键词： sputtered MoS_(2)film Cu_(2)O nanospheres edge pinning effect macro-superlubricity

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Intelligent extraction of road cracks based on vehicle laser point cloud and panoramic sequence images

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Journal of Road Engineering 2024年第1期4卷 69-79页

作者： ming Guo Li Zhu ming Huang Jie Ji Xian Ren Yaxuan Wei Chutian gao School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 102616China Engineering Research Centre of Representative Building and Architectural Heritage Database Ministry of EducationBeijing 100044China Key Laboratory of Modern Urban Surveying and Mapping National Administration of SurveyingBeijing 102616China School of Civil and Transportation Engineering Beijing University of Civil Engineering and ArchitectureBeijing 102616China

In light of the limited efficacy of conventional methods for identifying pavement cracks and the absence of comprehensive depth and location data in two-dimensional photographs,this study presents an intelligent strategy for extracting road cracks.This methodology involves the integration of laser point cloud data obtained from a vehicle-mounted system and a panoramic sequence of images.The study employs a vehicle-mounted LiDAR measurement system to acquire laser point cloud and panoramic sequence image data simultaneously.A convolutional neural network is utilized to extract cracks from the panoramic sequence image.The extracted sequence image is then aligned with the laser point cloud,enabling the assignment of RGB information to the vehicle-mounted three dimensional(3D)point cloud and location information to the two dimensional(2D)panoramic image.Additionally,a threshold value is set based on the crack elevation change to extract the aligned roadway point cloud.The three-dimensional data pertaining to the cracks can be acquired.The experimental findings demonstrate that the use of convolutional neural networks has yielded noteworthy outcomes in the extraction of road cracks.The utilization of point cloud and image alignment techniques enables the extraction of precise location data pertaining to road cracks.This approach exhibits superior accuracy when compared to conventional methods.Moreover,it facilitates rapid and accurate identification and localization of road cracks,thereby playing a crucial role in ensuring road maintenance and traffic safety.Consequently,this technique finds extensive application in the domains of intelligent transportation and urbanization development.The technology exhibits significant promise for use in the domains of intelligent transportation and city development.

关键词： Road crack extraction Vehicle laser point cloud Panoramic sequence images Convolutional neural network

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Plotinus:A Satellite Internet Digital Twin System

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Journal of Communications and Information Networks 2024年第1期9卷 24-33页

作者： yue gao Kun Qiu Zhe Chen Wenjun Zhu Qi Zhang Handong Luo Quanwei Lin Ziheng Yang Wenhao Liu The Intelligent Networking and Computing Research Center and School of Computer Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

The development of space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGIN) requires sophisticated satellite Internet emulation tools that can handle complex, dynamic topologies and offer in-depth analysis. Existing emulation platforms struggle with challenges like the need for detailed implementation across all network layers, real-time response, and scalability. This paper proposes a digital twin system based on microservices for satellite Internet emulation,namely Plotinus,which aims to solve these problems. Plotinus features a modular design, allowing for easy replacement of the physical layer to emulate different aerial vehicles and analyze channel interference. It also enables replacing of path computation methods to simplify testing and deploying algorithms. In particular, Plotinus allows for real-time emulation with live network traffic,enhancing practical network models. The evaluation result shows Plotinus’s effective emulation of dynamic satellite networks with real-world devices. Its adaptability for various communication models and algorithm testing highlights Plotinus’s role as a vital tool for developing and analyzing SAGIN systems, offering a cross-layer,real-time,and scalable digital twin system.

关键词： network emulation framework dynamic topology adjustment microservice architecture

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Application of artificial intelligence in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第5期137卷 559-561页

作者： Jingli Du yue Su Juan Qiao Shang gao Enjun Dong Ruilan Wang Yanhui Nie Jing Ji Zhendong Wang Jianqin Liang Wenping Gong Tuberculosis Control Team Senior Department of TuberculosisThe Eighth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing 100091China Department of Computer Science and Technology College of Management Science and EngineeringCapital University of Economics and BusinessBeijing 100071China The Second Ward of Tuberculosis Department Senior Department of TuberculosisThe Eighth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing 100091China Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment Senior Department of TuberculosisThe Eighth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijing 100091China

Tuberculosis(TB)is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Although the diagnostic technology of pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)has advanced,accurate and differential diagnoses of PTB are still challenging.In recent years,the rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)and its wide application in the medical field have provided new opportunities for diagnosing and treating TB and PTB.The machine learning model of AI has not only helped physicians improve diagnostic accuracy,but also enabled them to make early preventive diagnoses for individuals at increased risk of infection.Furthermore,AI can guide physicians to formulate targeted treatment strategies for PTB patients with different conditions.

关键词： tuberculosis diagnosis artificial

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A high-sensitive and self-selective humanoid mechanoreceptor for spatiotemporal tactile stimuli cognition

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 4400-4409页

作者： Shuxin Bi Xuan Zhao Fangfang gao Xiaochen Xun Bin Zhao Liangxu Xu Tian Ouyang Qingliang Liao yue Zhang Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Devices for Post-Moore Chips Ministry of EducationBeijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and TechnologiesSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The cognition of spatiotemporal tactile stimuli,including fine spatial stimuli and static/dynamic temporal stimuli,is paramount for intelligent robots to feel their surroundings and complete manipulation tasks.However,current tactile sensors have restrictions on simultaneously demonstrating high sensitivity and performing selective responses to static/dynamic stimuli,making it a challenge to effectively cognize spatiotemporal tactile stimuli.Here,we report a high-sensitive and self-selective humanoid mechanoreceptor(HMR)that can precisely respond to spatiotemporal tactile stimuli.The HMR with PDMS/chitosan@CNTs(PDMS:polydimethylsiloxane;CNT:carbon nanotube)graded microstructures and polyurethane hierarchical porous spacer exhibits high sensitivity of 3790.8 kPa^(-1).The HMR demonstrates self-selective responses to static and dynamic stimuli with mono signal through the hybrid of piezoresistive and triboelectric mechanisms.Consequently,it can respond to spatiotemporal tactile stimuli and generate distinguishable and multi-type characteristic signals.With the assistance of the convolutional neural network,multiple target objects can be easily identified with a high accuracy of 99.1%.This work shows great potential in object precise identification and dexterous manipulation,which is the basis of intelligent robots and natural human-machine interactions.

关键词： mechanoreceptors self-selective high-sensitive spatiotemporal tactile stimuli cognition sensors

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