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空中英语教室（高级版．彭蒙惠英语） 2013年第5期 31-33,46-47页

作者： by mikael Wood

A Guide to Population Modelling for Simulation

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Open Journal of Modelling and Simulation 2016年第2期4卷 55-92页

作者： Leif Gustafsson mikael Sternad Signals and Systems Department of Engineering and Sciences Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden

This paper outlines the fundamentals of a consistent theory of numerical modelling of a population system under study. The focus is on the systematic work to construct an executable simulation model. There are six fundamental choices of model category and model constituents to make. These choices have a profound impact on how the model is structured, what can be studied, possible introduction of bias, lucidity and comprehensibility, size, expandability, performance of the model, required information about the system studied and its range of validity. The first choice concerns a discrete versus a continuous description of the population system under study—a choice that leads to different model categories. The second choice is the model representation (based on agents, entities, compartments or situations) used to describe the properties and behaviours of the objects in the studied population. Third, incomplete information about structure, transitions, signals, initial conditions or parameter values in the system under study must be addressed by alternative structures and statistical means. Fourth, the purpose of the study must be explicitly formulated in terms of the quantities used in the model. Fifth, irrespective of the choice of representation, there are three possible types of time handling: Event Scheduling, Time Slicing or Micro Time Slicing. Sixth, start and termination criteria for the simulation must be stated. The termination can be at a fixed end time or determined by a logical condition. Population models can thereby be classified within a unified framework, and population models of one type can be translated into another type in a consistent way. Understanding the pros and cons for different choices of model category, representation, time handling etc. will help the modeller to select the most appropriate type of model for a given purpose and population system under study. By understanding the rules for consistent population modelling, an appropriate mo

关键词： Population Model Simulation Methodology Simulation Modelling Theory of Simulation

Heat Treatment Promotes Ubiquitin-Mediated Proteolysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA Polymerase and Decreases Viral Load

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Research 2022年第2期2022卷 41-45页

作者： Yasen Maimaitiyiming Tao Yang Qian Qian Wang Yan Feng Zhi Chen mikael Bjorklund Fudi Wang Chonggao Hu Chih-Hung Hsu Hua Naranmandura Deparment of Public Healh and Department of Hematology of First Afilated Hospital Zhejiang Unvrsity Schoo of MedicineHangzhou 310058China Zhejiang University Cancer Cenler Hangzhou 310058China Deparment of Neurobiology and Depariment of Neurology of the First Afiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicire.NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology School of Brain Science and Brain MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Zhejing Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Hangzhou 310051China State Key Laboratory for Diagrosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Collaborative Innovation Center for DigHosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseaseThe First filiated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina Zhejing Unversity-Univrsity of Edinburgh(ZJU-UoE)Institute Haining 314499ZhejiangChina The First Afiliated Hospital Institute of Trarslational MedicineSchoo of Public HealthZhejiang University School of Medicine.Hangzhou 310058Chima Hengvang Medical School University of South ChinaHengvang 421001China Women's Hospital Institut of Gencticsand Departmrent of Enwironmental Medicine.Zhejiang Universty School of MedicineHangzhou 310006China

Despite extensive eforts,COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is still at *** is an eftive approach to curb virus spread,but several variants(***,delta plus,omicron,and IHU)appear to weaken or possibly escape immune ***,novel and quickly scalable approaches to restrain SARS-CoV-2 are urgently *** evidences showed thermal sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 and negative correlation between environmental temperature and COVID-19 transmission with unknown *** reveal a potential mechanism by which mild heat treatment destabilizes the wild-type RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(also known a nonstructural protein 12(NSP12))of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the P323L mutant commonly found in SARS-CoV-2 variants,including omicron and ***,heat treatment promotes E3 ubiquitin ligase ZNF598-dependent NSP12 ubiquitination leading to proteasomal degradation and significantly decreases SARS-CoV-2 RNA copy number and viral titer.A mild daily heat Ireatment maintains low levels of both wild-type and P323L mutant of NSP12,sugesting clinical ***',this novel mechanism,heat-induced NSP12 degradation,suggests a prospective heat-based intervention against SARS-CoV-2.

关键词： NSP1 mechanism delta

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非均布荷载作用下煤岩力学强度特性试验研究

岩土力学 2017年第3期38卷 723-730页

作者：王晓文志杰 mikael Rinne 沈宝堂谢军山东科技大学矿山灾害预防控制省部共建国家重点试验室培育基地山东青岛266590 阿尔托大学芬兰赫尔辛基fi00076 澳大利亚联邦科学院能源部

考虑不同初始垂向应力、不同初始水平应力及不同应力转移速度条件,借助于自主研发的采动应力试验系统,研究了非均布荷载作用下煤岩体的力学强度特性。研究结果表明:煤岩外部损伤残余块体对煤岩内部力学承载能力具有强化作用,当初始垂向... 详细信息

考虑不同初始垂向应力、不同初始水平应力及不同应力转移速度条件,借助于自主研发的采动应力试验系统,研究了非均布荷载作用下煤岩体的力学强度特性。研究结果表明:煤岩外部损伤残余块体对煤岩内部力学承载能力具有强化作用,当初始垂向应力、初始水平应力、应力转移速度一定时,煤岩内部力学承载能力近似为煤岩外部力学承载能力的2倍;伴随初始垂向应力的增加,煤岩整体后期力学承载能力不断降低,且处于不同初始垂向应力范围,煤岩内、外部后期力学强度递减特征不同,当处于较小初始垂向应力范围时,煤岩外部后期力学强度递减量大于煤岩内部,当处于较大初始垂向应力范围时,煤岩外部后期力学强度递减量小于煤岩内部;初始水平应力越大,煤岩体的力学承载能力越高,且无论较小还是较大初始水平应力范围,煤岩内部后期力学强度增量总大于煤岩外部;伴随应力转移速度的增加,煤岩峰值强度不断升高,应力转移速度对煤岩内部区域力学性质的影响相对较大。

关键词：非均布荷载力学强度初始垂向应力初始水平应力应力转移速度

No difference in mortality among ALPPS,two-staged hepatectomy,and portal vein embolization/ligation:A systematic review by updated traditional and network meta-analyses

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2020年第5期19卷 411-419页

作者： Paschalis Gavriilidis Robert P Sutcliffe Keith J Roberts Madhava Pai Duncan Spalding Nagy Habib Long R Jiao mikael H Sodergren Department of Hepatopanceaticobiliary Surgery Imperial College Healthcare NHS TrustHammersmith HospitalLondon W120HSUK Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Liver Transplant Surgery Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152THUK

Background:There is an ongoing debate on the feasibility,safety,and oncological efficacy of the associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy(ALPPS)*** aim of this study was to compare ALPPS,two-staged hepatectomy(TSH),and portal vein embolization(PVE)/ligation(PVL)using updated traditional meta-analysis and network meta-analysis(NMA).Data sources:Electronic databases were used in a systematic literature *** traditional metaanalysis and NMA were performed and *** and major morbidity were selected as primary ***:Nineteen studies including 1200 patients were selected from the pool of 436 *** these patients,315(31%)and 702(69%)underwent ALPPS and portal vein occlusion(PVO),*** mortality based on updated traditional meta-analysis,subgroup analysis of the randomized controlled trials(RCTs),and both Bayesian and frequentist NMA did not demonstrate significant differences between the ALPPS cohort and the PVE,PVL,and TSH ***,analysis of RCTs did not demonstrate significant differences of major morbidity between the ALPPS and PVO *** ALPPS cohort demonstrated significantly more favorable outcomes in hypertrophy parameters,time to operation,definitive hepatectomy,and R0 margins rates compared with the PVO *** contrast,1-year disease-free survival was significantly higher in the PVO cohort compared to the ALPPS ***:This study is the first to use updated traditional meta-analysis and both Bayesian and frequentist NMA and demonstrated no significant differences in 90-day mortality between the ALPPS and other hepatic hypertrophy ***,two high quality RCTs including 147 patients demonstrated no significant differences in major morbidity between the ALPPS and PVO cohorts.

关键词： ALPPS Hepatectomy Portal vein embolization Portal vein ligation Network meta-analysis

Radiofrequency combined with immunomodulation for hepatocellular carcinoma: State of the art and innovations

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第17期26卷 2040-2048页

作者： Adriano Carneiro da Costa mikael Sodergren Kumar Jayant Fernando Santa Cruz Duncan Spalding Madhava Pai Nagy Habib Department of Surgery and Cancer Faculty of MedicineHammersmith HospitalImperial College LondonLondon W120NNUnited Kingdom

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common primary liver tumor and has been considered a very immunogenic *** treatment with radiofrequency ablation(RFA)has been established as the standard ablative therapy for early HCC,and is currently recognized as the main ablative tool for HCC tumors<5 cm in size;however,progression and local recurrence remain the main disadvantages of this *** solve this clinical problem,recent efforts were concentrated on multimodal treatment,combining different strategies,including the combination of RFA and *** article reviewed the combination treatment of RFA with immunotherapy and found that this treatment strategy leads to an increased response of anti-tumor T cells,significantly reduces the risk of recurrence and improves survival rates compared to RFA *** review highlighted scientific evidence that supports the current recommendations for pre-clinical studies,and discuss the need for further research on this topic.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Radiofrequency ablation Immunotherapy Liver cancer Combined modality therapy State-of-the-art review

Can the Shanghai LNG Price Index indicate Chinese market?An econometric investigation using price discovery theory

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Frontiers in Energy 2020年第4期14卷 726-739页

作者： Yeli ZENG Cong DONG mikael HOOK Jinhua SUN Danyang SHI School of Economics and Management China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China School of International Trade and Economics University of International Business and EconomicsBeijing 100029China Department of Earth Sciences Uppsala UniversityUppsala 75105Sweden Crude Oil Department Petro China International Co.Ltd.Beijing 100033China

China became the world's second largest liquefied natural gas(LNG)importer in 2018 but has faced extremely high import costs due to a lack of bargaining *** of the Shanghai LNG Price Index,first released in 2015,are vital for improving the understanding of these cost *** paper,using the LNG price index data from the Shanghai Petroleum and Gas Exchange(SHPGX)coupled with domestic and international LNG prices from July 1,2015 to December 31,2018,estimates several econometric models to evaluate the long-term and short-term equilibriums of the Shanghai LNG Price Index,the responses to market information shocks and the leading or lagging relationships with LNG and alternative energy prices from other *** results show that the LNG price index of the SHPGX has already exhibited a long-term equilibrium and short-term adjustment mechanisms to reflect the average price level and market movements,but the market information transparency and price discovery efficiency of the index are still ***'s LNG market is still relatively independent of other natural gas markets,and marketization reforms are under way in *** influence of the SHPGX LNG price index on the trading decisions of market participants is expected to improve with further development of China's LNG reforms,the formation of a natural gas entry-exit system,and the increasing liquidity of the hub.

关键词： liquefied natural gas price index Shanghai Petroleum and Gas Exchange price discovery market reforms

Chromosome-level genome assembly of the diploid blueberry Vaccinium darrowii provides insights into its subtropical adaptation and cuticle synthesis

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Plant Communications 2022年第4期3卷 105-123页

作者： Fuqiang Cui Xiaoxue Ye Xiaoxiao Li Yifan Yang Zhubing Hu Kirk Overmyer mikael Brosche Hong Yu Jarkko Salojarvi College of Forestry and Biotechnology State Key Laboratory of Subtropical SilvicultureZhejiang A&F UniversityLin’anHangzhou 311300China Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops Institute of Tropical Bioscience and BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikouHainan 571101China School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciencesand the Viikki Plant Science CentreUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 65(Viikinkaari 1)00014 HelsinkiFinland Institute of Botany Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology Department of BiologyInstitute of Plant Stress BiologyHenan UniversityKaifengChina

Vaccinium darrowii is a subtropical wild blueberry species that has been used to breed economically important southern highbush *** adaptive traits of *** to subtropical climates can provide valuable information for breeding blueberry and perhaps other plants,especially against the background of global ***,we assembled the *** genome into 12 pseudochromosomes using Oxford Nanopore long reads complemented with Hi-C scaffolding technologies,and we predicted 41815 genes using RNA-sequencing *** analysis across three Vaccinium species revealed a highly conserved genome structure,with the highest collinearity between *** and Vaccinium *** conserved genome structure may explain the high fertility observed during crossbreeding of *** with other blueberry *** of gene expansion and tandem duplication indicated possible roles for defense-and flowering-associated genes in the adaptation of *** to the *** SOC1 genes in *** were identified based on phylogeny and expression *** are covered in a thick cuticle layer and contain anthocyanins,which confer their powdery blue *** RNA sequencing,we delineated the cuticle biosynthesis pathways of Vaccinium species in *** result can serve as a reference for breeding berries whose colors are appealing to *** *** reference genome,together with the unique traits of this species,including its diploid genome,short vegetative phase,and high compatibility in hybridization with other blueberries,make *** a potential research model for blueberry species.

关键词： Vaccinium darrowii blueberry genome sequence cuticle subtropical adaptation

On the Importance of Sanitary Sewer Overflow on the Total Discharge of Microplastics from Sewage Water

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2019年第9期10卷 1105-1118页

作者： Christian Baresel mikael Olshammar IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Stockholm Sweden

The paper provides an investigation and understanding of the significance of various wastewater flows on microplastics retainment and emission to the environment. WWTPs and sewer overflows as an important pathway of microplastics to the environment are assessed by considering the removal of microplastics in WWTPs with different treatment processes and several sewer overflow types and their contribution to microplastic loads to recipients. On the example of the Baltic Sea basin, presented results indicate a considerable discharge of microplastic from WWTPs despite the relatively good overall removal efficiency. Results show that the discharge of microplastics from sewer overflows can be in the same magnitude as from treated wastewater although the total flow is much lower than that of treated wastewater. Sewer overflow events frequently occur and are expected to increase due to climate change and urbanization, unless infrastructure is adapted. At the same time, sewer overflows are often neglected in conventional wastewater handling.

关键词： Microplastics Wastewater Treatment Sanitary Sewer Overflow Emissions Baltic Sea Basin

Increased expression of regulatory T cell-associated markers in recent-onset diabetic children

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Open Journal of Immunology 2011年第3期1卷 57-64页

作者： mikael Pihl mikael Chéramy Jenny Mjosberg Johnny Ludvigsson Rosaura Casas Division of Pediatrics and Diabetes Research Center Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineLinkoping UniversityLinkopingSweden Division of Clinical Immunology Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineLinkoping UniversityLinkopingSweden

CD4+CD25hi T cells are thought to be crucial for the maintenance of immunological tolerance to self antigens. In this study, we investigated the frequencies of these cells in the early stage of type 1 diabetes, as well as in a setting of possible pre-diabetic autoimmunity. Hence, the expression of FOXP3, CTLA-4, and CD27 in CD4+ CD25hi T cells was analyzed using flow cytometry in 14 patients with recent onset type 1 diabetes, in 9 at-risk individuals, and 9 healthy individuals with no known risk for type 1 diabetes. Our results show there were no differences in the frequency of CD4+CD25hi cells between groups. However, compared to controls, recent-onset type 1 diabetic patients had higher expression of FOXP3, CTLA-4, and CD27 in CD4+ CD25hi cells from peripheral blood. The median fluorescence intensity of FOXP3 was significantly higher in CD4+CD25hi cells from patients with type 1 diabetes than from controls. Furthermore, a positive correlation between the frequency of FOXP3+ cells and the median fluorescence intensity of FOXP3 was observed among patients with type 1 diabetes. These data suggest that the frequency of CD4+CD25hi FOXP3+ T cells in the periphery is not decreased but rather increased at onset of type 1 diabetes. Thus, functional deficiencies rather than reduced numbers of CD4+CD25hi cells could contribute to the development of type 1 diabetes.

关键词： Regulatory T cells Type 1 Diabetes Autoantibodies