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Functional responses of cougars(Puma concolor)in a multiple prey-species system

Integrative Zoology 2018年第1期13卷 84-93页

作者： Leroy SORIA-DÍAZ mike SFOWLER Octavio MONROY-VILCHIS Daniel ORO Institute of Applied Ecology Autonomous University of TamaulipasVictoria city TamaulipasMexico Department of Biosciences Swansea UniversitySwanseaUK Center for Research in Applied Biological Sciences Autonomous University of the State of MexicoCentro TolucaMexico Population Ecology Group Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies IMEDEA(CSIC-UIB)EsporlesMallorcaSpain

The study of predator-prey interactions is commonly analyzed using functional responses to gain an understanding of predation patterns and the impact they have on prey *** this,little is known about predator-prey systems with multiple prey species in sites near the *** we studied the functional response of cougars(Puma concolor)in relation to their main prey,armadillo(Dasypus novemcinctus),coati(Nasua narica)and white-tailed deer(Odocoileus virginianus).Between 2004 and 2010,cougar scats were collected along 5 transects to estimate the consumption of different prey species.A relative abundance index(RAI)was calculated for each prey species and cougar using 18 camera *** compared Holling type I,II and III functional response models to determine patterns in prey consumption based on the relative abundance and biomass of each prey species *** 3 main prey species comprised 55%(armadillo),17%(coati)and 8%(white-tailed deer)of the *** I and II functional responses described consumption of the 2 most common prey species armadillos and coati similarly well,while a type I response best characterized consumption of white-tailed deer.A negative correlation between the proportions of armadillo versus coati and white-tailed deer biomass in cougar scats suggests switching to consume alternative prey,confirming high foraging plasticity of this *** work represents one of the few studies to compare functional responses across multiple prey species,combined with evidence for prey-switching at low densities of preferred prey.

关键词： cougar functional responses Holling model comparison multiple prey

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Fermion dynamical symmetry and strongly-correlated electrons:A comprehensive model of high-temperature superconductivity

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Frontiers of physics 2020年第4期15卷 35-99页

作者： mike Guidry Yang Sun Lian-Ao Wu Cheng-Li Wu Department of Physics and Astronomy Universilty of TenesseeKnorilleTN 37996USA School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science48011 BilbaoSpainand Department of Theoretical Physics and History of ScienceBasque Country University(EHU/UPV)Post Office Bor 64448080 BilbaoSpain Department of Physics Chung-Yuan Christian UniversityChungliTaiwan 320China

We review application of the SU(4)model of strongly-correlated electrons to cuprate and iron-based superconductors.A minimal self-consistent generalization of BCS theory to incorporate antiferromag-netism on an equal footing with pairing and strong Coulomb repulsion is found to account system-atically for the major features of high-temperature superconductivity,with microscopic details of the parent compounds entering only *** provides a systematic procedure to separate es-sential from peripheral,suggesting that many features exhibited by the high-Te data set are of interest in their own right but are not central to the superconducting *** generally,we propose that the surprisingly broad range of conventional and unconventional superconducting and superfluid behavior observed across many fields of physics results from the systemnatic appearance of similar al-gebraic structures for the emergent ffoctive Harmiltonians,even though the microscopic Harmiltonians of the corresponding parent states may differ radically from each other.

关键词： strongly-correlated electrons SU(4)model fermian dynamical symmetry high-temperature superconductivity

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GLOBAL MANUFACTURING VIRTUAL NETWORK (GMVN): A REVISITING OF THE CONCEPT AFTER THREE YEARS FIELDWORK

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Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2003年第4期12卷 432-448页

作者： Don FLEET mike GREGORY Institute for Manufacturing Engineering Department Cambridge University Cambridge CB2 1RX The United KingdomInstitute for Manufacturing Engineering Department Cambridge University Cambridge CB2 1RX The United Kingdom

The idea of the global manufacturing virtual network (GMVN) was introduced in 2000 in order to highlight an emerging as well as an alternative manufacturing system which will have strong impacts on industry and implications to management theory. During the last three years, more than thirty companies - based in the electronics, bio-pharmaceuticals, garment, and home electronics appliance industries - have been studied in the UK and China. The research project addresses the emergence of the collaborative manufacturing phenomenon at three levels - sector, system and enabling technology. This paper summarises preliminary research findings from fieldwork conducted over the last three years. It seeks to clarify the characteristics and functionality of GMVN through the case studies and to contrast it to other types of business model, such as the multinational corporations (MNC) and international strategic alliances (ISAs). It also raises some new research questions and themes for further research into GMVN.

关键词： Global manufacturing virtual network international supply network collaboration

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Nitroglycerin reduces augmentation index and central blood pressure independent of effects on cardiac preload

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2009年第2期21卷 114-119页

作者： mike Saddon Karen McNeil Philip Chowienczyk Cardiovascular Division King's College London School of MedicineSt Thomas' Hospital

Objective To determine whether reduction in central pressure augmentation and central systolic blood pressure by nitroglycerine (NTG) results from effects on pre-load or is due to arterial dilation. Methods We compared effects of NTG with those of lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Hemodynamic measurements were made at rest,during LBNP (10,20 and 30 mmHg,each for 15 min) and after NTG (10,30 and 100 μg/min,each dose for 15 min) in ten healthy volunteers. Cardiac pre-load,stroke volume and cardiac output were assessed by echocardiography. Central pressure augmentation and central systolic pressure were obtained by radial tonometry using a transfer function. Results LBNP (20 mmHg) and NTG (30 μg/min) reduced pre-load (as measured by the peak velocity of the S wave in the superior vena cava) to a similar degree [by (26.8±3.8)% and (23.9±3.4)%,respectively]. Compared to LBNP,NTG reduced systemic vascular resistance [by (32.9±7.5)%,P<0.01],decreased peripheral and central pressure augmentation [by (20.8±3.4)% units and (12.9±2.9)% units,respectively,each P<0.01]. Conclusion These results suggest that a reduction in pre-load does not explain reduction in pressure augmentation and central systolic blood pressure by NTG and that these effects are mediated through arterial dilation.

关键词： augmentation index central blood pressure nitroglycerine cardiac preload lower body negative pressure

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Spatiotemporal variation in forest fire danger from 1996 to 2010 in Jilin Province,China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第5期28卷 983-996页

作者： Yanlong Shan Yonghe Wang mike Flannigan Shuyuan Tang Pingyan Sun Fengguo Du Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry and Ecological Environment Forestry CollegeBeihua University Northern Forestry Centre Canadian Forest ServiceNatural Resources Canada The Department of Renewable Resources The University of Alberta Forestry College Beihua University Forestry Department of Jilin Province

We evaluated the spatial and temporal patterns of forest fires in two fire seasons (March to June and September to November) from 1996 to 2010 in Jilin Province, China, using the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System. Fire data were obtained from the Provincial Fire Agency, and historical climate records of daily weather observations were collected from 36 weather stations in Jilin and its neighboring provinces. A linear regression model was used to analyze linear trends between climate and fire weather indices with time treated as an independent variable. Correlation analysis was used to detect correlations between fire frequency, areas burned, and fire weather indices. A thin-plate smooth spline model was used to interpolate the point data of 36 weather stations to generate a surface covering the whole province. Our analyses indicated fire frequency and areas burned were significantly correlated with fire weather indices. Overall, the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System appeared to be work well for determining the fire danger rating in Jilin Province. Also, our analyses indicated that in the forthcoming decades, the overall fire danger in March and April should decrease across the province, but the chance of a large fire in these months would increase. The fire danger in the fall fire season would increase in the future, and the chance of large fire would also increase. Historically, because most fires have occurred in the spring in Jilin Province, such a shift in the future fire danger between the two fire seasons would be beneficial for the province's fire management.

关键词： Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System Correlation analysis Human-caused fires Linear regression Thin-plate smooth spline model

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Benign penile skin anomalies in children:a primer for pediatricians

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2015年第4期11卷 316-323页

作者： Marco Castagnetti mike Leonard Luis Guerra Ciro Esposito Marcello Cimador Section of Pediatric Urology Urology UnitUniversity Hospital of PadovaPaduaItaly Department of Surgery Division of Pediatric UrologyChildren's Hospital of Eastern OntarioUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada Department of Pediatrics Federico II University of NaplesItaly Section of Pediatric Urology and Pediatric Surgery Unit Department for Mother&Child Care and UrologyUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly

Background:Abnormalities involving the skin coverage of the penis are diffi cult to defi ne,but they can significantly alter penile appearance,and be a cause of parental *** sources:The present review was based on a non-systematic search of the English language medical literature using a combination of key words including"penile skin anomalies"and the specific names of the different ***:Conditions were addressed in the following order,those mainly affecting the prepuce(phimosis,balanitis xerotica obliterans,balanitis,paraphimosis),those which alter penile configuration(inconspicuous penis and penile torsion),and lastly focal lesions(cysts,nevi and vascular lesions).Most of these anomalies are congenital,have no or minimal influence on urinary function,and can be detected on clinical *** improvement is *** the majority of cases undergoing surgery,the potential psychological implications of genital malformation on patient development are the main reason for treatment,and the age generally recommended for surgery is after 12 months of ***:This review provides the pediatrician with a handy tool to identify the most common penile skin anomalies,counsel parents adequately,make sensible and evidence based choices for management,and recognize complications or untoward outcomes in patients undergoing surgery.

关键词： balanitis xerotica obliterans foreskin penis phimosis

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Review of different fault detection methods and their impact on pre-emptive VSC-HVDC dc protection performance

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High Voltage 2017年第4期2卷 211-219页

作者： Bin Chang Oliver Cwikowski mike Barnes Roger Shuttleworth Antony Beddard Paul Coventry Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute Future Science ParkBeijing 102209People's Republic of China The University of Manchester Oxford RoadManchester M139PLUK National Grid National Grid HouseWarwick CV346DAUK

Multi-terminal voltage-sourced converters(VSC)high-voltage direct current(HVDC)transmission system is expected to play a vital role in future power *** with ac power transmission,dc transmission is more vulnerable to faults due to low dc-side impedances and sensitive power electronics in the *** protection issues must be tackled before any multi-terminal VSC-HVDC grid can be *** multi-terminal VSC-HVDC system is studied in detail using switching models for two-level converters,detailed equivalent models for the modular multi-level converters,detailed hybrid circuit breaker switching models and frequency-dependent phase models for dc *** such high-fidelity system models,a systematic study of HVDC fault protection methodologies in more detail than previous studies is *** is the first comprehensive study that includes pre-emptive circuit breaker *** results presented in this study underline the benefits of such a detailed treatment of the breaker,and of considering it as part of a fast power electronics system rather than isolated dc *** study identifies the best existing fault detection method and tests it *** order to further improve post-fault system recovery response,which is a key but often neglected part of previous studies,a novel bump-less transfer control has been implemented in the converters.

关键词： fault system power

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The Conservation Status and Conservation Strategy of Picea neoveitchii

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2006年第3期4卷 58-64页

作者： Zhang Deshun Kim Yongshik mike Maunder Li Xiufen Shanghai Institute of Landscape Architecture Shanghai 200232 China Department of Landscape Architecture Yeungnam University Republic of Korea Fairchild Tropical Garden Miami FL 33156 USA Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science Shanghai 201106 China

Picea neoveitchii is an endemic species in China. It had been listed as an endangered species in red data books. It scatters in several locations of south slope of the Qinling Mountain of China. Upon reviewing the related literature, discussing with leading scholars on gymnosperm, ecology and plant conservation, the field survey was carried out in four locations. There are eleven mature individuals and two seedlings surviving in its natural habitats. With the survey of quadrat method in four locations, related community index were calculated such as relative important value (RIV), species richness, similarity index, diversity index and evenness index etc. The community could be sorted and characterized as three groups based on the community parameters. The analysis of vegetation table elucidates that Picea neoveitchii is a dominant species with low grouping rate in most surveyed sites. The RAPD analysis shows target species has intraspecific genetic variability. The estimation of Shannon’s phenotypic diversity index (Ho) also explains the difference of genetic variations of different locations. Due to the lack of enough knowledge and professional guide of conservation biological perspective, Picea neoveitchii had been clear-cut for timber production. The extent of occurrence and area of occupancy declined rapidly from 1950s to 1990s. According to the Conservation Category guideline proposed by the World Conservation Union, the conservation status of Picea neoveitchii was reevaluated as Critically Endangered (CR) B2b C2a D. Upon research in areas of ecology, molecular biology, cluster analysis of environmental parameters, a practical conservation strategy is recommended in this research.

关键词： conservation status stratcgy Picea neoveiwhii

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Practical starter pig amino acid requirements in relation to immunity,gut health and growth performance

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第3期5卷 251-261页

作者： Bob Goodband mike Tokach Steve Dritz Joel DeRouchey Jason Woodworth Department of Animal Sciences and Industry Kansas State University Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State University

Immune system activation begins a host of physiological responses. Infectious agents are recognized by monocytes and macrophages which in turn stimulate cytokine production. It is the hormone-like factors called cytokines that orchestrate the immune response. The classic responses observed with immune system activation and cytokine production include： anorexia, fever, lethargy, recruitment of other immune cells, and phagocytosis. While production of immune system components is known to require some amino acids, increases in amino acid requirements are more than offset by the associated decrease in protein accretion and increased muscle protein degradation that also accompanies immune system activation. However, the biggest impact of cytokine production is a decrease in feed intake. Therefore, as feed intake decreases, the energy needed to drive protein synthesis is also decreased. This suggests that diets should still be formulated on a similar calorie：lysine ratio as those formulated for non-immune challenged pigs. The evidence is sparse or equivocal for increasing nutrient requirements during an immune challenge. Nutritionists and swine producers should resist the pressure to alter the diet, limit feed, or add expensive feed additives during an immune challenge. While immune stimulation does not necessitate changes in diet formulation, when pigs are challenged with non-pathogenic diarrhea there are potential advantages on gut health with the increased use of crystalline amino acids rather than intact protein sources （i.e., soybean meal）. This is because reducing crude protein decreases the quantity of fermentable protein entering the large intestine, which lowers post weaning diarrhea. It also lowers the requirement for expensive specialty protein sources or other protein sources such as soybean meal that present immunological challenges to the gut. The objective of this review is two-fold. The first is to discuss immunity by nutrition interactions, or lack thereo

关键词： Amino acids Immunity Pigs Requirements

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Double balloon enteroscopy in children:Diagnosis,treatment,and safety

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第1期16卷 56-62页

作者： mike Thomson Krishnappa Venkatesh Khalid Elmalik Willam van der Veer Maartan Jaacobs Centre for Paediatric Gastroenterology Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust Department of Gastroenterology VU University Medical Center

AIM:To assess the feasibility and utility of double balloon enteroscopy(DBE)in the management of small bowel diseases in children. METHODS:Fourteen patients(10 males)with a median age of 12.9 years(range 8.1-16.7)underwent DBE; 5 for Peutz-Jeghers syndrome(PJ syndrome),2 for chronic abdominal pain,4 for obscure gastrointestinal (GI)bleeding,2 with angiomatous malformations(1 blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome)having persistent GI bleeding,and 1 with Cowden's syndrome with multiple polyps and previous *** procedures were performed under general anesthesia and 3 with deep sedation. RESULTS:The entire small bowel was examined in 6 patients,and a length between 200 cm and 320 cm distal to pylorus in the remaining *** patients had both antegrade(trans-oral)and retrograde(transanal and via ileostomy)*** patient underwent DBE with planned laparoscopic *** remaining 6 had trans-oral examination *** median examination time was 118 min(range 95-195). No complications were *** were detected and successfully removed in all 5 patients with PJ syndrome,in a patient with tubulo-villous adenoma of the duodenum,in a patient with significant anemia and occult bleeding,and in a patient with Cowden's syndrome.A diagnosis was made in a patient with multiple angiomata not amenable to endotherapy,and in 1 with a discrete angioma which was treated with argon plasma *** source of bleeding was identified in a further patient with *** was normal or revealed minor mucosal friability in the remaining 3 *** a diagnostic yield of 11/14 with therapeutic success in 9/14 was achieved. CONCLUSION:Double balloon enteroscopy can be a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool for small bowel disease in children,allowing endo-therapeutic intervention beyond the reach of the conventional endoscope.

关键词： Double balloon enteroscopy Gastrointestinal Peutz Jeghers syndrome Wireless video capsule endoscopy Children

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