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Shale porosity measurement by the saturated oil method: Removing the contribution from oils dissolved in kerogen

Petroleum Science 2023年第6期20卷 3273-3279页

作者： Jin-Bu Li Min Wang hao-ming Shao ming Li Liang Liu Shuang-Fang Lu National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580ShandongChina Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Geology Xi'an 710000ShaanxiChina Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources(China University of Geosciences) Ministry of EducationWuhan 430074HubeiChina Sanya Offshore Oil&Gas Research Institute Northeast Petroleum UniversitySanya 572025HainanChina

Shale porosity measurements have crucial scientific and economical applications in unconventionalpetroleum systems. As a standard technique, liquid saturation methods, including water saturation (WS)and oil saturation (OS), have been widely used to measure the porosity of many rock types. For clay-richshale reservoirs with high organic matter content, it is well known that the WS method may cause clayswelling and induce structural changes in the pore system. The OS method affects the accuracy ofporosity measurements because of some of the oil being dissolved by kerogen within the shale;however,this has not received sufficient research attention. In this study, we compare the previously reported andnewly tested OS porosities with helium (He) expansion porosity. Results show that OS porosity generallyexceeds the He porosity. Furthermore, the higher the total organic carbon (TOC) content and lower thematurity of shale, the greater the difference between the OS and helium porosities. When using the OSmethod, the effect of kerogen-dissolved oil causes an overestimation of the shale porosity by ~30%. To thebest of our knowledge, this is the first time to note the kerogen-dissolve oil effects on OS porosity. Herein,we propose a new, simple, and effective correction method for estimating OS porosity that involvessubtracting the kerogen-dissolved oil content from raw OS porosity. In addition, the quantification modelof kerogen-dissolved oil capacity is established, taking into account the abundance and maturity oforganic matter. Taking the He porosity as the benchmark, the absolute error of the corrected OS porositydoes not exceed 1% and the average relative error is only ~10%. The obtained results can help improve theaccuracy of shale porosity evaluation methods.

关键词： Shale Porosity Oil saturation Kerogen-dissolved oil Water saturation

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Improving the efficiency of magnetic coupling energy transfer byetching fractal patterns in the shielding metals

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2016年第1期17卷 74-82页

作者： Qing-feng LI Shao-bo CHE Wei-ming WANG Hong-wei hao Lu-ming LI School of Aerospace Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China National Engineering Laboratory for Neuromodulation Beijing 100084 China Center of Epilepsy Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Beijing 100084 China

Thin metal sheets are often located in the coupling paths of magnetic coupling energy transfer(MCET) systems. Eddy currents in the metals reduce the energy transfer efficiency and can even present safety risks. This paper describes the use of etched fractal patterns in the metals to suppress the eddy currents and improve the efficiency. Simulation and experimental results show that this approach is very effective. The fractal patterns should satisfy three features, namely, breaking the metal edge, etching in the high-intensity magnetic field region, and etching through the metal in the thickness direction. Different fractal patterns lead to different results. By altering the eddy current distribution, the fractal pattern slots reduce the eddy current losses when the metals show resistance effects and suppress the induced magnetic field in the metals when the metals show inductance effects. Fractal pattern slots in multilayer high conductivity metals(e.g., Cu) reduce the induced magnetic field intensity significantly. Furthermore, transfer power, transfer efficiency, receiving efficiency, and eddy current losses all increase with the increase of the number of etched layers. These results can benefit MCET by efficient energy transfer and safe use in metal shielded equipment.

关键词： Fractal pattern,Metal-layer-shield,Eddy current,Magnetic coupling energy transfer

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Insertion of Supramolecular Segments into Covalently Crosslinked Polyurethane Networks towards the Fabrication of Recyclable Elastomers

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2022年第3期40卷 321-330,I0009页

作者： Lu-Ping Wang ming-Guang Zhang Jing-Cheng hao Xu Wang National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan 250100China Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan 250100China

Thermoset plastics have become one of the most important chemical products in the world. The consequent problem is that although the thermosets possess excellent performance in mechanical strength, they cannot be reprocessed because of the internal permanent network structures. Optimizing the molecular design of thermosets is one of the most feasible ways to improve their recyclability. Here we present a facile and robust strategy to engineer the reprocessability of thermoset polyurethanes without compromising their mechanical toughness and chemical resistance via adding supramolecular additives during the polymer synthesis process. By using a multiple hydrogen bonding moiety as the model supramolecular additive, we demonstrate that the mechanical properties, recyclability, and chemical resistance of the crosslinked polyurethanes can be precisely controlled by adjusting the contents of the supramolecular additive. Systematic studies on the relations between molecular design and material properties are performed, and the optimized polyurethane network with a moderate amount of the supramolecular additive achieves the right balance between the robustness and recyclability. This work provides a cost-effective and practical way to chemically engineer thermoset plastics, aiming to enable the recycling of mechanically tough and chemically stable polymer materials.

关键词： Thermoset plastics Recyclability Polyurethane Supramolecular additives Chemical resistance

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CGTracker:Center Graph Network for One-Stage Multi-Pedestrian-Object Detection and Tracking

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2022年第3期37卷 626-640页

作者： Xin Feng hao-ming Wu Yi-hao Yin Li-Bin Lan College of Computer Science and Engineering Chongqing University of TechnologyChongqing 400054China

Most current online multi-object tracking(MOT)methods include two steps:object detection and data association,where the data association step relies on both object feature extraction and affinity *** often leads to additional computation cost,and degrades the efficiency of MOT *** this paper,we combine the object detection and data association module in a unified framework,while getting rid of the extra feature extraction process,to achieve a better speed-accuracy trade-off for *** that a pedestrian is the most common object category in real-world scenes and has particularity characteristics in objects relationship and motion pattern,we present a novel yet efficient one-stage pedestrian detection and tracking method,named *** particular,CGTracker detects the pedestrian target as the center point of the object,and directly extracts the object features from the feature representation of the object center point,which is used to predict the axis-aligned bounding ***,the detected pedestrians are constructed as an object graph to facilitate the multi-object association process,where the semantic features,displacement information and relative position relationship of the targets between two adjacent frames are used to perform the reliable online *** achieves the multiple object tracking accuracy(MOTA)of 69.3%and 65.3%at 9 FPS on MOT17 and MOT20,*** experimental results under widely-used evaluation metrics demonstrate that our method is one of the best techniques on the leader board for the MOT17 and MOT20 challenges at the time of submission of this work.

关键词： pedestrian detection and tracking object center object graph

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Experimental study on Ti+Nb bearing ultra-low carbon bake hardening sheet steel hot-rolled in the ferrite region

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2009年第5期16卷 540-548页

作者： Ji-ping Chen Yong-lin Kang Ying-min hao Guang-ming Liu Ai-ming Xiong School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China The State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Steel Research Institute of Shougang Beijing 100041 China

A Ti＋Nb bearing ultra-low carbon bake hardening sheet steel hot-rolled in the conventional austenite region and in the ferrite region with lubrication was experimentally studied. Subsequent cold rolling and continuous annealing processes were also conducted. The results show that microstructures of ultra-low carbon bake hardening hot strips at room temperature are basically irregular polygonal ferrites. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, n value, and r value of the No.2 specimen hot-rolled in the ferrite region with lubrication are 243 MPa, 364 MPa, 0.29, and 1.74, respectively, which are similar to those of the No.1 specimen hot-roiled in the conventional austenite region. The elongation rate and bake hardening value of No.2 specimen are 51% and 49.4 MPa, respectively, which are greater than those of No. 1 specimen. The No.2 specimen hot-rolled in the ferrite region with lubrication exhibits good mechanical properties and relatively excellent baking hardening performance. Therefore, the hot rolling experiment of Ti＋Nb bearing ultra-low carbon bake hardening steel in the ferrite region with lubrication is feasible and can be considered in the future industrial trial production.

关键词： ultra low carbon steel bake hardening texture microstructure mechanical properties

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Numerical analysis of heat transfer enhancement on steam condensation in the presence of air outside the tube

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2022年第8期33卷 55-68页

作者： Wen-Tao Li Xian-Ke Meng hao-Zhi Bian ming Ding Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Power System and Equipment Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001China China Nuclear Engineering Consulting Co. Ltd.Beijing 100073China

In loss-of-coolant accidents,a passive containment heat removal system protects the integrity of the containment by condensing *** a large amount of air exists in the containment,the steam condensation heat transfer can be significantly *** on previous research,traditional methods for enhancing pure steam condensation may not be applicable to steam–air *** the present study,new methods of enhancing condensation heat transfer were adopted and several potentially enhanced heat transfer tubes,including corrugated tubes,spiral fin tubes,and ring fin tubes were ***-CCM+was used to determine the effect of enhanced heat transfer tubes on the steam condensation heat *** to the calculations,the gas pressure ranged from 0.2 to 1.6 MPa,and air mass fraction ranged from 0.1 to *** effective perturbation of the high-concentration air layer was identified as the key factor for enhancing steam–air condensation heat ***,the designed corrugated tube performed well at atmospheric pressure,with a maximum enhancement of 27.4%,and performed poorly at high *** the design of spiral fin tubes,special attention should be paid to the locations that may accumulate high-concentration ***,the ring-fin tubes generally displayed good performance under all conditions of interest,with a maximum enhancement of 24.2%.

关键词： Air–steam condensation Numerical simulation Heat transfer enhancement Fin tube

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Design and Experimental Study of A Pile-Based Breakwater Integrated with OWC Chamber

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China Ocean Engineering 2021年第3期35卷 443-453页

作者： QU ming YU Ding-yong DOU Zhi-hao WANG Shi-lin College of Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China

A structure scheme of a pile-based breakwater with integrated oscillating water column(OWC)energy conversion chamber was proposed,and four structure forms had been *** on the physical test,the variations of the reflected wave height,the transmitted wave height,the air velocity at the outlet of the chamber,the air pressure and the wave height in the air chamber were studied under the conditions of different wave heights,periods,with or without elliptical front wall and the baffles on both sides of the ***,based on the results,the changes and relationship between the wave-eliminating effect and energy conversion effect of the scheme were *** general,it turns out,the transmission coefficients of the four structure forms are kept below ***,the transmission coefficients of the structural forms G2,G3,and G4 were all smaller than 0.4,and it is only 0.1 at its ***,in general,the structure form G4 has the best wave-eliminating and energy conversion *** the same time,when the wave steepness is 0.066,the energy conversion and wave dissipation effect of the four structure forms is the *** research results could be provided as the reference for the design structure selection of pile-based breakwater with integrated OWC energy conversion chamber.

关键词： wave energy conversion breakwaters energy efficiency power transmission pile-based breakwaters oscillating water column

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ANALYTICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF FLOW DISTRIBUTION IN MANIFOLDS FOR HEAT EXChaNGERS

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2008年第2期20卷 179-185页

作者： LU Fang LUO Yong-hao YANG Shi-ming School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200240 China

The prediction of flow distribution in flow manifolds is important for the design of heat exchangers. The pressure drop along the flow in the header is the most influential factor in flow distribution. Various continuous models available in literature have failed to satisfactorily predict the pressure distribution in the headers of the flow manifolds. In this article, a discrete model matching the real physical phenomena has been proposed, to predict the pressure distribution in headers. An experimental evaluation of relevant flow characteristic parameters has been carried out to support the discrete model calculations. The validity of the theoretical discrete model has been performed with experimental results, under specific conditions. Refined experimental probes, for pressure heads with ultrasonic measuring devices, have been used to obtain accurate results. The experimental results fully substantiate the soundness of the theoretical prediction. In addition, the advantage of the ability to accommodate local disturbances in the discrete model has been pointed out. The effect of some local disturbances may be substantial. As a result of the analysis presented in this article, improved designs of flow manifolds in heat exchangers can be realized, to assure operation safety under severe operating conditions.

关键词： heat exchanger flow distribution flow manifold discrete model

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Negative Thermal Expansion and Spontaneous Magnetostriction of Nd2Fe16.5Cr0.5 Compound

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Chinese Physics Letters 2020年第1期37卷 48-50页

作者： Li-Yu hao Tie Yang ming Tan School of Physics Science and Technology Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715 College of Science Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450002

The structural,thermal expansion,and magnetic properties of the Nc/2^16.5^0.5 compound are investigated by means of x-ray diffraction and magnetization *** Nd2^616.560.5 compound has a rhombohedral Th2Znn-type *** exists a small negative thermal expansion resulting from a spontaneous magnetostriction in the magnetic state of the^2^16.5 Cr0.5 *** average thermal expansion coefficient is-1.06×10^6/K in a temperature range 299-394 *** spontaneous magnetostrictive deformation and the Curie temperature are discussed.

关键词： structure. deformation Nd2Fe

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Invasion biology of the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley: Current knowledge and future directions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第4期18卷 758-770页

作者： TONG hao-jie AO Yan LI Zi-hao WANG Ying JIANG ming-xing Institute of Insect Sciences Zhejiang University

The cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), which is native to North America, emerged as a major invasive insect pest of multiple crops in Asia at the beginning of the 21 st century. Considering the economic significance of this insect and its rapid worldwide spread, we examined the possible factors driving its invasions. In this paper, we summarize the life history traits of P. solenopsis conceivably related to population development in invaded regions; these traits include its use of diverse host plants, reproductive capacity and mode, adaptation to temperature, response to food shortage, and insecticidal resistance. Then, focusing on the multiple trophic interactions that may promote or hinder invasion, we review the mutualistic relationship of this mealybug with ants and predation and parasitism by natural enemies. Finally, we suggest topics for future research and provide our perspective on the biological invasions of this mealybug. We speculate that specific biological factors associated with this mealybug, particularly its wide host range, high reproductive potential, evolved changes in life history traits, and mutualism with ants have played important roles in its invasions, allowing this pest to become established and rapidly increase its population upon its introduction into new regions.

关键词： cotton mealybug biological invasion reproduction mutualism natural enemies adaptation

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