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Taxonomy,phylogeny,molecular dating and ancestral state reconstruction of Xylariomycetidae(Sordariomycetes)

Fungal Diversity 2022年第1期112卷 1-88页

作者： milan c.samarakoon Kevin D.Hyde Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Marc Stadler E.B.Gareth Jones Itthayakorn Promputtha Nakarin Suwannarach Erio camporesi Timur S.Bulgakov Jian-Kui Liu School of Life Science and Technology Center for Informational BiologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731People’s Republic of China Research center in Bioresources for Agriculture Industry and MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Mushroom Research Foundation 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T.Pa PaeA.Mae TaengChiang Mai 50150Thailand Institute of Microbiology Technische Universität BraunschweigSpielmannstraße 738106 BrunswickGermany Department of Botany and Microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O Box 2455Riyadh 11451Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Research center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand A.M.B.Gruppo Micologico Forlivese"Antonio Cicognani"Via Roma 18ForliItaly Department of Plant Protection Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of SciencesYana Fabritsiusa Street 2/28SochiKrasnodar RegionRussia 354002

Xylariomycetidae(Ascomycota)is a highly diversified group with variable stromatic characters.Our research focused on inconspicuous stromatic xylarialean taxa from china,Italy,Russia,Thailand and the United Kingdom.Detailed morpho-logical descriptions,illustrations and combined ITS-LSU-rpb2-tub2-tef1 phylogenies revealed 39 taxa from our collections belonging to Amphisphaeriales and Xylariales.A new family(Appendicosporaceae),five new genera(Magnostiolata,Mela-nostictus,Neoamphisphaeria,Nigropunctata and Paravamsapriya),27 new species(Acrocordiella photiniicola,Allocryp-tovalsa sichuanensis,Amphisphaeria parvispora,Anthostomella lamiacearum,Apiospora guiyangensis,A.sichuanensis,Biscogniauxia magna,Eutypa camelliae,Helicogermslita clypeata,Hypocopra zeae,Magnostiolata mucida,Melanostictus longiostiolatus,M.thailandicus,Nemania longipedicellata,N.delonicis,N.paraphysata,N.thailandensis,Neoamphispha-eria hyalinospora,Neoanthostomella bambusicola,Nigropunctata bambusicola,N.nigrocircularis,N.thailandica,Occul-titheca rosae,Paravamsapriya ostiolata,Peroneutypa leucaenae,Seiridium italicum and Vamsapriya mucosa)and seven new host/geographical records are introduced and reported.Divergence time estimates indicate that Delonicicolales diverged from Amphisphaeriales+Xylariales at 161(123-197)MYA.Amphisphaeriales and Xylariales diverged 154(117-190)MYA with a crown age of 127(92-165)MYA and 147(111-184)MYA,respectively.Appendicosporaceae(Amphisphaeriales)has a stem age of 89(65-117)MYA.Ancestral character state reconstruction indicates that astromatic,clypeate ascomata with aseptate,hyaline ascospores that lack germ slits may probably be ancestral Xylariomycetidae having plant-fungal endo-phytic associations.The Amphisphaeriales remained mostly astromatic with common septate,hyaline ascospores.Stromatic variations may have developed mostly during the cretaceous period.Brown ascospores are common in Xylariales,but they first appeared in Amphisphaeriaceae,Melogrammataceae and Sporocadaceae during the early cretaceous.The asco

关键词： 33 new taxa Amphisphaeriales Appendicosporaceae Evolution Stromata Xylariales

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Divergence time calibrations for ancient lineages of Ascomycota classification based on a modern review of estimations

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Fungal Diversity 2019年第3期96卷 285-346页

作者： milan c.samarakoon Kevin D.Hyde Sinang Hongsanan Eric H.c.McKenzie Hiran A.Ariyawansa Itthayakorn Promputtha Xiang-Yu Zeng Qing Tian Jian-Kui(Jack)Liu center for Informational Biology School of Life Science and TechnologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731People’s Republic of China Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550006People’s Republic of China center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering College of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenPeople’s Republic of China Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Private Bag 92170AucklandNew Zealand Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology College of Bio-Resources and AgricultureNational Taiwan UniversityNo.1Sec.4Roosevelt RoadTaipei 106TaiwanROC Environmental Science Research center Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand

Inaccurate taxonomic placement of fossils can lead to the accumulation of errors in molecular clock studies and their generated evolutionary lineages.There are limited fossil data that can be used in divergence time estimations.Therefore,reliable morphological characterization and taxonomical identification of fossil fungi are extremely important.Most fossils of Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes are from the early cenozoic(66-23 Mya),with fewer from the late Mesozoic(174-145 Mya).However,it is hard to distinguish some fossil descriptions as photographs and illustrations are unclear;thus,the validity of using these fossils in calibrations of molecular clocks is problematic.This study brings scattered paleobiological data on selected fossil Ascomycota,using descriptions,fossil images and illustrations,coupled with recent age estimations,and taxonomic and phylogenetic affinity of extant species.As an integrated approach,this study summarizes a historical fossil outline with a reliable minimum age for 16 calibrating points viz.crown of Aigialus,Anzia,Aspergillus,Asterina,calicium chlorosporum–c.nobile,capnodiales,chaenotheca,colletotrichum,Diaporthales,Meliola,Ophiocordyceps,Microthyriales,Microthyrium,Muyocopron,Pezizomycotina and Stigmatomyces.A scheme of Ascomycota ancient lineages is also provided in order to improve divergence time estimations.

关键词： Fossil fungi Morphological characterization Phylogeny Taxonomy Two new combinations

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Elucidation of the life cycle of the endophytic genus Muscodor and its transfer to Induratia in Induratiaceae fam. nov., based on a polyphasic taxonomic approach

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Fungal Diversity 2020年第2期101卷 177-210页

作者： milan c.samarakoon Benjarong Thongbai Kevin D.Hyde Mark Brönstrup Ulrike Beutling christopher Lambert Andrew N.Miller Jian‑Kui(Jack)Liu Itthayakorn Promputtha Marc Stadler Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences132Lanhei RoadKunming 650201People’s Republic of China center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Life Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731People’s Republic of China Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550006People’s Republic of China Department of Microbial Drugs Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbHInhoffenstrasse 738124 BrunswickGermany Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Department of chemical Biology Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbHInhoffenstrasse 738124 BrunswickGermany Illinois Natural History Survey University of Illinois1816 South Oak StreetChampaignIL 61820‑6970USA Research center in Bioresources for Agriculture Industry and MedicineChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand

Molecular phylogenetic studies of cultures derived from some specimens of plant-inhabiting Sordariomycetes using ITS,LSU,rpb2 and tub2 DNA sequence data revealed close affinities to strains of Muscodor.The taxonomy of this biotechnologi-cally important genus,which exclusively consists of endophytes with sterile mycelia that produce antibiotic volatile secondary metabolites,was based on a rather tentative taxonomic concept.Even though it was accommodated in Xylariaceae,its phylo-genetic position had so far remained obscure.Our phylogeny shows that Muscodor species have affinities to the xylarialean genera Emarcea and Induratia,which is corroborated by the fact that their sexual states produce characteristic apiospores.These data allow for the integration of Muscodor in Induratia,i.***.the genus that was historically described first.The multi-locus phylogenetic tree clearly revealed that a clade comprising Emarcea and Induratia forms a monophylum separate from representatives of Xylariaceae,for which we propose the new family Induratiaceae.Divergence time estimations revealed that Induratiaceae has been diverged from the Xylariaceae+clypeosphaeriaceae clade at 93(69-119)million years ago(Mya)with the crown age of 61(39-85)Mya during the cretaceous period.The ascospore-derived cultures were studied for the production of volatile metabolites,using both,dual cultures for assessment of antimicrobial effects and extensive analyses using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry(Gc-MS).The antimicrobial effects observed were significant,but not as strong as in the case of the previous reports on Muscodor species.The Gc-MS results give rise to some doubt on the validity of the previous identification of certain volatiles.Many peaks in the Gc-MS chromatograms could not be safely identified by database searches and may represent new natural products.The isolation of these compounds by preparative chromatography and their subsequent characterisation by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy or total synthesis will

关键词： 9 new taxa 16 new combinations Biocontrol Endophytes Secondary metabolites Sordariomycetes

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An updated phylogeny of Sordariomycetes based on phylogenetic and molecular clock evidence

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Fungal Diversity 2017年第3期84卷 25-41页

作者： Sinang Hongsanan Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Kevin D.Hyde milan c.samarakoon Rajesh Jeewon Qi Zhao Abdullah M.Al-Sadi Ali H.Bahkali Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China center of Excellence in Fingal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department of crop Sciences College of Agricultural and Marine SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityP.O.Box 34Al-Khod 123Oman Department of Health Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MauritiusReduitMauritius Department of Botany and Microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box:2455Riyadh 1145Saudi Arabia

The previous phylogenies of Sordariomycetes by M.E.Barr,O.E.Eriksson and D.L.Hawksworth,and T.Lumbsch and S.Huhndorf,were mainly based on morphology and thus were somewhat subjective.Later outlines by T.Lumbsch and S.Huhndorf,and Maharachchikumbura and co-authors,took into account phylogenetic evidence.However,even these phylogenetic driven arrangements for Sordariomycetes,were somewhat subjective,as the arrangements in trees depended on many variables,such as number of taxa,different gene regions and methods used in the analyses.What is needed is extra evidence to help standardize ranking in the fungi.Estimation of divergence times using molecular clock methods has been proposed for providing additional rational for higher ranking of taxa.Thus,in Sordariomycetes,a divergence period(i.e.200–300 MYA)can be used as criteria to judge when a group of related taxa evolved and what rank they should be given.In this paper,we provide an updated classification of accepted subclasses,orders of Sordariomycetes and use divergence times to provide additional evidence to stabilize ranking of taxa in the class.We point out and discuss discrepancies where the phylogenetic tree conflicts with the molecular clock.

关键词： class classification Divergence times Phylogenetics Ranking

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Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Graphostromataceae,Hypoxylaceae,Lopadostomataceae and Xylariaceae

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Fungal Diversity 2018年第1期88卷 1-165页

作者： Dinushani A.Daranagama Kevin D.Hyde Esteban B.Sir Kasun M.Thambugala Qing Tian milan c.samarakoon Eric H.c.McKenzie Subashini c.Jayasiri Saowaluck Tibpromma Jayarama D.Bhat XingZhong Liu Marc Stadler State Key Laboratory of Mycology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesNo.31st West Beichen RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100101People’s Republic of China center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550006GuizhouPeople’s Republic of China Department of Microbial Drugs Helmholtz-Zentrum fu¨r Infektionsforschung GmbHInhoffenstrasse 738124 BrunswickGermany Fundacion Miguel Lillo CONICETInstitute of MycologyMiguel Lillo 2514000 San Miguel de TucumanTucumanArgentina Department of Botany Goa UniversityGoa 403206India Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Private Bag 92170AucklandNew Zealand

Species and generic recognition in the order Xylariales has been uncertain due to lack of molecular data from authentic cultures,as well as overlapping morphological characteristics.In this study,we revise the families Graphostromataceae,Hypoxylaceae,Lopadostomataceae and Xylariaceae in Xylariales.Our study is based on DNA sequence data derived from living cultures of fresh isolates,data from GenBank and morphological observation of type and worldwide herbarium specimens.We also collected new specimens from Germany,Italy and ***bined analyses of ITS,LSU,RPB2 and b-tubulin sequence data were used to reconstruct the molecular phylogeny of the above families.Generic and familiar boundaries between these families are revised and presented in an updated combined phylogenetic tree.We accept six genera in Graphostromataceae,19 genera in Hypoxylaceae,four in Lopadostomataceae and 37 genera in Xylariaceae.Five genera previously treated in Xylariaceae are placed in Amphisphaeriales genera incertae sedis and seven genera are placed in Xylariales genera incertae sedis.Two genera are placed in Sordariomycetes genera incertae sedis,while four genera are placed as Xylariomycetidae genera incertae sedis.Three genera are considered as doubtful.Barrmaelia and cannonia,presently included in Xylariaceae are transferred to Diatrypaceae and coniochaetales respectively,based on their morphology and phylogeny.Areolospora and Myconeesia are excluded from Xylariaceae and synonymized with Phaeosporis and Anthostomella respectively.Updated descriptions and illustrations are provided for all taxa with notes provided on each genus.Excluded and doubtful genera are listed with notes on their taxonomy and phylogeny.Taxonomic keys are provided for all revised families with morphological details for genera within the families.

关键词： classification Genera Phylogeny Xylariomycetidae

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Taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungi associated with the invasive weed chromolaena odorata (Siam weed)

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Fungal Diversity 2020年第2期101卷 1-175页

作者： Ausana Mapook Kevin D.Hyde Eric H.c.McKenzie E.B.Gareth Jones D.Jayarama Bhat Rajesh Jeewon Marc Stadler milan c.samarakoon Maitree Malaithong Benjawan Tanunchai François Buscot Tesfaye Wubet Witoon Purahong Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia(KLPB) Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Science KunmingKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Department of Soil Ecology UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchTheodor‑Lieser‑Str.406120 Halle(Saale)Germany center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department Microbial Drugs Helmholtz Centre for Infection Researchand German Centre for Infection Research(DZIF)Partner Site Hannover-BraunschweigInhoffenstrasse 738124 BrunswickGermany Institute of Plant Health Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringHaizhu DistrictGuangzhou 510225People’s Republic of China Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research Private Bag 92170AucklandNew Zealand Department of Botany and Microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O Box 2455Riyadh 11451Kingdom of Saudi Arabia No.128/1‑J Azad Co‑Op Housing SocietyCurcaGoa Velha 403108India Department of Health Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MauritiusReduit 80837Mauritius Present Address:Department of community Ecology UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchTheodor‑Lieser‑Str.406120 Halle(Saale)Germany German centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv) Halle-Jena-LeipzigDeutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany

This article provides morphological descriptions and illustrations of microfungi associated with the invasive weed,chro-molaena odorata,which were mainly collected in northern Thailand.Seventy-seven taxa distributed in ten orders,23 families(of which Neomassarinaceae is new),12 new genera(chromolaenicola,chromolaenomyces,Longiappendispora,Pseudocapulatispora,Murichromolaenicola,Neoophiobolus,Paraleptospora,Pseudoroussoella,Pseudostaurosphaeria,Pseudothyridariella,Setoarthopyrenia,Xenoroussoella),47 new species(Aplosporella chromolaenae,Arthrinium chromolae-nae,chromolaenicola chiangraiensis,c.lampangensis,c.nanensis,c.thailandensis,chromolaenomyces appendiculatus,Diaporthe chromolaenae,Didymella chromolaenae,Dyfrolomyces chromolaenae,Leptospora chromolaenae,L.phraeana,Longiappendispora chromolaenae,Memnoniella chromolaenae,Montagnula chiangraiensis,M.chromolaenae,M.chromo-laenicola,M.thailandica,Murichromolaenicola chiangraiensis,M.chromolaenae,Muyocopron chromolaenae,M.chromo-laenicola,Neomassarina chromolaenae,Neoophiobolus chromolaenae,Neopyrenochaeta chiangraiensis,N.chromolaenae,N.thailandica,N.triseptatispora,Nigrograna chromolaenae,Nothophoma chromolaenae,Paraleptospora chromolaenae,P.chromolaenicola,Patellaria chromolaenae,Pseudocapulatispora longiappendiculata,Pseudoroussoella chromolaenae,Pseudostaurosphaeria chromolaenae,P.chromolaenicola,Pseudothyridariella chromolaenae,Pyrenochaetopsis chromolae-nae,Rhytidhysteron chromolaenae,Setoarthopyrenia chromolaenae,Sphaeropsis chromolaenicola,Tremateia chiangraiensis,T.chromolaenae,T.thailandensis,Xenoroussoella triseptata,Yunnanensis chromolaenae),12 new host records,three new taxonomic combinations(chromolaenicola siamensis,Pseudoroussoella elaeicola,Pseudothyridariella mahakashae),and two reference specimens(Torula chromolaenae,T.fici)are described and illustrated.Unlike some other hosts,e.***.bamboo(Poaceae)and Pandanaceae,the dominant group of fungi on Siam weed were Dothideomycetes.Only 15 species previously recorded from northern Thailand were found in t

关键词： 60 new taxa Antimicrobial activity Ascomycota checklist Dothideomycetes Evolutionary divergence times Multi-gene phylogenetics Sordariomycetes

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Integrative approaches for species delimitation in Ascomycota

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Fungal Diversity 2021年第4期109卷 155-179页

作者： Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Yanpeng chen Hiran A.Ariyawansa Kevin D.Hyde Danny Haelewaters Rekhani H.Perera milan c.samarakoon Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Danilo E.Bustamante Jian-Kui Liu Daniel P.Lawrence Ratchadawan cheewangkoon Marc Stadler School of Life Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731People’s Republic of China Entomology and Plant Pathology Department Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology College of Bio-Resources and AgricultureNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei City 10617Taiwan center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Research Group Mycology Department of BiologyGhent University9000 GhentBelgium Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia37005 Ceske BudejoviceCzech Republic center for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyHonghe County 654400YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Instituto de Investigación Para el Desarrollo Sustentable de ceja de Selva(INDES-cES) Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de MendozaChachapoyasAmazonasPeru Department of civil and Environmental Engineering(FIcIAM) Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de MendozaChachapoyasAmazonasPeru Department of Plant Pathology University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCAUSA Helmholtz centre for Infection Research GmbH Department Microbial Drugs and German Centre for Infection Research(DZIF)Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig38124 BraunschweigGermany Institute of Microbiology Technische Universität BraunschweigInhoffenstraße 738124 BraunschweigGermany

Biodiversity loss from disturbances caused by human activities means that species are disappearing at an ever increasing rate.The high number of species that have yet to be described have generated extreme crisis to the taxonomist.Therefore,more than in any other era,effective ways to discover and delimitate species are needed.This paper reviews the historically fore-most approaches used to delimit species in Ascomycota,the most speciose phylum of Fungi.These include morphological,biological,and phylogenetic species concepts.We argue that a single property to delineate species boundaries has various defects and each species concept comes with its own advantages and disadvantages.Recently the rate of species discovery has increased because of the advancement of phylogenetic approaches.However,traditional phylogenetic methods with few gene regions lack species-level resolution,and do not allow unambiguous conclusions.We detail the processes that affect gene tree heterogeneity,which acts as barriers to delimiting species boundaries in classical low-rank phylogenies.So far,limited insights were given to the DNA-based methodologies to establish well-supported boundaries among fungal species.In addition to reviewing concepts and methodologies used to delimit species,we present a case study.We applied differ-ent species delimitation methods to understand species boundaries in the plant pathogenic and cryptic genus Phyllosticta(Dothideomycetes,Botryosphaeriales).Several DNA-based methods over-split the taxa while in some methods several taxa fall into a single species.These problems can be resolved by using multiple loci and coalescence-based methods.Further,we discuss integrative approaches that are crucial for understanding species boundaries within Ascomycota and provide several examples for ideal and pragmatic approaches of species delimitation.

关键词： Ascomycetes Phylogenetics Species concept Systematics

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The ranking of fungi:a tribute to David L.Hawksworth on his 70th birthday

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Fungal Diversity 2017年第3期84卷 1-23页

作者： Kevin D.Hyde Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Sinang Hongsanan milan c.samarakoon Robert Lücking Dhandevi Pem Dulanjalee Harishchandra Rajesh Jeewon Rui-Lin Zhao Jian-chu Xu1 Jian-chu Xu Jian-Kui Liu Abdullah M.Al-Sadi Ali H.Bahkali Abdallah M.Elgorban Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Mycology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of SciencesChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100101China college of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHuairou DistrictBeijing 100408China Department of Botany and Microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box:2455Riyadh 1145Saudi Arabia center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department of crop Sciences College of Agricultural and Marine SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityP.O.Box 34123 Al-KhodOman Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Freie Universität BerlinKönigin-Luise-Strasse 6-814195 BerlinGermany Department of Health Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MauritiusReduitMauritius Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang CityPeople’s Republic of China Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand Institute of Plant and Environment Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097People’s Republic of China

The history of assigning ranks to fungi,as well as the relative importance of using divergence time estimates is reviewed.The paper pays tribute to the major mycological players,and especially to David Hawksworth on his 70th birthday and his contribution to fungal ranking in Systema Ascomycetum from 1982 to 1998.Following the conclusion of the latter series,the ranking continued with the Outlines of Ascomycota in 2007 and 2010 and more recently with specific classes in‘Towards an outline of Sordariomycetes’and‘Families of Dothideomycetes’.Earlier classifications based on phenotype were certainly more subjective;however,remarkably many of these old arrangements have stood the test of time.More recently,phylogenetic analyses have provided evidence towards a natural classification,resulting in significant changes in many lineages.The classification arrangements however,are still subjective and dependent on the taxa analysed,resulting in different taxonomic interpretations and schemes,particularly when it comes to ranking.Thus,what have been considered as genera by some,have been introduced as families by others.More recently,estimation of divergence times using molecular clock methods have been used as objective evidence for higher ranking of taxa.A divergence period(i.e.200–300 MYA)can be used as a criterion to infer when a group of related taxa evolved and what rank they should be given.We compiled data on divergence times for various higher ranking taxa in the Kingdom Fungi.The kingdom evolved 1000–1600 MYA(Stenian–calymmian),while the presently accepted phyla evolved between 358 and 541 MYA(Devonian–cambrian).Divergence times for subphyla are generally between 358 and 485 MYA(Devonian–Ordovician),those of classes 145–358 MYA(Jurassic–carboniferous),subclasses 66–358 MYA(cretaceous–carboniferous),orders 23–252 MYA(Paleogene–Triassic),families 2.8–145 MYA(Neogene–cretaceous),and genera 2.8–66 MYA(Neogene–Paleogene).Thus,there are wide discrepancies in the times different taxa diverged.We provide an overview over A

关键词： classification Evolution Ranking Temporal banding Sordariomycetes

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Appressorial interactions with host and their evolution

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Fungal Diversity 2021年第5期110卷 75-107页

作者： K.W.Thilini chethana Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Yi-Jyun chen Sirinapa Konta Saowaluck Tibpromma chayanard Phukhamsakda Pranami D.Abeywickrama milan c.samarakoon chanokned Senwanna Ausana Mapook Xia Tang Deecksha Gomdola Diana S.Marasinghe Oundhyalah D.Padaruth Abhaya Balasuriya Jianping Xu Saisamorn Lumyong Kevin D.Hyde Innovative institute of plant health zhongkai university of agriculture and engineeringguangzhou 510225people’s republic of china center of excellence in fungal research mae fah luang universitychiang rai 57100thailand school of science mae fah luang universitychiang rai 57100thailand key laboratory for plant diversity and biogeography of east asia kunming institute of botanychinese academy of sciencekunming 650201yunnanpeople’s republic of china beijing key laboratory of environment-friendly management on fruit diseases and pests in north china institute of plant and environment protectionbeijing academy of agriculture and forestry sciencesbeijing 100097people’s republic of china department of biology faculty of sciencechiang mai universitychiang mai 50200thailand engineering and research center for southwest biopharmaceutical resource of national education ministry of china gui zhou universitygui yang 550025gui zhoupeople’s republic of china department of plant sciences faculty of agriculturerajarata university of sri lankaanuradhapurasri lanka department of biology mcmaster university1280 main street westhamiltonon l8s 4k1canada center of excellence in microbial diversity and sustainable utilization faculty of sciencechiang mai universitychiang mai 50200thailand academy of science the royal society of thailandbangkok 10300thailand engineering research center of chinese ministry of education for edible and medicinal fungi jilin agricultural universitychangchun city 130118jilin provincepeople’s republic of china department of entomology and plant pathology faculty of agriculturechiang mai universitychiang mai 50200thailand center for mountain futures kunming institute of botanykunming 650201yunnanpeople’s republic of china

Fungi have evolved diverse strategies to acquire nutrients as endophytes,saprobes,symbionts,or pathogens.Appressoria have been intensively studied due to their importance in attaching and breaching the host surface.These specialized infection structures have evolved into various morpho-types:proto-appressoria,hyaline appressoria,melanized(dark)appressoria,and compound appressoria.In this review,we discuss the differences in the formation,differentiation,and function of appres-soria among fungi with diverse life strategies.Using DNA sequence information,LSU,5.8S,SSU and rpb2 gene fragments,we reconstructed the ancestral states for appressorial types in the main phyla of fungi and fungus-like organisms and found that the hyaline appressoria was the most ancestral form.Our analysis estimated proto-appressoria diversification during the Mesozoic period(92-239 million years ago),however,its origin remains inconclusive.Our data suggest that these hyaline appressoria diversified into melanized or compound appressoria,with evidence of adaptive radiation.

关键词： Ancestral characters Evolution Host-recognition Hyaline appressoria Infection process Melanized appressoria Proto-appressoria

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Fungal diversity notes 840–928:micro-fungi associated with Pandanaceae

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Fungal Diversity 2018年第6期93卷 1-160页

作者： Saowaluck Tibpromma Kevin DHyde Eric H.c.McKenzie DJayarama Bhat Alan J.L.Phillips Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe milan c.samarakoon Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Asha J.Dissanayake Danushka S.Tennakoon Mingkwan Doilom Rungtiwa Phookamsak Alvin M.c.Tang Jianchu Xu Peter EMortimer Itthayakorn Promputtha Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Samiullah Khan Samantha c.Karunarathna Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China centre of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Private Bag 92170AucklandNew Zealand No.128/1-J Azad Housing SocietyCurcaGoa VelhaIndia Division of Applied Science College of International EducationThe Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongSARPeople’s Republic of China Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Environmental Science Research centre Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Rai 50200Thailand Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de CieˆnciasBiosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute(BioISI)Campo Grande1749-016 LisbonPortugal Department of crop Sciences College of Agricultural and Marine SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityPO Box 34123 AlkhoudOman college of Animal Science and Technology Yunnan Agriculture UniversityKunmingPeople’s Republic of China

This paper provides illustrated descriptions of micro-fungi newly found on Pandanaceae in china and Thailand.The fungi are accommodated in 31 families.New taxa described include a new family,seven new genera,65 new species,16 previously known species.A new family:Malaysiascaceae(Glomerellales).New genera are Acremoniisimulans(Plec-tosphaerellaceae),Pandanaceomyces,Pseudoachroiostachy(Nectriaceae),Pseudohyaloseta(Niessliaceae),Pseudoor-natispora(Stachybotriaceae)and Yunnanomyces(Sympoventuriaceae).New species are Acremoniisimulans thailandensis,Beltrania krabiensis,Beltraniella pandanicola,B.thailandicus,canalisporium krabiense,c.thailandensis,clonostachys krabiensis,curvularia chonburiensis,c.pandanicola,c.thailandicum,c.xishuangbannaensis,cylindrocladiella xishuangbannaensis,Dictyochaeta pandanicola,Dictyocheirospora nabanheensis,D.pandanicola,D.xishuangbannaen-sis,Dictyosporium appendiculatum,Di.guttulatum,Di.hongkongensis,Di.krabiense,Di.pandanicola,Distoseptispora thailandica,D.xishuangbannaensis,Helicoma freycinetiae,Hermatomyces biconisporus,Lasiodiplodia chonburiensis,L.pandanicola,Lasionectria krabiense,Menisporopsis pandanicola,Montagnula krabiensis,Musicillium pandanicola,Neofusicoccum pandanicola,Neohelicomyces pandanicola,Neooccultibambusa thailandensis,Neopestalotiopsis chiang-maiensis,N.pandanicola,N.phangngaensis,Pandanaceomyces krabiensis,Paracylindrocarpon nabanheensis,P.pan-danicola,P.xishuangbannaensis,Parasarcopodium hongkongensis,Pestalotiopsis krabiensis,P.pandanicola,Polyplosphaeria nabanheensis,P.pandanicola,P.xishuangbannaensis,Pseudoachroiostachys krabiense,Pseu-doberkleasmium pandanicola,Pseudochaetosphaeronema pandanicola,Pseudohyaloseta pandanicola,Pseudoornatispora krabiense,Pseudopithomyces pandanicola,Rostriconidium pandanicola,Sirastachys phangngaensis,Stictis pandanicola,Terriera pandanicola,Thozetella pandanicola,Tubeufia freycinetiae,T.parvispora,T.pandanicola,Vermiculariopsiella hongkongensis,Volutella krabiense,V.thailandensis and Yunnanomyces pandanicola.Previous studies of

关键词： 65 new taxa Ascomycota Dothideomycetes Freycinetia Lecanoromycetes Leotiomycetes Pandanus Saprobic Sordariomycetes

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