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Interactions between maternal parity and feed additives drive the composition of pig gut microbiomes in the post‑weaning period

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1241-1257页

作者： Kayla Law Eduardo Rosa Medina Garcia Chad Hastad Deborah Murray Pedro E.Urriola Andres gomez Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota1364 Eckles AvenueSaint PaulMN 55108USA New Fashion Pork 164 Industrial ParkwayJacksonMN 56143USA

Background Nursery pigs undergo stressors in the post-weaning period that result in production and welfare *** challenges disproportionately impact the offspring of primiparous sows compared to those of mul-tiparous *** is known regarding potential interactions between parity and feed additives in the post-weaning period and their effects on nursery pig ***,the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal parity on sow and offspring microbiomes and the influence of sow parity on pig fecal microbi-ome and performance in response to a prebiotic *** weaning,piglets were allotted into three treat-ment groups:a standard nursery diet including pharmacological doses of Zn and Cu(Con),a group fed a commercial prebiotic only(Preb)based on an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract,and a group fed the same prebiotic plus Zn and Cu(Preb+ZnCu).Results Although there were no differences in vaginal microbiome composition between primiparous and mul-tiparous sows,fecal microbiome composition was different(R^(2)=0.02,P=0.03).The fecal microbiomes of primiparous offspring displayed significantly higher bacterial diversity compared to multiparous offspring at d 0 and d 21 post-weaning(P<0.01),with differences in community composition observed at d 21(R^(2)=0.03,P=0.04).When analyzing the effects of maternal parity within each treatment,only the Preb diet triggered significant microbiome distinc-tions between primiparous and multiparous offspring(d 21:R^(2)=0.13,P=0.01;d 42:R^(2)=0.19,P=0.001).Composi-tional differences in pig fecal microbiomes between treatments were observed only at d 21(R^(2)=0.12,P=0.001).Pigs in the Con group gained significantly more weight throughout the nursery period when compared to those in the Preb+ZnCu *** Nursery pig gut microbiome composition was influenced by supplementation with an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract,with varying effects on performance

关键词： Aspergillus prebiotic Copper Feed additives Maternal Nursery pig microbiome Parity Swine microbiome Trace minerals Zinc

Effect of organic mineral supplementation in reducing oxidative stress in Holstein calves during short‑term heat stress and recovery conditions

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 812-825页

作者： A-Rang Son Seon-Ho Kim Mahfuzul Islam Michelle miguel Ye Pyae Naing Sang-Suk Lee Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory Department of Animal Science and TechnologySunchon National UniversitySuncheon 57922Korea Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural UniversityDhaka 1207Bangladesh

Background This study investigated the effects of inorganic and organic minerals on physiological responses,oxidative stress reduction,and rumen microbiota in Holstein bull calves(123.81±9.76 kg;5 months old)during short-term heat stress(HS)and recovery *** Holstein calves were randomly assigned to four treatment groups:no mineral supplementation(Con),inorganic minerals(IM),organic minerals(OM),and high-concentration organic minerals(HOM)and two thermal environments(HS and recovery)using 4×2 factorial arrangement in a crossover design of four periods of 35 *** were maintained in a temperature-controlled *** experimental period consisted of 14 d of HS,14 d of recovery condititon,and a 7-d washing *** Body temperature and respiration rate were higher in HS than in the recovery conditions(P0.05).The principal coordinate analysis represented that the overall rumen microbiota was not influenced by mineral supplementation;however,temperature-induced microbial structure shifts were indicated(PERMANOVA:P<0.05).At the phylum level,Firmicutes and Actinobacteria decreased,whereas Fibrobacteres,Spirochaetes,and Tenericutes increased(P<0.05),under HS *** genus Treponema increased under HS conditions,while Christensenella was higher in recovery conditions(P<0.05).Conc

关键词： Antioxidant status Heat stress Holstein bull calves Organic mineral supplementation Oxidative stress

Analysis of a passive ankle exoskeleton for reduction of metabolic costs during walking

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第7期37卷 62-68页

作者： Luís Quinto Pedro Pinheiro Sergio B.Goncalves Ivo Roupa Paula Simoes miguel Tavares da Silva CINAMIL Academia MilitarInstituto Universitario MilitarLisbonPortugal IDMEC Instituto Superior TecnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal

Modern conflicts demand substantial physical and psychological exertion,often resulting in fatigue and diminished combat or operational *** exoskeletons have been developed recently to address these challenges,presenting various limitations that affect their operational or everyday *** article evaluates the performance of a dual-purpose passive ankle exoskeleton developed for the reduction of metabolic costs during walking,seeking to identify a force element that could be applied to the target *** on the 6-min walk test,twenty-nine subjects participated in the study using three different force *** results indicate that it is possible to reduce metabolic expenditure while using the developed ***,the comfort and range of motion results verify the exoskeleton's suitability for use in uneven terrain and during extended ***,the choice of the force element should be tailored to each user,and the control system should be adjustable to optimise the exoskeleton's performance.

关键词： Ankle passive exoskeleton Metabolic cost reduction Dual-use exoskeleton Gait Biomechanics

Brillouin expanded time-domain analysis based on dual optical frequency combs

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第8期13卷 1534-1544页

作者： Jae Hyeong Youn Kwang Yong Song Sonia Martin-Lopez miguel Gonzalez-Herraez María R.Fernández-Ruiz Dept.of Physics Chung-Ang UniversitySeoulKorea Dept.of Electronics Universidad de AlcaláMadridSpain

Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis(BOTDA)is a widely-used distributed optical fiber sensing technology employing pulse-modulated pump waves for local information retrieval of the Brillouin gain or loss *** spatial resolution of BOTDA systems is intrinsically linked to pulse duration,so high-resolution measurements demand high electronic bandwidths inversely proportional to the *** paper introduces Brillouin Expanded Time-Domain Analysis(BETDA)as a modified BOTDA system,simultaneously achieving high spatial resolution and low detection *** two optical frequency combs(OFCs)with different frequency intervals as pump and probe,local Brillouin gain spectra are recorded by their spectral beating traces in an expanded time domain.A 2-cm-long hotspot located in a 230m single-mode fiber is successfully measured in the time domain with a detection bandwidth of less than 100 kHz using dual OFCs with tailored spectral phase,line spacing,and bandwidth.

关键词： pump optical fiber

Dynamical study of varicella-zoster virus model in sense of Mittag-Leffler kernel

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2024年第3期17卷 153-183页

作者： Qura Tul Ain Aziz Khan Thabet Abdeljawad J.F.gomez-Aguilar Saleem Riaz Department of Mathematics Guizhou University GuiyangGuizhou 550025P.R.China Department of Mathematics and Sciences Prince Sultan University P.O.Bor 66833 11586 RiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Medical Research China Medical University Taichung 40402Taiwan CONACyT-Tecnologico Nacional de Mécico/CENIDET Interior Internado Palmira S/N Col.Palmira C.P.62490CuernavacaMorelosMécico IConsejo Academico Universidad Virtual CNCIMonterreyMécico School of Automation Northwestern Polytechnical University 170072 Xian P.R.China

The primary varicella-zoster virus(VzV)infection that causes chickenpox(also known as varicella),spreads quickly among people and,in severe circumstances,can cause to fever and *** this paper,the Mittag-Leffler fractional operator is used to examine the mathematical representation of the *** fractional-order differential equations are created in terms of the disease's dynamical analysis such as S:Susceptible,V:Vaccinated,E:Exposed,I:Infectious and R:*** derive the existence criterion,positive solution,Hyers-Ulam stability,and boundedness of results in order to examine the suggested fractional-order model's ***,some numerical examples for the VzV model of various fractional orders are shown with the aid of the generalized Adams-Bashforth-Moulton approach to show the viability of the obtained results.

关键词： Varicella-zoster virus model Hyers-Ulam stability ABC fractional operator Schauder fix point theory numerical analysis

Pollen analysis reveals the effects of uncovered interactions,pollen-carrying structures,and pollinator sex on the structure of wild bee-plant networks

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 971-988页

作者： Clément Tourbez Carmelo Gómez-Martínez miguelÁngel Gonzalez-Estévez Amparo Lazaro Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies(UIB-CSIC) Global Change Research GroupEsporlesBalearic IslandsSpain Department of Biology Ecology AreaUniversity of the Balearic/slandsPalmaSpain

Pollination networks are increasingly used to model the complexity of interactions between pollinators and flowering plants in *** methods exist to sample these interactions,with direct observations of plant-pollinator contacts in the field being by far the most *** the identification of pollen carried by pollinators allows uncovering interactions and increasing sample sizes,the methods used to build pollen-transport networks are variable and their effect on network structure remains *** understand how interaction sampling influences the structure of networks,we analyzed the pollen found on wild bees from eight communities across Mallorca Island and investigated the differences in pollen loads between bee body parts(scopa ***)and *** then assessed how these differences,as well as the uncovered interactions not detected in the field,influenced the structure of wild bee-plant *** identified a higher quantity and diversity of pollen in the scopa than in the rest of the female body,but these differences did not lead to differences in structure between plant-pollination(excluding scopa pollen)and bee-feeding interaction(including scopa pollen)***,networks built with pollen data were richer in plant species and interactions and showed lower modularity and specialization(H2'),and higher nestedness than visitation networks based on field *** interactions with plants were stronger compared to those of males,although not ***,females were more generalist(low d')and tended to be more central in interaction networks,indicating their more key role structuring pollination networks in comparison to *** study highlights the importance of palynological data to increase the resolution of networks,as well as to understand important ecological questions such as the differences between plant-pollination and bee-feeding interaction networks,and the role of sexes in pollination.

关键词： palynology pollen-transport networks pollination role of bee sexes sampling methodology visitation networks

Vertical Displacement Measurement in a Slow-Moving Sinkhole Using BOTDA

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Photonic Sensors 2024年第1期14卷 23-39页

作者： Pascual SEVIllano Javier PRECIADO-GARBAYO Jorge SEVIL Francisco GUTIERREZ Juan JMARTiNEZ Sonia MARTiN-LOPEZ miguel GONZALEZ-HERRAEZ Aragon Institute of Engineering Research(I3A) Universidad de ZaragozaZaragoza 50018Spain Electronic Enginering and Communicaton Dpartment EINAUniversidad de ZaragzaZaragza 50018Spain Aragon Photonics Labs. Zaragoza 50009Spain Department of Earth Sciences Universidad de ZaragozaZaragoza 50009Spain Department of Electronics Escuela Politecnica SuperiorUniversidad de AlcalaMadrid 28805Spain

The effectiveness of monitoring and early-warning systems for ground deformation phenomena,such as sinkholes,depends on their ability to accurately resolve the ongoing ground displacement and detect the subtle deformation preceding catastrophic *** sinkholes with a slow subsidence rate and diffuse edges pose a significant challenge for subsidence monitoring due to the low deformation rates and limited lateral strain *** this work,we satisfactorily illustrate the practicality of the Brillouin optical time domain analysis(BOTDA)to measure the spatial-temporal patterns of the vertical displacement in such challenging slow-moving sagging *** assess the performance of the approach,we compare the strain recorded by the distributed optical fiber sensor with the vertical displacement measured by high-precision *** results show a good spatial correlation with the ability to identify the maximum subsidence *** is also a good temporal correlation with the detection of an acceleration phase in the subsidence associated with a flood event.

关键词： Distributed fiber optic sensing(DFOS) vertical displacement measurement slow subsidence rate sinkhole hazard early-warning system

Cardiovascular risk burden and disability:findings from the International Mobility in Aging Study(IMIAS)

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第3期21卷 331-339页

作者： Juan-David Martinez-Aristizábal Carmen-Lucia Curcio Juliana Fernandes Afshin Vafael Cristiano dos Santos Gomes Fernando gomez Internal Medicine Critical Care DepartmentPablo Tobón Uribe HospitalMedellínColombia Research Group in Geriatrics and Gerontology Faculty of Health SciencesUniversidad de CaldasManizalesColombia Laboratory of Physical Therapy and Collective Health Physical Therapy DepartmentFederal University of PernambucoJornalista Aníbal Fernandes Avenue RecifeBrazil Department of Public Health Sciences Queen’s UniversityKingstonONCanada Department of Physiotherapy University of PernambucoBR 203KmBrazil

BACKGROUND The association of cardiovascular risk burden with disability is *** examined the association between trajectories of the Framingham general cardiovascular disease risk score(FGCRS)with the trajectories of limitations of physical function in older *** A total of 1219 participants with no disabilities from the International Mobility in Aging Study(IMIAS)study who had up to three repeated measures of FGCRS between 2012–2016 and without a history of stroke or coronary heart disease at baseline and follow-up were *** at baseline was assessed and categorized into *** function was evaluated with the Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB).The data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects *** At baseline,FGCRS ranged between 3–94(mean score:24±15.8),participants were 32(2.6%),502(41.2%)and 685(56.2%)in lowest,middle,and highest tertiles,*** the trajectories of limitations of physical function,the lowest FGCRS had no differences,while the middle and highest had a decrease in physical performance between 2012–2014(P=0.0001).Age,being female,living in Andes Mountains,having middle and highest FGCRS,higher alcohol consumption,being obese,lack of exercise and cognitive impairment increase the probability of disability(P<0.05).Alternatively,living in more developed regions and having a higher educational level reduced the probability of disability during the follow-up time(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS Higher cardiovascular risk burden is associated with decreased physical performance,especially in *** suggest SPPB may provide a measure of cardiovascular health in older adults.

关键词： finding Battery burden

Towards trustworthy multi-modal motion prediction:Holistic evaluation and interpretability of outputs

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第3期9卷 557-572页

作者： Sandra Carrasco Limeros Sylwia Majchrowska Joakim Johnander Christoffer Petersson miguelÁngel Sotelo David Fernández Llorca Computer Engineering Department Polytechnic SchoolUniversity of AlcalaMadridSpain AI Sweden GothenburgSweden Zenseact AB GothenburgSweden Department of Electrical Engineering Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden Chalmers University of Technology GothenburgSweden European Commission Joint Research CentreSevilleSpain

Predicting the motion of other road agents enables autonomous vehicles to perform safe and efficient path *** task is very complex,as the behaviour of road agents depends on many factors and the number of possible future trajectories can be consid-erable(multi-modal).Most prior approaches proposed to address multi-modal motion prediction are based on complex machine learning systems that have limited ***,the metrics used in current benchmarks do not evaluate all aspects of the problem,such as the diversity and admissibility of the *** authors aim to advance towards the design of trustworthy motion prediction systems,based on some of the re-quirements for the design of Trustworthy Artificial *** focus is on evaluation criteria,robustness,and interpretability of ***,the evaluation metrics are comprehensively analysed,the main gaps of current benchmarks are identified,and a new holistic evaluation framework is ***,a method for the assessment of spatial and temporal robustness is introduced by simulating noise in the perception *** enhance the interpretability of the outputs and generate more balanced results in the proposed evaluation framework,an intent prediction layer that can be attached to multi-modal motion prediction models is *** effectiveness of this approach is assessed through a survey that explores different elements in the visualisation of the multi-modal trajectories and *** proposed approach and findings make a significant contribution to the development of trustworthy motion prediction systems for autono-mous vehicles,advancing the field towards greater safety and reliability.

关键词： autonomous vehicles evaluation interpretability multi-modal motion prediction robustness trustworthy AI