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Use of two-stage dough mixing process in improving water distribution of dough and qualities of bread made from wheat–potato flour

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第1期20卷 300-310页

作者： YIN Jian CHENG Li hong Yan LI Zhao-feng LI Cai-ming BAN Xiao-feng gu Zheng-biao State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122P.R.China School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122P.R.China Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122P.R.China

The two-stage dough mixing process was innovated to improve the qualities of bread made from potato flour(PF) and wheat flour at a ratio of 1:1(w/w). The final dough was first prepared from wheat flour before being added with PF. The effects of the method on enhancing the dough qualities were verified, and the distribution of water in gluten-gelatinized starch matrix of the doughs was investigated. We observed that the bread qualities were improved, as reflected by the increase of specific volume from 2.26 to 2.96 m L g^–1 and the decrease of crumb hardness from 417.93 to 255.57 g. The results from rheofermentometric measurements showed that the dough mixed using the developed mixing method had higher maximum dough height value, time of dough porosity appearance, and gas retention coefficient, as well as enhanced gluten matrix formation compared to that mixed by the traditional mixing method. The results from low-field nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed that the competitive water absorption between gluten and gelatinized starch could restrict the formation of gluten network in the dough mixed using the traditional mixing process. Using the novel mixing method, gluten could be sufficiently hydrated in stage 1, which could then weaken the competitive water absorption caused by gelatinized starch in stage 2;this could also be indicated by the greater mobility of proton in PF and better development of gluten network during mixing.

关键词： gelatinized starch gluten network potato flour water distribution two-stage dough mixing process

Science Research and Utilization Planning of China’s Space Station in Operation Period 2022–2032

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空间科学学报 2020年第5期40卷 609-614页

作者： gu Yidong GAO ming ZHAO guangheng Key Laboratory of Space Utilization Technology and Engineering Center for Space UtilizationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094

The core module of China’s Space Station(CSS)is scheduled to be launched around the end of 2020,and the experimental module I and II will be launched in the next two *** on-orbit constructions,CSS will be transferred into an operation period over 10 years(2022–2032 and beyond)to continuously implement space science *** present,based on the project selection and research work in the ground development period of CSS,China is systematically making a utilization mission planning for the operation period,which focuses on the fields of aerospace medicine and human research,space life science and biotechnology,microgravity fluid physics,combustion science,materials science,fundamental physics,space astronomy and astrophysics,Earth science,space physics and space environment,space application technology,*** combination with the latest development trend of space science and technology,China will continue to update planning for science research and technology development,carry out project cultivation,payload R&D,and upgrade onboard and ground experiment supporting systems to achieve greater comprehensive benefits in science,technology,economy,and society。

关键词： China’s space station Utilization Planning Experiment

Experimental investigation on the failure mechanism of a rock landslide controlled by a steep-gentle discontinuity pair

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第6期16卷 1258-1274页

作者： HUANG Da Zhong Zhu gu Dong-ming State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China School of Civil and Transportation Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300401China

A type of rock landslide is very common in practical engineering, whose stability is mainly controlled by the rock bridge between the steep tensile crack at the crest and the low-inclination weak discontinuities at the toe(namely, ligament is the term for the locking section in the slope). To obtain a deeper understanding into the failure process of this kind of landslide, twenty-four physical slope models containing a steep-gentle discontinuity pair(a steep crack in the upper part and a low-inclination discontinuity in the lower part) were tested by applying vertical loads at the crests. The results indicate that the inclination angle of the ligament(θ) has great influence on the failure and stability of this type of rock slope. With the change of θ, three failure patterns(five subtypes) concerning the tested slopes can be observed, i.e., tensile failure of the ligament(Type 1), tension-shear failure of the ligament(Type 2) and two-stage failure of the main body(Type 3). The failure process of each failure mode presents five stages in terms of crack development, vertical load, horizontal/vertical displacements and strains in the ligaments. The specific range of the ligament angle between different failure patterns is summarized. The discussion on the failure resistances and ductility of different failure patterns, and the guiding significances of the experimental findings to the stability evaluation and the reinforcement were conducted.

关键词： Rock landslide Failure pattern Failure evolution Locking section Crack coalescence

Development in the research of molecular mechanism of Alzheimer's disease

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第14期44卷 1257-1264页

作者： ming gu Xiaomin Wang Yuanyue Mu ming Fan Neuroscience Research Institute of Beijing Medical University Beijing China Basal Medicine Institute of Military Medical Academy Beijing China

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a kind of central nervous system disease. The cause of AD is unclear. It is found that the remarkable histopathological characters of AD are senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.β-amyloid plays an important role in the formation of senile plaques and the abnormal phosphorylation of Tau protein is the main reason of neurofibrillary tangles. Apolipoprotein E is correlated to AD’s access, and the third pathological characterAMY plaque perhaps represents a new cause of AD. Presenlin and proteinaceous infectious particles are also related with AD. A summary of molecular mechanism for AD and the development of research is presented.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease senile plaque neurofibrillary tangles β-amyloid Tau protein apoliporprotein E presenlin proteinaceous infectious particles.

The roles of active species in photo-decomposition of organic compounds by microwave powered electrodeless discharge lamps

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第7期27卷 60-68页

作者： Jun hong Bo Han Nannan Yuan Jingli gu School of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry China University of Geosciences

Knowledge of the effective radiation spectrum irradiating substrates from microwave powered electrodeless discharge lamps（MEDLs）, and the active species that directly oxidize substrates in the photolytic process, is fragmentary and unclear. In this work, we conducted a comparative study using MEDLs made with quartz envelopes（MEDL-quartz） and with borosilicate Pyrex envelopes（MEDL-Pyrex） targeting the degradation of Rhodamine B（Rh B）via radical-extinguishing tests. We found that UVC/UVB radiation is essential to generate·OH and H2O2 in the MEDL-quartz system. The degradation of Rh B mostly originates from·OH species, which account for a contribution of 53.8%, while the remaining contribution is attributed to oxidation by H2O2 and direct photolysis. This degradation is influenced by several parameters. Acidic and neutral p Hs, but not extreme alkaline p H, benefit the degradation. To ensure a high intensity of UVC/UVB, the optimum ratio of the MEDL volume to the aqueous solution volume（VL/VS） is 0.4. Concentrations of 0.15-0.20 mmol/L of Rh B are suitable to obtain an effective quantum absorbance in the MEDL-quartz system,showing a high decomposition rate of 5.6 × 10^-3（mmol/L）min-1. Moreover, two other substrates, Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B and Safranine T, were tested and found to be efficiently degraded in the MEDL-quartz system.

关键词： Microwave Electrodeless discharge lamps UVC/UVB Species Degradation

GA-Based Model Predictive Control of Semi-Active Landing Gear

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2007年第1期20卷 47-54页

作者： WU Dong-su gu hong-bin LIU Hui College of Civil Aviation Nanjing Universityy of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016 China

Semi-active landing gear can provide good performance of both landing impact and taxi situation, and has the ability for adapting to various ground conditions and operational conditions. A kind of Nonlinear Model Predictive Control algorithm （NMPC） for semi-active landing gears is developed in this paper. The NMPC algorithm uses Genetic Algorithm （GA） as the optimization technique and chooses damping performance of landing gear at touch down to be the optimization object. The valve＇s rate and magnitude limitations are also considered in the controller＇s design. A simulation model is built for the semi-active landing gear＇s damping process at touchdown. Drop tests are carried out on an experimental passive landing gear systerm to validate the parameters of the simulation model. The result of numerical simulation shows that the isolation of impact load at touchdown can be significantly improved compared to other control algorithms. The strongly nonlinear dynamics of semi-active landing gear coupled with control valve＇s rate and magnitude limitations are handled well with the proposed controller.

关键词： landing gear semi-active control: nonlinear model predictive control impact load genetic algorithm

Closed-loop subspace identification algorithm based on correlation function estimates

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2015年第3期58卷 173-182页

作者： WANG Jia MILLER Daniel WANG hongWei gu hong Department of Biotechnology Dalian Medical University School of Control Science and Engineering Dalian University of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California San Diego

A novel subspace identification method based on correlation function which estimates a state-space system dynamics of unknown plant operating in closed-loop experimental condition is proposed in this *** is shown that the cross-correlation function of the output and external input signals are equal to the crosscorrelation function of the input and external signals filtered through the system dynamics since noise signal has no correlation with the external *** proposed algorithm is developed to obtain unbiased estimates of system matrices based on time-shifted invariance of the correlation function *** the algorithm is compared to other popular subspace methods in the simulation study and the results show the effectiveness of our method in the presence of colored noise and low signal-to-noise ratios.

关键词： subspace identification method correlation function estimates closed-loop system asymptotic properties the system dynamics

Sorption and desorption of pymetrozine on six Chinese soils

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第1期10卷 1-10页

作者： mingxing GAO Yingying LI hong YANG Yucheng gu Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science College of Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China Syngenta Nantong Crop Protection Co. Ltd. Nantong Economic & Technological Development Area Nantong 226009 China Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre Bracknell Berkshire RG42 6EY UK

Pymetrozine is a selective insecticide with a unique chemical structure and mode to control hemipteran and homopteran. While pymetrozine has brought great benefits to crop production by killing insects, its residues in soil may have a detrimental effect on environment. Therefore, it is of great importance to investigate its behaviors in soil. In this study, the sorption and desorption of pymetrozine on six Chinese soils were investigated using a batch equilibrium approach to understand its mobile behavior in the soils. Both sorption and desorption isotherms ofpymetrozine were in good agreement with the Freundlich model. The sorption coefficient KF varied between 3.37 and 58.32 mL. g-1 and the sorption isotherms were nonlinear, with 1/n ranging from 0.57 to 0.91. A regression equation was proposed to predict the solption of pymetrozine on six different soil samples： log KF = 4.3708 - 4.5709 × log （pH in 0.01mol·L-1 CaC12）＋ 0.4700 × log OC% ＋ 0.0057 × sand （%）＋ 0.0022 × CEC（clay）, with R2 = 0.9982. The organic carbon content of soil positively affected the sorption ofpymetrozine, but soil pH had a negative effect on the sorption. Additionally, effects of CaC12 concentration, soil to solution ratio and pesticide form were investigated. The sorption was promoted with an increase in soil to solution ratio and a decrease in CaC12 concentration. The possible variation of the five formulated products of pymetrozine was also investigated.

关键词： pymetrozine sorption desorption soil

Hemin associated to cetyltrimethylammonium broide micelles: a biomimetic catalyst for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol degradation

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Science China Chemistry 2015年第7期58卷 1220-1226页

作者： Lihui Zhang Cheng gu Ran hong Haiping Zhang State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Pingdingshan University

For the first time, an efficient, green, economical biomimetic catalyst （hemin-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide micelles） was discovered to degrade 2,4,6-trichlorophenol （TCP）. The degradation experiments indicate that pH, temperature, the addition of 2-methyIimidazole, and the amount of hydrogen peroxide influence the degradation process. Test of reusability revealed that CTAB micelles can protect hemin from destruction by H202 and that the materials can be recycled. This material can be of great use for waste-water treatment.

关键词： hemin-CTAB micelles biomimetic catalyst degrade TCP recycle