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Spatiotemporal changes of gross primary productivity and its response to drought in the Mongolian Plateau under climate change

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第1期16卷 46-70页

作者： ZHAO Xuqin LUO min MENG Fanhao SA Chula bao Shanhu bao Yuhai College of Geographical Science Inner Mongolia Normal UniversityHohhot 010022China Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems Hohhot 010022China

Gross primary productivity(GPP)of vegetation is an important constituent of the terrestrial carbon sinks and is significantly influenced by drought.Understanding the impact of droughts on different types of vegetation GPP provides insight into the spatiotemporal variation of terrestrial carbon sinks,aiding efforts to mitigate the detrimental effects of climate change.In this study,we utilized the precipitation and temperature data from the Climatic Research Unit,the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI),the standardized precipitation index(SPI),and the simulated vegetation GPP using the eddy covariance-light use efficiency(EC-LUE)model to analyze the spatiotemporal change of GPP and its response to different drought indices in the Mongolian Plateau during 1982-2018.The main findings indicated that vegetation GPP decreased in 50.53% of the plateau,mainly in its northern and northeastern parts,while it increased in the remaining 49.47%area.Specifically,meadow steppe(78.92%)and deciduous forest(79.46%)witnessed a significant decrease in vegetation GPP,while alpine steppe(75.08%),cropland(76.27%),and sandy vegetation(87.88%)recovered well.Warming aridification areas accounted for 71.39% of the affected areas,while 28.53% of the areas underwent severe aridification,mainly located in the south and central regions.Notably,the warming aridification areas of desert steppe(92.68%)and sandy vegetation(90.24%)were significant.Climate warming was found to amplify the sensitivity of coniferous forest,deciduous forest,meadow steppe,and alpine steppe GPP to drought.Additionally,the drought sensitivity of vegetation GPP in the Mongolian Plateau gradually decreased as altitude increased.The cumulative effect of drought on vegetation GPP persisted for 3.00-8.00 months.The findings of this study will improve the understanding of how drought influences vegetation in arid and semi-arid areas.

关键词： gross primary productivity(GPP) climate change warming aridification areas drought sensitivity cumulative effect duration(CED) Mongolian Plateau

Fight or flee,a vital choice for Clostridioides difficile

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mLife 2024年第1期3卷 14-20页

作者： Ji Zeng Sshuying Fang Jinquan Guo min Dong Guo-bao Tian Liang Tao School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina Department of Brest Surgery Panyu Central Hospital.GuangzhouChina Department of Microbiology Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Urology Boston Children's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Microbiology Zhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Advanced Medical Technology Center The First Affiliated HospitalZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control(Sun Yat-sen University) Ministry of EducationGuangzhouChina School of Medicine Xizang Minzu UniversityXianyangChina Center for Infectious Disease Research Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina Research Center for Industries of the Future School of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhouChina

Clostridioides difficile is a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections,causing billions of economic losses every year.Its symptoms range from mild diarrhea to life-threatening damage to the colon.Transmission and recurrence of c.difficile infection(CDl)are mediated by the metabolically dormant spores,while the virulence of C.difficile is mainly due to the two large clostridial toxins,TcdA and TcdB.Producing toxins or forming spores are two different strategies for C.difficile to cope with harsh environmental conditions.It is of great significance to understand the molecular mechanisms for C.difficile to skew to either of the cellular processes.Here,we summarize the current understanding of the regulation and connections between toxin production and sporulation in C.difficile and further discuss the potential solutions for yet-to-be-answered questions.

关键词： C.difficile sporulation TcdA TcdB toxin production

Multi-omics analyses provide insights into the evolutionary history and the synthesis of medicinal components of the Chinese wingnut

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Plant Diversity 2024年第3期46卷 309-320页

作者： Zi-Yan Zhang He-Xiao Xia Meng-Jie Yuan Feng Gao Wen-Hua bao Lan Jin min Li Yong Li College of Life Science and Technology Inner Mongolia Normal UniversityHohhot 010020China Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Mongolian Plateau for College and University of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hohhot 010022China College of Landscape and Art Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450002China State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China

Chinese wingnut(Pterocarya stenoptera)is a medicinally and economically important tree species within the family Juglandaceae.However,the lack of high-quality reference genome has hindered its in-depth research.In this study,we successfully assembled its chromosome-level genome and performed multiomics analyses to address its evolutionary history and synthesis of medicinal components.A thorough examination of genomes has uncovered a significant expansion in the Lateral Organ Boundaries Domain gene family among the winged group in Juglandaceae.This notable increase may be attributed to their frequent exposure to flood-prone environments.After further differentiation between Chinese wingnut and Cyclocarya paliurus,significant positive selection occurred on the genes of NADH dehydrogenase related to mitochondrial aerobic respiration in Chinese wingnut,enhancing its ability to cope with waterlogging stress.Comparative genomic analysis revealed Chinese wingnut evolved more unique genes related to arginine synthesis,potentially endowing it with a higher capacity to purify nutrient-rich water bodies.Expansion of terpene synthase families enables the production of increased quantities of terpenoid volatiles,potentially serving as an evolved defense mechanism against herbivorous insects.Through combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis,we identified the candidate genes involved in the synthesis of terpenoid volatiles.Our study offers essential genetic resources for Chinese wingnut,unveiling its evolutionary history and identifying key genes linked to the production of terpenoid volatiles.

关键词： Genome Medicinal components Metabolome Pterocarya stenoptera Transcriptome

Amlodipine inhibits the proliferation and migration of esophageal carcinoma cells through the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第4期30卷 367-380页

作者： Yan-min Chen Wen-Qian Yang Cheng-Wei Gu Ying-Ying Fan Yu-Zhen Liu bao-Sheng Zhao Department of Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityWeihui 453100Henan ProvinceChina Department of Oncology The Affiliated HospitalHenan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000Henan ProvinceChina Life Science Research Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityWeihui 453100Henan ProvinceChina Department of Gastroenterology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityWeihui 453100Henan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND L-type calcium channels are the only protein channels sensitive to calcium channel blockers,and are expressed in various cancer types.The Cancer Genome Atlas database shows that the mRNA levels of multiple L-type calcium channel subunits in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tumor tissue are significantly higher than those in normal esophageal epithelial tissue.Therefore,we hypothesized that amlodipine,a long-acting dihydropyridine L-type calcium channel blocker,may inhibit the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer(EC).AIM To investigate the inhibitory effects of amlodipine on EC through endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress.METHODS Cav1.3 protein expression levels in 50 pairs of EC tissues and corresponding paracancerous tissues were examined.Subsequently,the inhibitory effects of amlodipine on proliferation and migration of EC cells in vitro were detected using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide and Transwell assays.In vivo experiments were performed using murine xenograft model.To elucidate the underlying mechanisms,in vitro cell studies were performed to confirm that ER stress plays a role in inhibition proliferation and migration of EC cells treated with amlodipine.RESULTS The expression level of Cav1.3 in esophageal carcinoma was 1.6 times higher than that in paracancerous tissues.Amlodipine treatment decreased the viability of esophageal carcinoma cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner.In vivo animal experiments also clearly indicated that amlodipine inhibited the growth of EC tumors in mice.Additionally,amlodipine reduces the migration of tumor cells by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT).Mechanistic studies have demonstrated that amlodipine induces ER stress-mediated apoptosis and suppresses EMT.Moreover,amlodipine-induced autophagy was characterized by an increase in autophagy lysosomes and the accumulation of light chain 3B protein.The combination of amlodipine with the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid further confirmed the role of

关键词： L-type calcium channel Amlodipine Esophageal cancer Autophagy Endoplasmic reticulum stress

Brightening heavily doped upconversion nanoparticles by tuning characteristics of core-shell structures

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第5期42卷 947-954,I0005页

作者： Yangyang Niu Zhihao bao Yuqin Gao Mengchao Guo Jingyao Liu Jinjun Shao min Lu Ze Yuan Xiaoji Xie School of Flexible Electronics(Future Technologies)&Institute of Advanced Materials(IAM) Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China

Heavily doped upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)potentially have exceptional photon upconversion abilities that are promising for diverse applications,such as lasing and super-resolution microscopy.However,heavily doped UCNPs typically can only offer mediocre upconversion luminescence intensity,and there still lacks general guidelines for the design and synthesis of heavily doped UCNPs.Herein,in order to boost the upconversion luminescence of heavily doped UCNPs,we studied the influence of characteristics of the core-shell structure on heavily doped UCNPs'upconversion luminescence.We find that some empirical guidelines derived from conventional UCNPs are not suitable for heavily doped UCNPs.Using NaYbF_(4):Tm@NaYF_(4) core-shell UCNPs with a high concentration of Yb_(3+)as a representative,our studies reveal that a rather thick inert NaYF4 shell is needed to protect the UCNPs from surface quenching,and the upconversion luminescence may undergo the cooperative sensitization process,which should be due to the highly concentrated Yb~(3+)dopant.In addition,the upconversion luminescence of heavily doped NaYbF4:Tm UCNPs exhibits no obvious dependence on the type of inert shell.Furthermore,our results show that confining both Yb~(3+)and Tm~(3+)dopants in a thin layer(known as theδ-doping strategy)does not work well in the heavily doped UCNPs.Accordingly,we propose a NaYbF_(4):Tm@NaYbF_(4)@NaYF_(4) core-shell-shell structure to enhance the luminescence of heavily doped UCNPs,by weakening the dissipation of excitation energy and strengthening the absorption.These findings should be helpful to establish general design principles for developing the brightest possible UCNPs that can meet the requirements of various applications.

关键词： Luminescence Upconversion Nanomaterials Rare earths Lanthanide doping

Novel MIP gene mutation causes autosomal-dominant congenital cataract

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第3期17卷 454-465页

作者： Jing-Lan Ni Hua-ming Wen Xiao-Sheng Huang Qian-Wen Li Jia-min Cai bao-Jian Fan Jun Zhao The Second Clinical Medical College Jinan UniversityShenzhen 518020Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology Dongguan Chang’an HospitalDongguan 523843Guangdong ProvinceChina Shenzhen Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University Shenzhen Eye InstituteShenzhen 518040Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Oral&Maxillofacial Surgery Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518040Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Neurosurgery Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBoston 02114MassachusettsUSA Department of Ophthalmology Shenzhen People’s Hospital(the Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan Universitythe First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and Technology)Shenzhen 518020Guangdong ProvinceChina

●AIM:To identify disease-causative mutations in families with congenital cataract.●METHODS:Two Chinese families with autosomaldominant congenital cataract(ADCC)were recruited and underwent comprehensive eye examinations.Gene panel next-generation sequencing of common pathogenic genes of congenital cataract was performed in the proband of each family.Sanger sequencing was used to valid the candidate gene mutations and sequence the other family members for co-segregation analysis.The effect of sequence changes on protein structure and function was predicted through bioinformatics analysis.Major intrinsic protein(MIP)-wildtype and MIP-G29R plasmids were constructed and microinjected into zebrafish single-cell stage embryos.Zebrafish embryonic lens phenotypes were screened using confocal microscopy.●RESULTS:A novel heterozygous mutation(c.85G>A;p.G29R)in the MIP gene was identified in the proband of one family.A known heterozygous mutation(c.97C>T;p.R33C;rs864309693)in MIP was found in the proband of another family.In-silico prediction indicated that the novel mutation might affect the MIP protein function.Zebrafish embryonic lens was uniformly transparent in both wild-type PCS2+MIP and mutant PCS2+MIP.●CONCLUSION:Two missense mutations in the MIP gene in Chinese cataract families are identified,and one of which is novel.These findings expand the genetic spectrum of MIP mutations associated with cataracts.The functional studies suggest that the novel MIP mutation might not be a gain-of-function but a loss-of-function mutation.

关键词： congenital cataract major intrinsic protein missense mutation zebrafish model

Effectiveness and tolerability of programmed cell death protein-1 inhibitor+chemotherapy compared to chemotherapy for upper gastrointestinal tract cancers

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1613-1625页

作者： Xiao-min Zhang Ting Yang Ying-Ying Xu bao-Zhong Li Wei Shen Wen-Qing Hu Cai-Wen Yan Liang Zong Department of Central Laboratory Changzhi People’s HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Changzhi Medical CollegeChangzhi 046000Shanxi ProvinceChina Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Yizheng People’s HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225000Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of General Surgery Anyang Tumor HospitalAnyang 455000Henan ProvinceChina Department of General Surgery Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxi 214023Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Changzhi People’s HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Changzhi Medical CollegeChangzhi 046000Shanxi ProvinceChina Department of Gastroenterology Changzhi People’s HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Changzhi Medical CollegeChangzhi 046000Shanxi ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The combination of programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1)inhibitor and che-motherapy is approved as a standard first-or second-line treatment in patients with advanced oesophageal or gastric cancer.However,it is unclear whether this combination is superior to chemotherapy alone.AIM To assess the comparative effectiveness and tolerability of combining PD-1 inhibitors with chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone in patients with advanced gastric cancer,gastroesophageal junction(GEJ)cancer,or oesophageal carcinoma.METHODS We searched the PubMed and Embase databases for studies that compared the efficacy and tolerance of PD-1 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone in patients with advanced oesophageal or gastric cancer.We employed either random or fixed models to analyze the outcomes of each clinical trial,en-compassing data on overall survival(OS),progression-free survival(PFS),objective response rate,and adverse events(AEs).RESULTS Nine phase 3 clinical trials(7016 advanced oesophageal and gastric cancer patients)met the inclusion criteria.Our meta-analysis demonstrated that the pooled PD-1 inhibitor+chemotherapy group had a significantly longer OS than the chemotherapy-alone group[hazard ratio(HR)=0.76,95%confidence interval(CI):0.71-0.81];the pooled PFS result was consistent with that of OS(HR=0.67,95%CI:0.61-0.74).The count of patients achieving an objective response in the PD-1 inhibitor+chemotherapy group surpassed that of the chemotherapy-alone group[odds ratio(OR)=1.86,95%CI:1.59-2.18].AE incidence was also higher in the combination-therapy group than in the chemotherapy-alone group,regardless of whether≥grade 3 only(OR=1.30,95%CI:1.07-1.57)or all AE grades(OR=1.88,95%CI:1.39-2.54)were examined.We performed a subgroup analysis based on the programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)combined positive score(CPS)and noted extended OS and PFS durations within the CPS≥1,CPS≥5,and CPS≥10 subgroups of the PD-1 inhibitor+chemotherapy group.CONCLUSION In contrast to chemotherapy alone,the combina

关键词： Programmed cell death protein-1 inhibitor Chemotherapy Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma Gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma Overall survival Progression-free survival Objective response rate Adverse event

Ovarian function in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus:Pathogenesis,drug application and prospective therapies

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2024年第2期14卷 29-34页

作者： min Xu Li-Li Tian Xiao-Liu Li Cheng bao Hai-Wei Zhang Hong-Wei Chen Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalClinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210008Jiangsu ProvinceChina School of Life Science Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalNanjing 210008Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Nanjing Pukou People’s HospitalNanjing 211800Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of School of MedicineNanjing UniversityNanjing 210008Jiangsu ProvinceChina

Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is a chronic autoimmune disease in which multiple organs are damaged that prevails in fertile women.Currently,glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants are widely used to treat SLE patients.However,ovarian dysfunction occurs following the use of these drugs in women with SLE.Here,we summarize recent progress in terms of understanding ovarian injury,the effects of drug application and strategies to improve ovarian function in women with SLE.This review could be helpful to precisely cure SLE in women desiring to have offspring.

关键词： Systemic lupus erythematosus Ovarian reserve Ovarian insufficiency Mesenchymal stem cells Fertility Autoimmune disease

The evolution and functional divergence of 10 Apolipoprotein D-like genes in Nilaparvata lugens

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Insect Science 2024年第1期31卷 91-105页

作者： Jia-bao Lu Peng-Peng Ren Qiao Li Fang He Zhong-Tian Xu Sai-Nan Wang Jian-Ping Chen Jun-min Li Chuan-Xi Zhang Citrus Research Institute Southwest University/Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesNational Engineering Research Center for CitrusChongqingChina Technology Center of Wuhan Customs District HubeiChina Institute of Insect Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina

Apolipoprotein D(ApoD),a member of the lipocalin superfamily of proteins,is involved in lipid transport and stress resistance.Whereas only a single copy of the ApoD gene is found in humans and some other vertebrates,there are typically several ApoD-like genes in insects.To date,there have been relatively few studies that have examined the evolution and functional differentiation of ApoD-like genes in insects,particularly hemi-metabolous insects.In this study,we identified 10 ApoD-like genes(NlApoD1−10)with distinct spatiotemporal expression patterns in Nilaparvata lugens(BPH),which is an important pest of rice.NlApoD1−10 were found to be distributed on 3 chromosomes in a tandem array of NlApoD1/2,NlApoD3−5,and NlApoD7/8,and show sequence and gene structural divergence in the coding regions,indicating that multiple gene duplication events occurred during evolution.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that NlApoD1−10 can be clustered into 5 clades,with NlApoD3−5 and NlApoD7/8 potentially evolving exclusively in the Delphacidae family.Functional screening using an RNA interference approach revealed that only NlApoD2 was essential for BPH development and survival,whereas NlApoD4/5 are highly expressed in testes,and might play roles in reproduction.Moreover,stress response analysis revealed that NlApoD3−5/9,NlApoD3−5,and NlApoD9 were up-regulated after treatment with lipopolysaccharide,H2O2,and ultraviolet-C,respectively,indicating their potential roles in stress resistance.

关键词： Apolipoprotein D BPH evolution functional divergence gene duplication NIApoD