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Branch Standards as the Method of Optimizing of Capital Structure

Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2018年第9期14卷 512-520页

作者： milan Hrdy University of Economics in Prague Czech Republic

This article is about the problem of optimizing of the capital structure of the concrete firm and about the possibility to use the passive way of optimizing of this capital structure on the basis of the so-called branch *** standards are defined as some average indebtedness that the firms are trying to *** are a lot of theories available,but the final process of optimizing of the capital structure of the concrete firm is very complicated and it is necessary to cope with a lot of application *** traditional theory,none of the further theories offer some concrete recommended optimal *** that reason,the possibility to optimize the capital structure based on the passive way is represented besides other things by the so-called branch *** aim of this article is to judge if it is possible to identify this average indebtedness in different branches and in different countries and continue in the previous researches of the *** hypothesis was stated that it is possible only in selected branches in selected countries as it was stated also in previous researches of the *** research is realized in the five selected branches,Pharmacy,Furniture Production,Wood(Forest)Production,Water Supply,and Air Transport in the Czech Republic and in the *** for the years 2008-2016 were obtained from the system Albertina Data at the University of Economics in Prague and from web pages of *** Damodaran in the *** were identified so-called branch standards in the Czech Republic for the branch Pharmacy with the indebtedness(45%),Furniture Production with the indebtedness(54%),Water Supply with the indebtedness(30-35%),Wood(Forest)Products with the indebtedness(40%),and Air Transport with the indebtedness(70-75%).There are also identified so-called branch standards in the USA for the branches Pharmacy 34%,Furniture Production 40%and Water Supply 50%–55%.The values were verified by the data for the year 2016 an

关键词： capital structure optimizing branch standards analysis

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An Algorithm for Infinite Horizon Lot Sizing with Deterministic Demand

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Applied Mathematics 2014年第2期5卷 217-225页

作者： milan Horniacek Faculty of Social and Economic Sciences Institute of Public Policy and Economics Comenius University in Bratislava Mlynske luhy 4 Bratislava Slovakia

We analyze an infinite horizon discrete time inventory model with deterministic but non-stationary demand for a single product at a single stage. There is a finite cycle of vectors of characteristics of the environment (demand, fixed ordering cost, variable procurement cost, holding cost) which is repeated after a finite number of periods. Future cost is discounted. In general, minimization of the sum of discounted total cost over the cycle does not give the minimum of the sum of discounted total cost over the infinite horizon. We construct an algorithm for computing of an optimal strategy over the infinite horizon. It is based on a forward in time dynamic programming recursion.

关键词： Natural Asset Financial Value Neural Network

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An Integrated Framework for Road Detection in Dense Urban Area from High-Resolution Satellite Imagery and Lidar Data

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2018年第2期10卷 175-192页

作者： Asghar milan Surveying Department National Cartographic Center Tehran Iran

Automatic road detection, in dense urban areas, is a challenging application in the remote sensing community. This is mainly because of physical and geometrical variations of road pixels, their spectral similarity to other features such as buildings, parking lots and sidewalks, and the obstruction by vehicles and trees. These problems are real obstacles in precise detection and identification of urban roads from high-resolution satellite imagery. One of the promising strategies to deal with this problem is using multi-sensors data to reduce the uncertainties of detection. In this paper, an integrated object-based analysis framework was developed for detecting and extracting various types of urban roads from high-resolution optical images and Lidar data. The proposed method is designed and implemented using a rule-oriented approach based on a masking strategy. The overall accuracy (OA) of the final road map was 89.2%, and the kappa coefficient of agreement was 0.83, which show the efficiency and performance of the method in different conditions and interclass noises. The results also demonstrate the high capability of this object-based method in simultaneous identification of a wide variety of road elements in complex urban areas using both high-resolution satellite images and Lidar data.

关键词： High-Resolution Satellite Images Lidar Data Object-Based Analysis Feature Extraction

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Branch Standards as the Possible Way of Optimizing of Capital Structure of the Concrete Firm

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Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2018年第4期14卷 165-173页

作者： milan Hrdy University of Economics in Prague Prague Czech Republic

This article is about the problem of optimizing of the capital structure of the concrete firm and about the possibility to use the passive way of optimizing of this capital structure on the basis of the so-called Branch standards. Branch standards are defined as some average indebtedness that the firms are trying to follow. There are a lot of theories available, but the final process of optimizing of the capital structure of the concrete firm is very complicated and it is necessary to cope with a lot of application problems. Besides Traditional theory, none of the further theories offer some concrete recommended optimal indebtedness. For that reason, the possibility to optimize the capital structure based on the passive way is represented besides other things by the so-called Branch standards. The aim of this article is to judge if it is possible to identify this average indebtedness in different branches and in different countries. The hypothesis was stated that it is possible only in selected branches in selected countries. The research is realized in the six selected branches： Railroads, Beverages, Steel, Paper Production, Tobacco, and Electrical Equipment in the Czech Republic and in USA. Data for the years 2008-2016 were obtained from the system Albertina Data at the University of Economics in Prague and from the web pages of Prof. Aswath Damodaran in USA. There were identified so-called Branch standards in the Czech Republic for the branches Railroads 45%, Beverages 50%, Tobacco 50%, and Electrical Equipment 40%. There are also identified so-called Branch standards in USA for the branches Railroads 40% and Paper Production 40%-50%. For the branch Paper Production in the Czech Republic and for the branch Beverages in USA were identified ranges of 40%-45% and 40%-50% respectively. The so-called Branch standards were not stated for the branch Steel in both countries and for the branches Tobacco and Electrical Equipment in USA. The values were verified by the d

关键词： capital structure optimizing branch standards analysis

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Philosophy of Mathematics： Naturalism vs. Category Theory

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2013年第10期3卷 929-944页

作者： milan Tasic University of Nis

Although E Maddy （1997） says on naturalism：＂This is not, in itself, a philosophy of mathematics [...]＂（161）, already by its name, or by those whose interest has called on it （Quine, Putnam et al.） ... it anyhow reveals desire to be it. Insofar as otherwise, the semantic potential of the word leaves far behind it （after all scarce） results it achieved from the relation of an exact （mathematical） expression and （overly rich） intuitive reality of Being. We plead here already from the perspective of the slogan ＂One and All＂ of the first philosopher： Tales, when by the number （which one forebodes） one could go to such an extent into areas of reality （Pythagoras）, or when （especially in the human sphere） is being over again actual final cause of Aristotle the philosophy and the mathematics to accomplish far more fruitful encounter with the Being. Alain Badiou （1988） has already pointed that：＂Mathematics is ontology,＂ and the category theory in mathematics, having covered by itself other fields of this science, continues to find applications in a series of＂non-traditional＂ domains of reality. In that correlation the philosophy can express its （primary） needs for truth, justice, beauty, ... as well as for the overall development in the sense of purpose--also because of an undreamed power of the technological development （of hardwares and softwares） today. Namely, the naturalism in mathematics, which developed an abundant reflection on the place （importance of） the mathematical idiom in sciences--in the balance of criticism--has come rather to meager provisions, such as：＂preestablished harmony of thinking,＂＂ontic commitment,＂（Quine 1960）＂the hygiene of mind,＂（Maddy 1996）＂success argument,＂（Putnam 1975）＂pragmatic argument,＂（Resnik 1981） etc., which only are few places from the encounter of an exact expression such as is mathematical one and the reality of natuural sciences. Instead of philosophy of mathematics to radicalize its claims from the perspective of that

关键词： naturalism indispensability argument ontology mathematics category final cause biocosmology

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Maxwell’s Equations as the Basis for Model of Atoms

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2014年第5期2卷 235-251页

作者： milan Perkovac The First Technical School TESLA Klaiceva 7 Zagreb Croatia

A century ago the classical physics couldn’t explain many atomic physical phenomena. Now the situation has changed. It’s because within the framework of classical physics with the help of Maxwell’s equations we can derive Schrödinger’s equation, which is the foundation of quantum physics. The equations for energy, momentum, frequency and wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the atom are derived using the model of atom by analogy with the transmission line. The action constant A0 = (μ0/ε0)1/2s02e2 is a key term in the above mentioned equations. Besides the other well-known constants, the only unknown constant in the last expression is a structural constant of the atom s0. We have found that the value of this constant is 8.277 56 and that it shows up as a link between macroscopic and atomic world. After calculating this constant we get the theory of atoms based on Maxwell’s and Lorentz equations only. This theory does not require knowledge of Planck’s constant h, which is replaced with theoretically derived action constant A0, while the replacement for the fine structure constant α-1 is theoretically derived expression 2s02 = 137.036. So, the structural constant s0 replaces both constants h and α. This paper also defines the stationary states of atoms and shows that the maximal atomic number is equal to Zmax = 137. The presented model of the atoms covers three of the four fundamental interactions, namely the electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions.

关键词： Action Constant Fine Structure Constant Lecher’s Line Maxwell’s Equations New Elements Phase Velocity Planck’s Constant Stability of Atoms Standing Waves Stationary States Synchronized States System of the Elements Structural Coefficient Structural Constant Transmission Line Undiscovered Elements

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Determination of the Structural Constant of the Atom

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2014年第3期2卷 11-21页

作者： milan Perkovac The First Technical School TESLA Zagreb Croatia

The equations for energy, momentum, frequency, wavelength and also Schr?dinger equation of the electromagnetic wave in the atom are derived using the model of atom by analogy with the transmission line. The action constant A0 = (μ0/ε0)1/2s02e2 is a key term in the above mentioned equations. Besides the other well-known quantities, the only one unknown quantity in the last expression is a structural constant s0. Therefore, this article is dedicated to the calculation of the structural constant of the atoms on the basis of the above mentioned model. The structural constant of the atoms s0 = 8.277 56 shows up as a link between macroscopic and atomic world. After calculating this constant we get the theory of atoms based on Maxwell’s and Lorentz equations only. This theory does not require Planck constant h, which once was introduced empirically. Replacement for h is the action constant A0, which is here theoretically derived, while the replacement for fine structure constant α is 1/(2s02). In this way, the structural constant s0 replaces both constants, h and α. This paper also defines the stationary states of atoms and shows that the maximal atomic number is equal to 2s02 = 137.036, i.e., as integer should be Zmax=137. The presented model of the atoms covers three of the four fundamental interactions, namely the electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions.

关键词： Action Constant Fine Structure Constant Lecher’s Line Phase Velocity Planck’s Constant Stability of Atoms Stationary States Structural Coefficient Structural Constant Transmission Line

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Assessment of Risk of TBM Jamming during Construction of Hydro Tunnel in Belgrade

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2012年第11期6卷 1551-1560页

作者： milan Trickovic Institute for water resources "Jaroslav Cerni " Belgrade-Pinosava 11226 Serbia

A hydro tunnel in Serbia＇s capitol Belgrade is currently constructed using EPB TBM （earth pressure balance tunneling machine）. To assess the risk of TBM jamming, an analysis is made including calculation of expected ground pressures on the machine and critical frictions and pressures along the route, which could stop the advance due to limitations of the machine. The ground pressures were calculated using 2D plain strain analytical and numerical methods, and using 2D＋ plain strain axisymmetrical numerical method to simulate effects of TBM advance, effects of deformations in front of TBM and effects of rigidity changes in area of TBM shield tail where ground abruptly looses contact with the shield and could additionally deform toward the concrete liner. Calculated deformations and stresses varied along the TBM and concrete liner, with prominent concentrations around the cutter head and TBM shield tail. The results of analytical and numerical calculations were compared and combined to construct diagrams of expected ground pressures on TBM along the tunnel route, and diagrams of critical frictions that may cause the jamming. Based on this analysis and ongoing measurements of ground pressures on TBM, recommendations have been made on excavation regimes, and additional investigations in front of TBM. So far a relatively fair match of the predicted and measured ground pressures on TBM is observed.

关键词： Hydro tunnel TBM shield ground pressures TBM jamming

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Planck’s <i>h</i>and Structural Constant s<sub>0</sub>

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Journal of Modern Physics 2017年第3期8卷 425-438页

作者： milan Perkovac University of Applied Sciences Zagreb Croatia

Application of Maxwell’s equations and the theory of relativity on the processes in atoms with real oscillator leads to the structural constant of atoms s0 = 8.278692517. Measurements show that the ratio of energy of the photon and its frequency is not constant which means that Planck’s h is not constant. The theory which is consistent with these measurements, has been found. This theory covers processes in electron configuration and also at the core of atoms. Based on the structural constant s0 the maximum possible atomic number Z is determined. In order to encompass all atoms and all nuclides a new measurement unit has been proposed. That is the measurement unit for the order of substance. The introduction of structural constant s0 makes 11 fundamental constants redundant, including Planck’s h. The structural constant of atoms s0 stands up as the most stable constant in a very wide range of measurement, so it may replace variable Planck’s h well. Continuity of the bremsstrahlung is explained.

关键词： Boscovich Bremsstrahlung Hyperon Neutron Order of Substance Planck Redundant Constants Soddy Structural Constant

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A further study of the kinetics and optimization of the essential oil hydrodistillation from lavender flowers

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第1期34卷 126-130页

作者： Aleksandra Perovic Mihajlo Z.Stankovic Vlada B.Veljkovic milan D.Kostic Olivera S.Stamenkovic University of Niš Faculty of TechnologyBulevar oslobodjenja 124Leskovac 16000Serbia The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Knez Mihailova 35Belgrade 11000Serbia

Hydrodistillation has commonly been used to recover essential oil from various plant materials,including lavender(Lavandula officinalis) *** main objectives of the present study were to model the kinetics of the lavender essential oil(LEO) hydrodistillation using a phenomenological model,to evaluate the statistical significance of the hydromodule and hydrodistillation time on LEO yield combining a 4~2 full factorial design with the response surface methodology,to model statistically LEO yield by multiple non-linear regression and to determine the optimal process conditions that provided the maximum LEO *** fast-essential oil distillation(washing stage) in the initial period and the slow diffusion stage until the saturation occurring simultaneously were observed,justifying the use of the phenomenological *** increasing the hydromodule,the saturation LEO yield and the washable fraction of the LEO decreased while the washing and diffusion rate constants *** of the LEO oil yield and the hydrodistillation kinetics is important from the techno-economical point of view.

关键词： Essential oil Lavender Lavandula officinalis L. Kinetics Hydrodistillation Modeling

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