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Heavy metals leaching in bottom ash and fly ash fractions from industrial-scale BFB-boiler for environmental risks assessment

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2016年第1期26卷 256-264页

作者： Risto POYKIO mikko makela Gary WATKINS Hannu NURMESNIEMI OUi DAHL Department of Environmental Protection City ofKemiValtakatu 26FI-94100 KemiFinland Division of Biomass Technology and Chemistry Department of Forest Biomaterials and TechnologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesP.O.Box SLUSE-90183 UmehSweden Department of Environmental Science and Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology4259 Nagatsuta-choMidori-kuYokohama 226-8502Japan Department of Forest Products Technology School of Chemical TechnologyAalto UniversityP.O.Box 16400FI-00076 AaltoFinland Department of Environmental Protection Stora Enso OyjVeitsiluoto MillFI-94800 KemiFinland

The bottom ash and fly ash from the co-combustion of wood residues and peat at a bubbling fluidised bed boiler（296 MW） contained only quartz（SiO_2）, microcline（KAl Si_3O_8） and albite（NaAlSi_3O_8）. Thus, X-ray powder diffraction（XRD） was not useful for clarifying the difference in the release of associated heavy metals from ash matrices. In order to assess the release of heavy metals from ashes under changing environmental conditions, they were sequentially extracted and fractionated by the BCR-procedure into acid soluble/exchangeable（CH_3COOH）, reducible（NH_2OH-HCl） and oxidizable（H_2O_2/CH_3COONH_4） phases. The CH_3 COOH extractable fraction in conjunction with the total heavy metals concentrations were used to calculate the risk assessment code values for heavy metals leaching from the ash matrix. The leaching studies indicate that the heavy metals in the bottom ash and fly ash are bound to different fractions with different strengths. From the environmental and utilization perspectives, heavy metals in ashes posed different levels of environmental contamination risk. Only As in the bottom ash posed a very high risk. High risk metals were Cd in the bottom ash as well as As, Cd and Se in the fly ash.

关键词： bottom ash fly ash BCR extraction heavy metals risk assessment code

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A CFD study on the hydrodynamic response of a small-scale ice floe induced by a passing ship

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第2期36卷 290-299页

作者： Zongyu Jiang Spyros Hirdaris Sasan Tavakoli mikko Suominen Pentti Kujala Marine and Arctic Technology Department of Mechanical EngineeringAalto UniversityEspooFinland Global Ship Systems Centre ABS Hellenic SM LLC.AthensGreece Department of Infrastructure Engineering The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia

A Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model is built to investigate the hydrodynamic response of a circular ice floe under the influence of a passing ship in calm *** ship,mirroring the KRISO Container Ship’s hull design,progresses near an ice floe whose diameter is 30%of the ship’s length and its thickness is 3 *** ship advances at a constant speed,which is handled by using the overset mesh *** study focuses on the ice floe’s motions and the hydrodynamic forces induced by three speeds and three transverse distances of the passing *** reveal that ship-generated wakes notably influence the ice floe’s motions,with a greater influence on sway than ***,the ship’s speed and proximity distinctly affect the ice floe’s motions.

关键词： Hydrodynamics ship-ice interactions ice floe Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)computational fluid dynamics(CFD)

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High-performance portable grating-based surface plasmon resonance sensor using a tunable laser at normal incidence

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Photonics Research 2024年第5期12卷 947-958页

作者： DUC LE ANNI RANTA-LASSILA TEEMU SIPOLA mikko KARPPINEN JARNO PETAJA MINNA KEHUSMAA SANNA AIKIO TIAN-LONG GUO MATTHIEU ROUSSEY JUSSI HILTUNEN ALEXEY POPOV VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland 90570 OuluFinland Department of Physics and Mathematics University of Eastern FinlandFI-80101 JoensuuFinland

Surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensors are among the most sensitive *** such devices,a grating is a compelling alternative to a prism for the excitation of a surface plasmon,especially in the development of sensors for point-of-care applications due to their compactness and ***,we demonstrate the use of a tunable laser in a grating-based SPR system for further miniaturization and *** tunable laser working at normal incidence replaces spectral and moving components,while also simplifying the optical *** incidence is conventionally avoided due to the complexity of the control of degenerated SPR *** investigate,both computationally and experimentally,the splitting of the SPR modes at small nonzero incidences,which is lacking in previously reported *** optimizing the grating configuration,we were able to diminish the SPR mode splitting phenomenon when the excitation was feasible with the normal incidence *** fabricated sensor showed a high sensitivity of 1101.6 nm/***,the figure of merit of the sensor,defined as the ratio between the sensitivity and bandwidth of the SPR dip,was *** experimental results were consistent with the simulation *** also demonstrate its capability for detecting low concentrations of glucose and creatinine with the limit of detection of 14.2 and 19.1 mmol/L,respectively.

关键词： tunable splitting excitation

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Quantitative in situ measurement of optical force along a strand of cleaved silica optical fiber induced by the light guided therewithin

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Photonics Research 2021年第10期9卷 2016-2023页

作者： mikko PARTANEN HYEONWOO LEE KYUNGHWAN OH Photonic Device Physics Laboratory Department of PhysicsYonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea Photonics Group Department of Electronics and NanoengineeringAalto University00076 AaltoFinland

We propose an optomechanical system to quantify the net force on a strand of cleaved silica optical fiber in situ as the laser light is being guided through *** strands of the fiber were bonded to both sides of a macroscopic oscillator,whose movements were accurately monitored by a Michelson *** laser light was propagating with variable optical powers and frequency ***,we discovered that the driving force for the oscillator consisted of not only the optical force of the light exiting from the cleaved facets but also the tension along the fiber induced by the light guided *** net driving force was determined only by the optical power,refractive index of the fiber,and the speed of light,which pinpoints its fundamental origin.

关键词： fiber optical interferometer

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The Linearized Calderón Problem on Complex Manifolds

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2019年第6期35卷 1043-1056页

作者： Colin GUILLARMOU mikko SALO Leo TZOU Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay Université Paris-Sud CNRS Université Paris-Saclay Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Jyv?skyl? School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Sydney

In this note we show that on any compact subdomain of a K?hler manifold that admits sufficiently many global holomorphic functions, the products of harmonic functions form a complete set. This gives a positive answer to the linearized anisotropic Calderón problem on a class of complex manifolds that includes compact subdomains of Stein manifolds and sufficiently small subdomains of K?hler manifolds. Some of these manifolds do not admit limiting Carleman weights, and thus cannot be treated by standard methods for the Calderón problem in higher dimensions. The argument is based on constructing Morse holomorphic functions with approximately prescribed critical points. This extends earlier results from the case of Riemann surfaces to higher dimensional complex manifolds.

关键词： Inverse problem Calderón problem complex manifold

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Control of exterior ballistic properties of spin-stabilized bullet by optimizing internal mass distribution

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2019年第1期15卷 38-50页

作者： Janne Lahti Timo Sailaranta mikko Harju Kai Virtanen Systems Analysis Laboratory Department of Mathematics and Systems AnalysisAalto University Aero RD Ltd Systems Analysis Laboratory Department of Mathematics and Systems AnalysisAalto Universit Department of Military Technology National Defence University of Finland

This paper introduces a novel approach for controlling the exterior ballistic properties of spin-stabilized bullets by optimizing their internal mass distributions. Specifically, the properties of interest are the bullets’ stability characteristics that are examined through dynamic and gyroscopic stability *** analytical expressions for aerodynamic quantities are also derived to address the compressibility of air. These expressions are utilized in a bullet model that enables efficient computation of the stability parameters for a given mass distribution. The bullet model is used in the formulation of nonlinear optimization problems that provide optimal mass distributions with respect to given goals, i.e., desired stability characteristics. The bullet types investigated in this paper are a long range bullet and a limited range training bullet. In the optimization of the mass distribution of the long range bullet, the goal is that the bullet stays stable for as long as possible. The mass distribution of the training bullet is optimized such that the bullet is stable at launch but becomes unstable shortly afterwards. The global optimal solutions obtained with the new approach fulfill the desired stability characteristics better than currently used uniformly filled bullets. Overall, the optimization approach reveals a new goal focused philosophy for bullet design compared to current trial and error design practices.

关键词： Aerodynamics Bullet Exterior ballistics Mass properties Optimization Stability

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Dynamic ModeⅡfracture behavior of rocks under hydrostatic pressure using the short core in compression(SCC)method

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2021年第5期31卷 927-937页

作者： Wei Yao Ying XuChonglang Wang Kaiwen Xia mikko Hokka State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety School of Civil EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Engineering Materials Science Faculty of Engineering and Natural SciencesTampere University(TAU)POB 589FI-33014 TampereFinland Department of Civil&Mineral Engineering University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 1A4Canada

The shear failure of rocks under both a static triaxial stress and a dynamic disturbance is common in deep underground engineering and it is therefore essential for the design of underground engineering to quantitively estimate the dynamic ModeⅡfracture toughness KⅡCof rocks under a triaxial stress ***,the method for determining the dynamic KⅡCof rocks under a triaxial stress has not been developed *** an optimal sample preparation,the short core in compression(SCC)method was designed and verified in this study to measure the dynamic KⅡCof Fangshan marble(FM)subjected to different hydrostatic pressures through a triaxial dynamic testing *** formula for calculating the dynamic KⅡCof the rock SCC specimen under hydrostatic pressures was obtained by using the finite element method in combination with secondary *** experimental results indicate that the failure mode of the rock SCC specimen under a hydrostatic pressure is the shear fracture and the KⅡCof FM increases as the loading *** addition,at a given loading rate the dynamic rock KⅡCis barely affected by hydrostatic *** important observation is that the dynamic fracture energy of FM enhances with loading rates and hydrostatic pressures.

关键词： Loading rate Finite element method ModeⅡfracture toughness Fangshan marble Hydrostatic pressure Short core in compression

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Chemical fractionation method for characterization of biomass-based bottom and fly ash fractions from large-sized power plant of an integrated pulp and paper mill complex

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2014年第2期24卷 588-596页

作者： Risto PYKI Hannu NURMESNIEMI Olli DAHL mikko MKEL City of Kemi Valtakatu 26 FI-94100 Kemi Finland Stora Enso Oyj Veitsiluoto Mill FI-94800 Kemi Finland Aalto University School of Chemical Technology Department of Forest Products TechnologyP. O. Box 16300 FI-00076 Aalto Finland Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology Division of Biomass Technology and Chemistry P.O. Box SLU SE-90183 UmeSweden

The aim of this study was to extract the biomass-based bottom and fly ash fractions by a three-stage fractionation method for water-soluble （H2O）, ammonium-acetate （CH3COONH4） and hydrochloric acid （HCl） fractions in order to access the leaching behaviour of these residues. Except for Mo, S, Na and elements whose concentrations were lower than the detection limits, the extractable element concentrations in both ash fractions followed the order H2O＆lt;CH3COONH4＆lt;HCl. The elements concentrations in this study were also lower than those in our previous studies, in which certain extraction stages followed the BCR extraction procedure.

关键词： ash extraction forest industry landfilling leaching heavy metals waste

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A GIS-based method for the selection of the location of residence

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2012年第1期15卷 61-66页

作者： Xavier ALBACETE Kari PASANEN mikko KOLEHMAINEN Department of Environmental Science Research Group of Environmental InformaticsUniversity of Eastern FinlandYliopistoranta 1 EP.O.Box 162770211 KuopioFinland

Homebuyers are usually interested in both the accessibility of services and the quality of the local environment,and real estate agents frequently offer some web-based systems for home *** is however hardly any information about the quality of local living environment in those web-based *** purpose of this study was to develop a method for homebuyers,adaptable to the environmental variables of interest to homebuyers when selecting a home *** this paper,a multicriteria spatial analysis method is proposed and demonstrated for the homebuyers’selection process,using data from the City of Kuopio,*** spatial variables are applied,including environmental and service factors in the home searching process.A geographical information system(GIS)is used for creating maps for decision variables and mapping suitable *** method for ranking alternative dwellings is based on the difference between levels of the decision variables for each dwelling and the target levels given by the *** method presented in this paper is adaptable to other geographical and social *** decision analysis tool will be useful for both customers and real estate agents,and can also be used for city planning as a participatory-GIS(P-GIS)*** introduces new possibilities in the home selection *** availability of spatial data on the living environment in the webbased services for homebuyers is likely to have effects on customers’requirements and house markets,and also promote better spatial city organization in the long run.

关键词： home selection real estate market living environment GIS

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Tensor Tomography: Progress and Challenges

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2014年第3期35卷 399-428页

作者： Gabriel P. PATERNAIN mikko SALO Gunther UHLMANN Department of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics University of Cambridge Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Jyvskyl Department of Mathematics University of Washington and University of HelsinkiBox 354350 Seattle Washington 98195-4350 USA

The authors survey recent progress in the problem of recovering a tensor field from its integrals along geodesics. Several open problems are also proposed.

关键词： Inverse problem Integral geometry Tensor tomography

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