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Anomaly Detection in Imbalanced Encrypted Traffic with Few Packet Metadata-Based Feature Extraction

Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2024年第10期141卷 585-607页

作者： min-Gyu kim Hwankuk kim Department of Financial Information security Kookmin UniversitySeoul02707Republic of Korea Department of Information security Cryptography Mathematics Kookmin UniversitySeoul02707Republic of Korea

In the IoT(Internet of Things)domain,the increased use of encryption protocols such as ssL/TLs,VPN(Virtual Private Network),and Tor has led to a rise in attacks leveraging encrypted *** research on anomaly detection using AI(Artificial Intelligence)is actively progressing,the encrypted nature of the data poses challenges for labeling,resulting in data imbalance and biased feature extraction toward specific *** study proposes a reconstruction error-based anomaly detection method using an autoencoder(AE)that utilizes packet metadata excluding specific node *** proposed method omits biased packet metadata such as IP and Port and trains the detection model using only normal data,leveraging a small amount of packet *** makes it well-suited for direct application in IoT environments due to its low resource *** experiments comparing feature extraction methods for AE-based anomaly detection,we found that using flowbased features significantly improves accuracy,precision,F1 score,and AUC(Area Under the Receiver operating Characteristic Curve)score compared to packet-based ***,for flow-based features,the proposed method showed a 30.17%increase in F1 score and improved false positive rates compared to Isolation Forest and ***,the proposedmethod demonstrated a 32.43%higherAUCwhen using packet features and a 111.39%higher AUC when using flow features,compared to previously proposed oversampling *** study highlights the impact of feature extraction methods on attack detection in imbalanced,encrypted traffic environments and emphasizes that the one-class method using AE is more effective for attack detection and reducing false positives compared to traditional oversampling methods.

关键词： one-class anomaly detection feature extraction auto-encoder encrypted traffic CICIoT2023

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Weighted Forwarding in Graph Convolution Networks for Recommendation Information systems

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 1897-1914页

作者： sang-min Lee Namgi kim Department of Computer science Kyonggi UniversitySuwonKorea

Recommendation Information systems(RIs)are pivotal in helping users in swiftly locating desired content from the vast amount of information available on the *** Convolution Network(GCN)algorithms have been employed to implement the RIs ***,the GCN algorithm faces limitations in terms of performance enhancement owing to the due to the embedding value-vanishing problem that occurs during the learning *** address this issue,we propose a Weighted Forwarding method using the GCN(WF-GCN)*** proposed method involves multiplying the embedding results with different weights for each hop layer during graph *** applying the WF-GCN algorithm,which adjusts weights for each hop layer before forwarding to the next,nodes with many neighbors achieve higher embedding *** approach facilitates the learning of more hop layers within the GCN *** efficacy of the WF-GCN was demonstrated through its application to various *** the MovieLens dataset,the implementation of WF-GCN in LightGCN resulted in significant performance improvements,with recall and NDCG increasing by up to+163.64%and+132.04%,***,in the *** dataset,LightGCN using WF-GCN enhanced with WF-GCN showed substantial improvements,with the recall and NDCG metrics rising by up to+174.40%and+169.95%,***,the application of WF-GCN to self-supervised Graph Learning(sGL)and simple Graph Contrastive Learning(simGCL)also demonstrated notable enhancements in both recall and NDCG across these datasets.

关键词： Deep learning graph neural network graph convolution network graph convolution network model learning method recommender information systems

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Intelligent structured nanocomposite adhesive for bioelectronics and soft robots

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 534-549页

作者： Yeon soo Lee min-seok kim Da Wan kim Changhyun Pang school of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)Suwon 16419Republic of Korea Mechanical Metrology Group Korea Research Institute of Standards and ScienceDaejeon 34113Republic of Korea Department of Electronic Engineering Korea National University of TransportationChungbuk 27469Republic of Korea samsung Advanced Institute for Health sciences and Technology Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)Suwon 16419Republic of Korea

The remarkable functionality of biological systems in detecting and adapting to various environmental conditions has inspired the design of the latest electronics and robots with advanced *** review focuses on intelligent bio-inspired strategies for developing soft bioelectronics and robotics that can accommodate nanocomposite adhesives and integrate them into biological *** underlying principles of the material and structural design of nanocomposite adhesives were investigated for practical applications with excellent functionalities,such as soft skin-attachable health care sensors,highly stretchable adhesive electrodes,switchable adhesion,and untethered soft *** addition,we have discussed recent progress in the development of effective fabrication methods for micro/nanostructures for integration into devices,presenting the current challenges and prospects.

关键词： biomimetics bio-adhesive switchable adhesion bioelectronics nanocomposite soft robotics

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soleus arthrogenic muscle inhibition following acute lateral ankle sprain correlates with symptoms and ankle disability but not with postural control

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Journal of sport and Health science 2024年第4期13卷 559-568,F0003页

作者： Kyung-min kim Joo-sung kim Alan R.Needle Department of sport science Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon-si 16419Republic of Korea Department of Health and Human Performance Texas State UniversitySan MarcosTX 78666USA Department of Public Health&Exercise science Appalachian State UniversityBooneNC 28608USA Department of Rehabilitation science Appalachian State UniversityBooneNC 28608USA

Background:Acute lateral ankle sprains(ALAs)are associated with long-term impairments and instability tied to altered neural *** muscle inhibition(AMI)has been observed in this population;however,relationships with injury-related impairments are unclear,potentially due to the resting,prone position in which AMI is typically *** AMI during bipedal stance may provide a better understanding of this ***:AMI was assessed in 38 young adults(19 ALAs within 72 h of injury:10 males,21.4±2.7 years;19 healthy controls:10 males,21.9±2.2 years;mean±sD)using the Hoffmann reflex(H-reflex)during bipedal *** stimulation was administered to identify the _(max)imal H-reflex(H_(max))and _(max)imal motor response(M_(max))from the soleus,fibularis longus,and tibialis anterior *** primary outcome measure was the H_(max)/M_(max) *** outcomes included acute symptoms(pain and swelling),postural control during bipedal stance,and self-reported ***:No significant group-by-limb interactions were observed for any ***,a significant group main effect was observed in the soleus muscle(F(1,35)=6.82,p=0.013),indicating significantly lower H_(max)/M_(max) ratios following ALAs(0.38±0.20)compared to healthy controls(0.53±0.16).Furthermore,lower H_(max)/M_(max) ratios in the soleus significantly correlated with acute symptoms and self-reported function but not with postural ***:This study supports previous evidence of AMI in patients with ALAs,providing insight into neurophysiologic impacts of musculoskeletal *** results suggest that assessing AMI in a standing position following acute injury may provide valuable insight into how AMI develops and guide potential therapeutic options to curb and offset the formation of joint instability.

关键词： Acute injuries Balance Hoffmann reflex Neural excitability Patient-reported outcomes

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Construction of a High‑Performance Composite solid Electrolyte Through In‑situ Polymerization within a self‑supported Porous Garnet Framework

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第5期16卷 56-70页

作者： An‑Giang Nguyen min‑Ho Lee Jaekook kim Chan‑Jin Park Department of Materials science and Engineering Chonnam National University77 Yongbong‑roBuk‑guGwangju 61186South Korea

Composite solid electrolytes(CsEs)have emerged as promising candidates for safe and high-energy–density solid-state lithium metal batteries(ssLMBs).However,concurrently achieving exceptional ionic conductivity and interface compatibility between the electrolyte and electrode presents a significant challenge in the development of high-performance CsEs for *** overcome these challenges,we present a method involving the in-situ polymerization of a monomer within a self-supported porous Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)o_(12)(LLZT)to produce the *** synergy of the continuous conductive LLZT network,well-organized polymer,and their interface can enhance the ionic conductivity of the CsE at room ***,the in-situ polymerization process can also con-struct the integration and compatibility of the solid electrolyte–solid electrode *** synthesized CsE exhibited a high ionic conductivity of 1.117 ms cm^(-1),a significant lithium transference number of 0.627,and exhibited electrochemical stability up to 5.06 V ***/Li+at 30℃.Moreover,the Li|CsE|LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)o_(2) cell delivered a discharge capacity of 105.1 mAh g^(-1) after 400 cycles at 0.5 C and 30℃,corresponding to a capacity retention of 61%.This methodology could be extended to a variety of ceramic,polymer electrolytes,or battery systems,thereby offering a viable strategy to improve the electrochemical properties of CsEs for high-energy–density ssLMBs.

关键词： scalable tape-casting method self-supported porous Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)o_(12) Composite solid electrolyte LiF-and B-rich interphase layers

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Driving inward growth of lithium metal in hollow microcapsule hosts by heteroatom‐controlled nucleation

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Carbon Energy 2024年第8期6卷 262-272页

作者： siwon kim Hong Rim shin Ki Jae kim min‐sik Park Jong‐Won Lee Division of Materials science and Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Energy science and Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)DaeguRepublic of Korea Department of Energy science Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonRepublic of Korea Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics Integrated Education for Frontier Science and Technology(BK21 Four)Kyung Hee UniversityYonginRepublic of Korea

The application of Li metal anodes in rechargeable batteries is impeded by safety issues arising from the severe volume changes and formation of dendritic Li ***‐dimensional hollow carbon is receiving increasing attention as a host material capable of accommodating Li metal inside its cavity;however,uncontrollable and nonuniform deposition of Li remains a *** this study,we synthesize metal–organic framework‐derived carbon microcapsules with heteroatom clusters(Zn and Ag)on the capsule walls and it is demonstrated that Ag‐assisted nucleation of Li metal alters the outward‐to‐inward growth in the microcapsule ***‐incorporated microcapsules are prepared via chemical etching of zeolitic imidazole framework‐8 polyhedra and are subsequently decorated with Ag by a galvanic displacement reaction between Ag^(+)and metallic *** introduced Ag significantly reduces the energy barrier and increases the reaction rate for Li nucleation in the microcapsule host upon Li *** combined electrochemical,microstructural,and computational studies,we verify the beneficial role of Ag‐assisted Li nucleation in facilitating inward growth inside the cavity of the microcapsule host and,in turn,enhancing electrochemical *** study provides new insights into the design of reversible host materials for practical Li metal batteries.

关键词： hollow carbon hosts lithium metal batteries lithium plating metal-organic frameworks nucleation

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Vacuum-free lamination via controlled polymer adhesion for selective photogeneration and photodetection

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Carbon Energy 2024年第7期6卷 205-218页

作者： min s.o.kim Jihyun Lim Woongsik Jang Dong Hwan Wang Department of Intelligent semiconductor Engineering Chung-Ang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea school of Integrative Engineering Chung-Ang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea

This study attempts to develop a reproducible thin-film formation technique called vacuum-free(VF)lamination,which transfers thin films using elastomeric polymer-based laminating ***,by controlling the interface characteristics of the mediator based on the work of adhesion,VF lamination is successfully performed for various thicknesses(from 20 to 240 nm)of a conjugated photoactive material composed of poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl-3-fluoro)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-bʹ]dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1ʹ,3ʹ-di-2-thienyl-5ʹ,7ʹ-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1ʹ,2ʹ-c:4ʹ,5ʹ-cʹ]dithiophene-4,8-dione)](a polymer donor)and 2,2ʹ-((2Z,2ʹZ)-((12,13-bis(2-butyloctyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[2ʹʹ,3ʹʹ:4ʹ,5ʹ]thieno[2ʹ,3ʹ:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-g]thieno[2ʹ,3ʹ:4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile(a nonfullerene acceptor).Interestingly,the organic photovoltaic and photodetecting applications,prepared by the VF lamination process,showed superior performance compared to those of devices prepared by conventional *** is due to the overturned surface morphology,which led to enhanced charge transport ability and blocking of the externally injected ***,the reproducible VF lamination process,exploiting an adhesion-based elastomeric polymer mediator,is a promising thin-film formation technique for developing efficient next-generation organic optoelectronic materials consistent with the solution process.

关键词： conjugated nonfullerene acceptor photodetectors photovoltaics polymer vacuum-free lamination

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Programmable directional color dynamics using plasmonics

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 325-334页

作者： Gyurin kim Doeun kim soeun Ko Jang-Hwan Han Juhwan kim Joo Hwan Ko Young min song Hyeon-Ho Jeong school of Electrical Engineering and Computer science Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju 61005Republic of Korea Department of semiconductor Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju 61005Republic of Korea Artificial Intelligence(AI)Graduate school Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju 61005Republic of Korea

Adaptive multicolor filters have emerged as key components for ensuring color accuracy and resolution in outdoor visual ***,the current state of this technology is still in its infancy and largely reliant on liquid crystal devices that require high voltage and bulky structural ***,we present a multicolor nanofilter consisting of multilayered‘active’plasmonic nanocomposites,wherein metallic nanoparticles are embedded within a conductive polymer *** nanocomposites are fabricated with a total thickness below 100 nm using a‘lithography-free’method at the wafer level,and they inherently exhibit three prominent optical modes,accompanying scattering phenomena that produce distinct dichroic reflection and transmission ***,a pivotal achievement is that all these colors are electrically manipulated with an applied external voltage of less than 1 V with 3.5 s of switching speed,encompassing the entire visible ***,this electrically programmable multicolor function enables the effective and dynamic modulation of the color temperature of white light across the warm-to-cool spectrum(3250 K-6250 K).This transformative capability is exceptionally valuable for enhancing the performance of outdoor optical devices that are independent of factors such as the sun’s elevation and prevailing weather conditions.

关键词： directional prevailing exceptional

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Anomaly Detection Using Data Rate of Change on Medical Data

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Computers, Materials and Continua 2024年第3期80卷 3903-3916页

作者： Rim, Kwang-Cheol Yoon, Young-min kim, sung-Uk kim, Jeong-In AI Convergence Research Institute Chosun University Gwangju 61452 Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program of Architectural studies Chonnam University Gwangju 61186 Korea Republic of AINTCHAIN soFT Co. Ltd. Mokpo-si 58750 Korea Republic of BK21 Human Resources Development Project Group Chosun University Gwangju 61452 Korea Republic of

The identification and mitigation of anomaly data, characterized by deviations from normal patterns or singularities, stand as critical endeavors in modern technological landscapes, spanning domains such as Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), cyber-security, and the burgeoning metaverse. This paper presents a novel proposal aimed at refining anomaly detection methodologies, with a particular focus on continuous data streams. The essence of the proposed approach lies in analyzing the rate of change within such data streams, leveraging this dynamic aspect to discern anomalies with heightened precision and efficacy. Through empirical evaluation, our method demonstrates a marked improvement over existing techniques, showcasing more nuanced and sophisticated result values. Moreover, we envision a trajectory of continuous research and development, wherein iterative refinement and supplementation will tailor our approach to various anomaly detection scenarios, ensuring adaptability and robustness in real-world applications. © 2024 Tech science Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Data streams

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Tetradentate Pt(Ⅱ)complex as a singlet exciton sensitizing host for highly efficient green fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes

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science China Materials 2024年第8期67卷 2618-2627页

作者： Unhyeok Jo seung Chan kim Chan Hee Ryu Kang Mun Lee Jae-min kim Jun Yeob Lee school of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwon-siGyeonggi-do 16419Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion TechnologyKangwon National UniversityChuncheonGangwon 24341Republic of Korea Department of Advanced Materials Engineering Chung-Ang University4726Seodong-daeroDaedeok-myeonAnseong-siGyeonggi-do 17546Republic of Korea sKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology Sungkyunkwan University2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwonGyeonggi 16419Republic of Korea sKKU Institute of Energy science and Technology Sungkyunkwan University2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwonGyeonggi 16419Republic of Korea

Efficient green fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes were designed with a phosphorescent metal complex as a singlet exciton sensitizing host(sEsH)for achieving high efficiency and low efficiency roll-off through exciton and polaron *** Pt(Ⅱ)complex(Pt-Trz)possessing a tetradentate ligand with a bulky blocking group not only suppresses the severe formation of excimer or dimer itself but also transfers radiative excitons to fluorescent dopant *** sEsH assisted fluorescence(sEsHF)device with Pt-Trz as the host exhibits the maximum external quantum efficiency of 13.3%and a lower efficiency roll-off compared with exciplex host device which is a general approach for harvesting triplet *** exciton dynamics modeling unravels that the sEsHF device effectively utilizes triplet excitons in the host by intersystem crossing and resonance energy transfer from the triplet state of the host to the singlet state of the terminal *** quenching rates of the sEsHF device are reduced by 11 times for triplet-triplet annihilation and 1.8 times for tripletpolaron annihilation compared with the exciplex device,which demonstrates that Pt-Trz could be a platform to be used as an efficient host for fluorophores.

关键词： singlet annihilation polaron

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