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Optimized Protection Strategies for HVDC Grid with Fault-blocking Modular Multilevel Converters for Overhead Line Applications

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2020年第6期8卷 1168-1177页

作者： Sheng Yan Zhiyuan He Jie Yang ming kong Minqiang Hu Southeast University NanjingChina Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute BeijingChina

The high-voltage direct current(HVDC)grid has been recognized as an effective solution for renewable energy ***,two main development trends for HVDC grids are being studied:a DC breaker based HVDC grid and fault-blocking converter based HVDC *** the former has a perfect performance for fault clearance,its development is still highly constrained by the cost and maturity of DC *** latter can extinguish DC faults by the fault-blocking *** using DC breakers,there is no bottleneck in its technical ***,in fault scenarios,such types of HVDC grids will be blocked at length for air-deionization,which is its main *** aim of this paper is to minimize its power interruption time,by optimizing protection coordination *** cover the most complex cases,the overhead line applications,in which the reclosure actions are required to be implemented,are *** this paper,the protection requirements of HVDC grids are first discussed,then the benefits of fault-blocking modular multilevel converters(MMCs)and their fault features are *** on this,a control function is designed to reduce the air-deionization *** minimize the influence of the DC faults,a separation methodology for restarting the system is *** effectiveness of the proposed protection coordination schemes is validated by PSCAD/EMTDC simulations.

关键词： Modular multilevel converter(MMC) high-voltage direct current(HVDC) overhead line fault-blocking converter protection coordination

Systematic review of risk factors for progressive ischemic stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2011年第5期6卷 346-352页

作者： Weimin Yang Fanyi kong ming Liu Zilong Hao Department of Neurology West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Province China

OBJECTIVE： To determine the risk factors for progressive ischemic stroke, and to prevent onset and make a prognosis of disease, the present study systemically evaluated 19 cohort studies and 10 case-controlled studies of progressive ischemic stroke. SEARCH STRATEGY： A computer-based, online, literature search of PubMed （1966/2007）, China Biological Medicine Database （CBM-disc, 1979/2007） and CNKI （***, 1979/2007） was performed to screen for related studies. DATA SELECTION： Cohort or case-controlled studies that focused on risk factors of progressive ischemic stroke were selected for review. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality according to Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan software. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT： Risk factors for progressive ischemic stroke. RESULTS： Using the inclusion criteria, 29/781 studies published in English and Chinese were initially reviewed, including 19 cohort studies and 10 case-control studies. Despite variations in determination of progressive ischemic stroke and the intervals between 2 evaluations, all studies described the diagnostic criteria for progressive ischemic stroke. Logistic analysis was employed in 20 of the studies. Meta-analysis of primary data in the related studies determined that the following factors that significantly correlated with progressive ischemic stroke： fever [risk ratio （RR） = 2.26, 95% confidence interval （CO： 1.20-4.26, P = 0.01; odds ratio （OR） = 2.85, 95% CI： 1.64-4.98, P 〈 0.01 ）]; diabetes （RR = 1.38, 95% CI： 1.18-1.61, P 〈 0.01 ; OR = 2.48, 95% Ch 1.93-3.19, P 〈 0.01 ）; coronary heart disease （RR = 1.22, 95% CI： 1.08-1.38, P 〈 0.01）; neuroimaging transformation （RR= 1.55, 95%CI： 1.34-1.80, P〈 0.01; OR= 2.29, 95% CI： 1.47-3.58, P〈 0.01）; and hyperglycemia （RR = 2.62, 95% CI： 1.86-3.68, P 〈 0.01 ; OR = 3.49, 95% CI： 1.92-6.35, P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Fever, diabetes, coronary heart disease, neuroimaging transformation,

关键词： systematic review meta-analysis stroke progressive risk factors predictors neural regeneration

Prognostic value of ECOG performance status and Gleason score in the survival of castration-resistant prostate cancer:a systematic review

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第2期23卷 163-169页

作者： Wen-Jun Chen Da-ming kong Liang Li Center of Clinical Pharmacology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310009China Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery System Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China

Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)performance status and Gleason score are commonly investigated factors for overall survival(OS)in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC).However,there is a lack of consistency regarding their prognostic or predictive value for ***,we performed this meta-analysis to assess the associations of ECOG performance status and Gleason score with OS in CRPC patients and compare the two markers in patients under different treatment regimens or with different chemotherapy histories.A systematic literature review of monotherapy studies in CRPC patients was conducted in the PubMed database until May *** data from 8247 patients in 34 studies,including clinical trials and real-world data,were included in our *** these,twenty studies reported multivariate results and were included in our main *** patients with higher ECOG performance statuses(≥2)had a significantly increased mortality risk than those with lower ECOG performance statuses(<2),hazard ratio(HR):2.10,95%confidence interval(CI):1.68-2.62,and P<*** synthesized HR of OS stratified by Gleason score was 1.01,with a 95%CI of 0.62-1.67(Gleason score≥8 vs<8).Subgroup analysis showed that there was no significant difference in pooled HRs for patients administered taxane chemotherapy(docetaxel and cabazitaxel)and androgen-targeting therapy(abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide)or for patients with different chemotherapy *** performance status was identified as a significant prognostic factor in CRPC patients,while Gleason score showed a weak prognostic value for OS based on the available data in our meta-analysis.

关键词： castration-resistant prostate cancer Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status Gleason score meta-analysis overall survival

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非酒精性脂肪性肝病营养干预研究进展

实用肝脏病杂志 2024年第1期27卷 151-154页

作者：蔺宁孔明(综述) 段钟平(审校) 首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院肝病中心四科北京市100069

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)是世界范围内最常见的肝病。由于缺乏有效的针对性治疗药物,通过饮食干预降低体质量和改善代谢是处理NAFLD患者最基本的方法。本文总结了NAFLD相关饮食干预的研究进展,并探讨了作用机制和治疗作用,以便更好地... 详细信息

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)是世界范围内最常见的肝病。由于缺乏有效的针对性治疗药物,通过饮食干预降低体质量和改善代谢是处理NAFLD患者最基本的方法。本文总结了NAFLD相关饮食干预的研究进展,并探讨了作用机制和治疗作用,以便更好地指导临床实践。

关键词：非酒精性脂肪性肝病营养干预饮食

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基于PSD的分离式长导轨直线度测量方法研究

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计量学报 2024年第3期45卷 425-432页

作者：金挺朱进陈挺郭斌沈斌孔明程银宝王瑛辉浙江省计量科学研究院浙江杭州310018 浙江省数字精密测量技术研究重点实验室浙江杭州310018 杭州光尺科技有限公司浙江杭州310018 中国计量大学浙江杭州310018

利用分段拼接测量方法能够将PSD激光准直测量系统测量范围扩大,相较于传统长导轨直线度测量方法,该方法可同时适用于连续型导轨和分离式超长导轨的直线度测量。首先,在(-5~+5) mm测量范围内,通过激光干涉仪分别测得激光准直测量系统的... 详细信息

利用分段拼接测量方法能够将PSD激光准直测量系统测量范围扩大,相较于传统长导轨直线度测量方法,该方法可同时适用于连续型导轨和分离式超长导轨的直线度测量。首先,在(-5~+5) mm测量范围内,通过激光干涉仪分别测得激光准直测量系统的接收靶在水平和竖直方向上的位移,误差均优于±(1μm+1%H)。然后,在40 m范围内与激光准直测量系统的直线度测量精度进行对比,二者水平方向直线度误差相差0.06 mm,竖直方向直线度误差相差0.13 mm。最后,在70 m分离式超长导轨上,测得水平方向直线度为0.50 mm,竖直方向直线度为0.53 mm。该方法可迅速定位和调整直线度误差极值点位置,能够较为有效地解决分离式超长导轨的直线度装配调试问题。

关键词：几何量计量超长导轨直线度拼接方法最小二乘

Risk Assessment and Ecological Effects of Transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Crops on Non-Target Organisms

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第7期53卷 520-538页

作者： Hui-Lin Yu Yun-He Li kong-ming Wu State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of AgriculturalSciences Beijing 100193 China

The application of recombinant DNA technology has resulted in many insect-resistant varieties by genetic engineering （GE）. Crops expressing Cry toxins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） have been planted worldwide, and are an effective tool for pest control. However, one ecological concern regarding the potential effects of insect-resistant GE plants on non-target organisms （NTOs） has been continually debated. In the present study, we briefly summarize the data regarding the development and commercial use of transgenic Bt varieties, elaborate on the procedure and methods for assessing the non-target effects of insect-resistant GE plants, and synthetically analyze the related research results, mostly those published between 2005 and 2010. A mass of laboratory and field studies have shown that the currently available Bt crops have no direct detrimental effects on NTOs due to their narrow spectrum of activity, and Bt crops are increasing the abundance of some beneficial insects and improving the natural control of specific pests. The use of Bt crops, such as Bt maize and Bt cotton, results in significant reductions of insecticide application and clear benefits on the environment and farmer health. Consequently, Bt crops can be a useful component of integrated pest management systems to protect the crop from targeted pests.

关键词： Bt crops non-target organisms risk assessment IPM.

Compensation Control and Parameters Design for High Frequency Resonance Suppression of MMC-HVDC System

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2021年第6期7卷 1161-1175页

作者： Yunfeng Li Hui Pang ming kong Jingjing Lu Ke Ji Guangfu Tang the School of Electrical&Information Engineering in Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114China Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute and also with the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Transmission Technology Beijing 102209China

Large time delay is one of the inherent features of a modular multilevel converter(MMC)-based high voltage direct current(HVDC)system and is the main factor leading to the unfavorable’negative resistance and inductance’characteristic of MMC *** indicates that this characteristic interacting with the capacitive characteristics of an AC system is the cause of high frequency resonance(HFR)in the Yu-E HVDC *** the current controller is one of the main factors that affects the MMC impedance,a compensation control to imitate the paralleled impedance at the point of common coupling(PCC)is ***,the structure and parameter design of the compensation controller are core to realizing HFR *** are two potentially risky frequency ranges of HFRs(around 700 Hz and 1.8 kHz)in the studied AC system within 2.0 *** core concept of HFR suppression is to make the phase angle of MMC impedance smaller than 90◦in the two risky frequency ranges according to impedance stability ***,the design parameters aim to coordinate the phase angle of MMC impedance in the two risky frequency *** this paper,three types of compensation controller are studied to suppress HFRs,namely,first-order low pass filter(LPF),second-order LPF,and third-order band pass *** results of parameter design show that the first-order LPF cannot suppress both HFRs *** second-order LPF can suppress both HFRs,however,it introduces a DC component into the current control ***,a high pass filter is added to form the recommended third-order *** parameter ranges of the compensation controller are derived using analytical ***,the correctness of the parameter design is proofed using time-domain simulations.

关键词： Compensation control high frequency resonance high voltage direct current impedance model modular multilevel converter parameter design time delay

Reverse immune suppressive microenvironment in tumor draining lymph nodes to enhance anti-PD1 immunotherapy via nanovaccine complexed microneedle

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Nano Research 2020年第6期13卷 1509-1518页

作者： Zhongzheng Zhou Jianhui Pang Xuanjin Wu Wei Wu Xiguang Chen ming kong College of Marine Life Science Ocean University of China5 Yushan RoadQingdao266003China Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Wenhai RoadQingdao266237China

The maturation of dendritic cells(DCs)and infiltration effector T cells in tumor-draining lymph node(tdLN)and tumor tissue are crucial for *** constructive progresses have been made with anti-programmed death-1(anti-PD1)checkpoint blockade for immunotherapy,the efficacy of PD1/PD-L1 therapy deserves to be ***,we constructed a novel transfersomes based nanovaccine complexed microneedles to enhance anti-PD1 immunotherapy via transdermal immunization for skin tumor *** were functionalized with DCs targeting moietyαCD40,co-encapsulated with antigens and adjuvant poly I:***,transdermal administration promoted accumulation in tumor-draining lymph nodes(tdLN),which could facilitate cellular uptake,activate DCs maturation and enhance Th1 immune *** a mouse melanoma model,combined therapy of such nanovaccine complexed microneedles with pembrolizumab(αPD1)was able to enhance cytotoxic T lymphocytes activation,promote infiltration and reduce regulatory T cells frequency in tdLN and tumor tissues,which achieved reversion of the immunosuppressive microenvironment into immune *** study highlighted the potential of transfersomes based nanovaccines complexed microneedles as an attractive platform for tumor immunotherapy.

关键词： transfersomes microneedles immunosuppressive microenvironment tumor draining lymph node αPD1

瞬时弹性成像技术和无创诊断模型诊断原发性胆汁性胆管炎患者肝纤维化效能研究

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实用肝脏病杂志 2024年第5期27卷 725-728页

作者：任艳孔明徐曼曼白丽陈煜首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院肝病中心四科北京市100069

目的研究瞬时弹性成像技术(TE)和常用的无创诊断模型诊断原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)患者组织学分期的效能。方法2019年1月~2023年8月首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院就诊的PBC患者117例,均接受肝活检、肝脏硬度检测(LSM)和常规实验室检查,... 详细信息

目的研究瞬时弹性成像技术(TE)和常用的无创诊断模型诊断原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)患者组织学分期的效能。方法2019年1月~2023年8月首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院就诊的PBC患者117例,均接受肝活检、肝脏硬度检测(LSM)和常规实验室检查,计算天冬氨酸氨基转移酶/血小板比值(APRI)、基于4因子的肝纤维化指数(FIB-4)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶/血小板比值(GPR)、Sheth指数、King’s评分、哥德堡大学肝硬化指数(GUCI)评分、白蛋白-胆红素(ALBI)评分和总胆汁酸-红细胞体积分布宽度(TR)评分。应用ROC曲线分析判断各指标的诊断效能。结果在117例PBC患者中,病理学诊断I期17例,II期59例、III期34例和IV期7例;APRI诊断PBC II期以上的AUC最大,为0.875(0.776~0.974),其敏感性为75.8%,特异性为87.5%,阳性预测值为76.5%和阴性预测值为87.0%,其次是GUCI评分,其AUC=0.871(0.766~0.976),其效能分别为88.7%、75.0%、65.6%和92.4%。结论APRI是一种简便、廉价的非侵入性预测指标,用于判断II以上PBC患者有良好的诊断效能,值得临床扩大验证。

关键词：原发性胆汁性胆管炎无创诊断模型瞬时弹性成像肝纤维化诊断

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