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Abomasal infusion of branched-chain amino acids or branched-chain keto-acids alter lactation performance and liver triglycerides in fresh cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1145-1157页

作者： Kristen Gallagher Isabelle Bernstein Cynthia Collings david Main Ghayyoor Ahmad Sarah Naughton Jayasimha daddam Vengai Mavangira mike Vandehaar Zheng Zhou department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48824USA department of Veterinary diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Ames 50011USA

Background dairy cows are at high risk of fatty liver disease in early lactation,but current preventative measures are not always *** with fatty liver have lower circulating branched-chain amino acid(BCAA)concentra-tions whereas cows with high circulating BCAA levels have low liver triglyceride(TG).Our objective was to determine the impact of BCAA and their corresponding ketoacids(branched-chain ketoacids,BCKA)on production performance and liver TG accumulation in Holstein cows in the first 3 weeks *** Thirty-six multiparous Holstein cows were used in a randomized block design *** were abomasally infused for the first 21 d postpartum with solutions of 1)saline(CON,n=12);2)BCA(67 g valine,50 g leu-cine,and 34 g isoleucine,n=12);and 3)BCK(77 g 2-ketovaline calcium salt,57 g 2-ketoleucine calcium salt,and 39 g 2-ketoisoleucine calcium salt,n=12).All cows received the same *** effects were determined using PROC GLIMMIX in *** No differences were detected for body weight,body condition score,or dry matter intake averaged over the first 21 d *** receiving BCK had significantly lower liver TG concentrations compared to CON(6.60%vs.4.77%,standard error of the mean(SEM)0.49)during the first 3 weeks of *** of BCA increased milk yield(39.5 vs.35.3 kg/d,SEM 1.8),milk fat yield(2.10 vs.1.69 kg/d,SEM 0.08),and lactose yield(2.11 vs.1.67 kg/d,SEM 0.07)compared with *** to CON,cows receiving BCA had lower plasma glucose(55.0 vs.59.2 mg/dL,SEM 0.86)but higherβ-hydroxybutyrate(9.17 vs.6.00 mg/dL,SEM 0.80).Conclusions Overall,BCAA supplementation in this study improved milk production,whereas BCKA supplementa-tion reduced TG accumulation in the liver of fresh cows.

关键词： Branched-chain amino acids Branched-chain ketoacids Fatty liver Fresh cow

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Measuring Pedestrian Stress Response (MPSR) Using Wearable Technologies

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2024年第2期14卷 224-235页

作者： Ishita dash Rachael Anne Muscatello Mark d. Abkowitz Ella R. Mostoller mike Sewell department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Vanderbilt University 2301 Vanderbilt Place Nashville USA department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences SENSE Lab Vanderbilt University Medical Center 1211 Medical Center Drive Nashville USA Gresham Smith 111 West Main Street Suite 201 Louisville USA

Walkability is an essential aspect of urban transportation systems. Properly designed walking paths can enhance transportation safety, encourage pedestrian activity, and improve community quality of life. This, in turn, can help achieve sustainable development goals in urban areas. This pilot study uses wearable technology data to present a new method for measuring pedestrian stress in urban environments and the results were presented as an interactive geographic information system map to support risk-informed decision-making. The approach involves analyzing data from wearable devices using heart rate variability (RMSSd and slope analysis) to identify high-stress locations. This data-driven approach can help urban planners and safety experts identify and address pedestrian stressors, ultimately creating safer, more walkable cities. The study addresses a significant challenge in pedestrian safety by providing insights into factors and locations that trigger stress in pedestrians. during the pilot study, high-stress pedestrian experiences were identified due to issues like pedestrian-scooter interaction on pedestrian paths, pedestrian behavior around high foot traffic areas, and poor visibility at pedestrian crossings due to inadequate lighting.

关键词： Wearable Technology Walkability Built Environment Pedestrian Safety

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The computerized LASSI-BC Test versus the Standard LASSI-L Paper-and-Pencil Version in Community-Based-Samples

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Advances in Alzheimer's disease 2024年第1期13卷 11-25页

作者： Rosie E. Curiel Cid Alexandra Ortega Ubbo Visser Marcela Kitaigorodsky d. diane Zheng diana Hincapie Kirsten Horne Crenshaw Ashleigh Beaulieu Brooke Bosworth Liz Gallardo Emory Neer Sofia Ramirez Elizabeth A. Crocco mike Georgiou Efrosyni Sfakianaki david A. Loewenstein Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging and department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami FL USA department of Computer Sciences University of Miami Coral Gables FL USA Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL USA department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami FL USA

Proactive Semantic Interference (PSI) and failure to recover from PSI (frPSI), are novel constructs assessed by the LASSI-L. These measures are sensitive to cognitive changes in early Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and preclinical Ad determined by Aβ load using PET. The goal of this study was to compare a new computerized version of the LASSI-L (LASSI-Brief Computerized) to the standard paper-and-pencil version of the test. In this study, we examined 110 cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults and 79 with amnestic MCI (aMCI) who were administered the paper-and-pencil form of the LASSI-L. Their performance was compared with 62 CU older adults and 52 aMCI participants examined using the LASSI-BC. After adjustment for covariates (degree of initial learning, sex, education, and language of evaluation) both the standard and computerized versions distinguished between aMCI and CU participants. The performance of CU and aMCI groups using either form was relatively commensurate. Importantly, an optimal combination of Cued B2 recall and Cued B1 intrusions on the LASSI-BC yielded an area under the ROC curve of .927, a sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 88.1%, relative to an area under the ROC curve of .815, a sensitivity of 72.5%, and a specificity of 79.1% obtained for the paper-and-pencil LASSI-L. Overall, the LASSI-BC was comparable, and in some ways, superior to the paper-and-pencil LASSI-L. Advantages of the LASSI-BC include a more standardized administration, suitability for remote assessment, and an automated scoring mechanism that can be verified by a built-in audio recording of responses.

关键词： Mild Cognitive Impairment Proactive Semantic Interference LASSI-L Computerized Cognitive Assessment

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Managing project risks and uncertainties

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第1期2卷 31-44页

作者： mike Mentis Business & the environment Postnet Suite 10102 Private Bag X7005 3650 Hillcrest South Africa

This article considers threats to a project slipping on budget,schedule and *** is used here as the collective for risks（quantifiable bad things that can happen）and uncertainties（poorly or not quantifiable bad possible events）.Based on experience with projects in developing countries this review considers that（a）project slippage is due to uncertainties rather than risks,（b）while eventuation of some bad things is beyond control,managed execution and oversight are stil the primary means to keeping within budget,on time and fit-for-purpose,（c）improving project delivery is less about bigger and more complex and more about coordinated focus,effectiveness and developing thought-out heuristics,and（d）projects take longer and cost more partly because threat identification is inaccurate,the scope of identified threats is too narrow,and the threat assessment product is not integrated into overall project decision-making and *** by definition,what is poorly known is likely to cause *** it is not just the unquantifiability and intangibility of uncertainties causing project slippage,but that they are insufficiently taken into account in project planning and execution that cause budget and time *** project performance requires purpose-driven and managed deployment of scarce seasoned *** can be aided with independent oversight by deeply experienced panelists who contribute technical insights and can potentially show that diligence is seen to be done.

关键词： Budget Fit-for-purpose Management Project Risks Schedule Threats Uncertainties

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Functional responses of cougars(Puma concolor)in a multiple prey-species system

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第1期13卷 84-93页

作者： Leroy SORIA-dÍAZ mike SFOWLER Octavio MONROY-VILCHIS daniel ORO Institute of Applied Ecology Autonomous University of TamaulipasVictoria city TamaulipasMexico department of Biosciences Swansea UniversitySwanseaUK Center for Research in Applied Biological Sciences Autonomous University of the State of MexicoCentro TolucaMexico Population Ecology Group Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies IMEDEA(CSIC-UIB)EsporlesMallorcaSpain

The study of predator-prey interactions is commonly analyzed using functional responses to gain an understanding of predation patterns and the impact they have on prey *** this,little is known about predator-prey systems with multiple prey species in sites near the *** we studied the functional response of cougars(Puma concolor)in relation to their main prey,armadillo(dasypus novemcinctus),coati(Nasua narica)and white-tailed deer(Odocoileus virginianus).Between 2004 and 2010,cougar scats were collected along 5 transects to estimate the consumption of different prey species.A relative abundance index(RAI)was calculated for each prey species and cougar using 18 camera *** compared Holling type I,II and III functional response models to determine patterns in prey consumption based on the relative abundance and biomass of each prey species *** 3 main prey species comprised 55%(armadillo),17%(coati)and 8%(white-tailed deer)of the *** I and II functional responses described consumption of the 2 most common prey species armadillos and coati similarly well,while a type I response best characterized consumption of white-tailed deer.A negative correlation between the proportions of armadillo versus coati and white-tailed deer biomass in cougar scats suggests switching to consume alternative prey,confirming high foraging plasticity of this *** work represents one of the few studies to compare functional responses across multiple prey species,combined with evidence for prey-switching at low densities of preferred prey.

关键词： cougar functional responses Holling model comparison multiple prey

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cffdrs: an R package for the Canadian Forest Fire danger Rating System

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 30-40页

作者： Xianli Wang B.mike Wotton Alan S.Cantin Marc-AndréParisien Kerry Anderson Brett Moore mike d.Flannigan Great Lakes Forestry Centre Canadian Forest ServiceNatural Resources Canada1219 Queen Street EastSault Ste.MarieON P6A 2E5Canada department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta751 General Service BuildingEdmontonAB T6G 2H1Canada Faculty of Forestry University of Toronto33 Willcocks St.TorontoON M5S 3B3Canada Northern Forestry Centre Canadian Forest ServiceNatural Resources Canada5320-122nd StreetEdmontonAB T6H 3S5Canada

Introduction:The Canadian Forest Fire danger Rating System(CFFdRS)is a globally known wildland fire risk assessment system,and two major components,the fire weather index system and the fire behavior prediction system,have been extensively used both nationally and internationally to aid operational wildland fire decision ***:In this paper,we present an overview of an R package cffdrs,which is developed to calculate components of the CFFdRS,and highlight some of its *** particular,we demonstrate how these functions could be used for large data *** and discussion:With this cffdrs package,we provide a portal for not only a collection of R functions dealing with all available components in CFFdRS but also a platform for various additional developments that are useful for the understanding of fire occurrence and *** is the first time that all relevant CFFdRS methods are incorporated into the same platform,which can be accessed by both the management and research communities.

关键词： Fire behavior prediction system Fire weather index system Forest fire Forest fire risk Fuel moisture Landscape ecology

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Large-scale destress blasting for seismicity control in hard rock mines:A case study

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第2期30卷 141-149页

作者： Isaac Vennes Hani Mitri damodara Reddy Chinnasane mike Yao department of Mining and Materials Engineering McGill UniversityMontrealQuebec H3A 0E8Canada Copper Cliff Mine Vale Canada LtdSudbury P0M 1N0Canada

destress blasting is a rockburst control technique where highly stressed rock is blasted to reduce the local stress and stiffness of the rock,thereby reducing its burst *** technique is commonly practiced in deep hard rock mines in burst prone developments,as well as in sill or crown pillars which become burst-prone as the orebody is ***-scale destressing is a variant of destress blasting where panels are created parallel to the orebody strike with a longhole,fanning blast pattern from cross cut drifts situated in the host *** aim of panel destressing is to reduce the stress concentration in the ore blocks or pillars to be *** paper focuses on the large-scale destress blasting program conducted at Vale's Copper Cliff Mine(CCM)in Ontario,*** merits of panel destressing are examined through field measurements of mining induced stress changes in the *** destressing mechanism is simulated with a rock fragmentation factor(a)and stress reduction/dissipation factor(b).A 3d model is built and validated with measured induced stress *** is shown that the best correlation between the numerical model and field measurements is obtained when the combination of a and b indicates that the blast causes high fragmentation(a=0.05)and high stress release(b=0.95)in the destress *** is demonstrated that the burst proneness of the ore blocks in the panel stress shadow is reduced in terms of the brittle shear ratio(BSR)and the burst potential index(BPI).

关键词： destress blasting Preconditioning Rockbursts Strainbursts Numerical modeling

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想象难以设想的事物:艺术镜头下的深时

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装饰 2024年第8期 49-61页

作者： [美]J.d.塔拉塞克汪芸(译) 美国国家科学院《装饰》

J.d.塔拉塞克是一位策展人、研究者和作家,他热衷于通过协作与综合性的工作探索艺术与科学的交叉点。他是美国国家科学院文化项目的负责人,该项目专注于探索科学、医学、技术和文化之间的相互关系;同时,他是《莱奥纳多》(麻省理工学院出... 详细信息

J.d.塔拉塞克是一位策展人、研究者和作家,他热衷于通过协作与综合性的工作探索艺术与科学的交叉点。他是美国国家科学院文化项目的负责人,该项目专注于探索科学、医学、技术和文化之间的相互关系;同时,他是《莱奥纳多》(麻省理工学院出版)的主编。塔拉塞克是dASER (华盛顿特区艺术科学晚会)的创始人和主持人,dASER是每个月在美国国家科学院举办的沙龙,他主持该系列活动已逾13载。此外,塔拉塞克还担任亚利桑那州立大学和美国国家科学院联合出版的《科学技术杂志》(Science and Technology Magazine)的艺术顾问。塔拉塞克在美国国家科学院策划了多个展览,其中包括“想象深时”(Imagining deep Time,2014年)、“梦幻解剖学”(Visionary Anatomies,在2004年至2006年期间在史密森学会巡展)、“吸收+传输:迈克与道格·斯塔恩的作品”(Absorption+Transmission:Work by mike and doug Starn)。本文即塔拉塞克为“想象深时”展览撰写的文章,展览中的艺术家以代表了个人艺术探索的多样化的形式探索了“深时”理念。

关键词：美国国家科学院史密森学会联合出版麻省理工学院华盛顿特区塔拉艺术与科学艺术顾问

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新疆高粱种质资源萌发期抗旱性综合评价

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草地学报 2024年第2期32卷 553-561页

作者：岳丽山其米克王卉再吐尼古丽·库尔班毛红艳刘敏新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所新疆乌鲁木齐830091 新疆农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所新疆乌鲁木齐830091

为研究新疆本土高粱(Sorghum)种质资源的抗旱性并筛选萌发期有效抗旱指标,以来源于不同地区的207份高粱种质资源为研究对象,采用PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱胁迫条件,对高粱萌发相关的10个指标进行分析,在主成分分析基础上采用隶属函数法对各... 详细信息

为研究新疆本土高粱(Sorghum)种质资源的抗旱性并筛选萌发期有效抗旱指标,以来源于不同地区的207份高粱种质资源为研究对象,采用PEG-6000溶液模拟干旱胁迫条件,对高粱萌发相关的10个指标进行分析,在主成分分析基础上采用隶属函数法对各高粱品种的抗旱性进行综合评价。结果表明:在干旱胁迫下,高粱的各萌发指标均受到影响。其中,相对发芽势与萌发抗旱指数相关性最强,前3个主成分累计贡献率为78.328%,分别反映高粱在干旱胁迫下的生长、萌发及发育情况。根据综合得分将207份种质划分为5类,即高度抗旱种质12份、抗旱种质28份、中等抗旱种质87份、干旱敏感种质64份和高度敏感种质16份。筛选出高粱萌发期抗旱性鉴定的重要指标为相对芽鲜重、萌发抗旱指数、相对干物质转运率,建立了可准确评估高粱萌发期抗旱性的回归方程,为高粱萌发期抗旱性种质筛选提供理论依据。

关键词：高粱种质干旱胁迫主成分分析萌发期综合评价

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Regeneration status of riparian tree species in two sites that differ in land-use in the Okavango delta,Botswana

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第5期28卷 1073-1082页

作者： Gaolathe Tsheboeng mike Murray-Hudson Keotshephile Kashe Okavango Research Institute

Human communities from the Okavango delta benefit from the services and goods provided by the wetland ecosystem through its riparian vegetation. These include food and timber products used for the construction of shelter and canoes. despite the importance of riparian tree species in the delta, their regeneration structure is currently unknown. For riparian trees to be managed sustainably, information on the current regeneration status of the trees under different land uses is needed. The Moremi game reserve (protected area) and Seronga (communal area) were selected for this study on the regeneration of riparian tree species of Croton megalobotrys Müll. Arg, Philenoptera violacea (Klotzsch) Schrire, Senegalia nigrescens (Acacia nigrescens) Oliv and diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. dc. The height of each individual tree was estimated in randomly selected 30 plots (15 from each site) of 20 × 50 m for assignment to five regeneration classes: 0-0.5, 0.5-1, 1-2, 2-4 and >4 m. Linear regression was used to infer regeneration status of each species. An independent-sample Student’s t test was used to determine any significance differences in seedling density/ha and sapling density/ha between different sites at p diospyros mespiliformis populations had an unstable regeneration structure in both sites, while P. violacea regeneration was stable regardless of land-use type. Croton megalobotrys and S. nigrescens had an unstable regeneration pattern in Seronga, while in Moremi it was stable; thus, the regeneration structure of C. megalobotrys and S. nigrescens is affected by land-use. This result implies that intervention is needed to conserve the two species in Seronga where the current land-use appears to be incompatible with regeneration; d. mespiliformis also needs to be conserved in both Moremi and Seronga.

关键词： Conservation Regeneration Riparian Okavango and wetlands

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