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Simultaneous optimization of even flow and land and timber value in forest planning:a continuous approach

Forest ecosystems 2021年第4期8卷 645-658页

作者： Jose M.Gonzalez-Gonzalez Miguel E.Vazquez-Mendez Ulises Dieguez-Aranda Departamento de enxenaria Agroforestal Universidade de Santiago de Compostela.Escola Politecnica Superior de EnxenariaR/Benigno Ledo27002 LugoSpain Departamento de Matematica Aplicada Instituto de MatematicasUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela.Escola Politecnica Superior de EnxenariaR/Benigno Ledo27002 LugoSpain

Background:Forest management planning involves deciding which silvicultural treatment should be applied to each stand and at what time to best meet the objectives established for the forest.For this,many mathematical formulations have been proposed,both within the linear and non-linear programming frameworks,in the latter case generally considering integer variables in a combinatorial manner.We present a novel approach for planning the management of forests comprising single-species,even-aged stands,using a continuous,multi-objective formulation(considering economic and even flow)which can be solved with gradient-type methods.Results:The continuous formulation has proved robust in forest with different structures and different number of stands.The results obtained show a clear advantage of the gradient-type methods over heuristics to solve the problems,both in terms of computational time(efficiency)and in the solution obtained(effectiveness).Their improvement increases drastically with the dimension of the problem(number of stands).Conclusions:It is advisable to rigorously analyze the mathematical properties of the objective functions involved in forest management planning models.The continuous bi-objective model proposed in this paper works with smooth enough functions and can be efficiently solved by using gradient-type techniques.The advantages of the new methodology are summarized as:it does not require to set management prescriptions in advance,it avoids the division of the planning horizon into periods,and it provides better solutions than the traditional combinatorial formulations.Additionally,the graphical display of trade-off information allows an a posteriori articulation of preferences in an intuitive way,therefore being a very interesting tool for the decision-making process in forest planning.

关键词： even-aged forest management Forest-level optimization Continuous optimization Gradient-type algorithms

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Brain-machine-brain interfaces as the foundation for the next generation of neuroprostheses

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National Science Review 2022年第10期9卷 8-10页

作者： miguel A.L.Nicolelis Department of Neurobiology Duke University International Institute of Neuroscience edmond and Lily Safra

Back in 2011,my laboratory at the Duke University Center for Neuroengineering proposed a new variation on the already-classic paradigm known as brain-machine interfaces (BMIs)[1].In a series of experiments [2],we showed that monkeys could not only learn to employ electrical signals from large neuronal ensembles (300-700 neurons)located in the primary motor cortex(M1) to control the movements of an avatar arm and hand—i.***.using a typical BMI paradigm—but that they could also interpret in real time,streams of electrical signals delivered directly to their primary somatosensory cortex (S1) via cortical microstimulation.This strategy was created to allow these monkeys to perform a tactile discrimination task,without any interference from their physical bodies.Thus,instead of using their real finger tips to perform such a task,this approach allowed our monkeys to use their brain activity to directly control the movements of’virtual finger tips to scan the texture of a series of virtual objects.Upon receiving,via cortical microstimulation,electrical signals directly into their S1 that were proportional to the virtual surface textures of these objects,the monkeys learned to quickly select the correct object that they needed to identify to receive a reward.essentially,

关键词： SPINAL-CORD STIMULATION

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The use of Artificial Neural Networks to estimate seismic damage and derive vulnerability functions for traditional masonry

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil engineering 2020年第3期14卷 609-622页

作者： Tiago miguel FeRReIRA Joao eSTeVAO Rui MAIO Romeu VICeNTe ISISe Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability(IB-S)Department of Civil EngineeringUniversity of MinhoGuimaraes 4800-058Portugal Department of Civil engineering University of AlgarveFaro 8005-139Portugal RISCO Department of Civil EngineeringUniversity of AveiroAveiro 3810-193Portugal

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the adoption of Artificial Intelligence-based techniques to estimate seismic damage,not with the goal of replacing existing approaches,but as a mean to improve the precision of empirical methods.For such,damage data collected in the aftermath of the 1998 Azores earthquake(Portugal)is used to develop a comparative analysis between damage grades obtained resorting to a classic damage formulation and an innovative approach based on Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs).The analysis is carried out on the basis of a vulnerability index computed with a hybrid seismic vulnerability asssment methodology,which is subsequently used as input to both approaches.The results obtained are then compared with real post-earthquake damage observation and critically discussed taking into account the level of adjustment achieved by each approach.Finally,a computer routine that uses the ANN as an approximation function is developed and applied to derive a new vulnerability curve expression.In general terms,the ANN developed in this study allowed to obtain much better approximations than those achieved with the original vulnerability approach,which has revealed to be quite non-conservative.Similarly,the proposed vulnerability curve expression was found to provide a more accurate damage prediction than the traditional analytical expressions.

关键词： Artificial Neural Networks seismic vulnerability masonry buildings damage estimation,vulnerability curves

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An update on the molecular biology of glioblastoma,with clinical implications and progress in its treatment

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Cancer Communications 2022年第11期42卷 1083-1111页

作者： elena Verdugo Iker Puerto miguelÁngel Medina Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry University of MálagaMálagaMálaga E-29071Spain Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga(IBIMA-Plataforma Bionand) MálagaMálaga E-29071Spain Spanish Biomedical Research Network Center for Rare Diseases(CIBeReR) Spanish Health Institute Carlos III(ISCIII)MálagaMálaga E-29071Spain

Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is the most aggressive and common malig-nant primary brain tumor.Patients with GBM often have poor prognoses,with a median survival of∼15 months.enhanced understanding of the molecular biology of central nervous system tumors has led to modifications in their classifications,the most recent of which classified these tumors into new categories and made some changes in their nomenclature and grading system.This review aims to give a panoramic view of the last 3 years’findings in glioblastoma characterization,its heterogeneity,and current advances in its treatment.Several molecular parameters have been used to achieve an accurate and personalized characterization of glioblastoma in patients,including epigenetic,genetic,transcriptomic and metabolic features,as well as age-and sex-related patterns and the involvement of several noncoding RNAs in glioblastoma progression.Astrocyte-like neural stem cells and outer radial glial-like cells from the subven-tricular zone have been proposed as agents involved in GBM of IDH-wildtype origin,but this remains controversial.Glioblastoma metabolism is characterized by upregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway,promotion of the gly-colytic flux,maintenance of lipid storage,and other features.This metabolism also contributes to glioblastoma’s resistance to conventional therapies.Tumor heterogeneity,a hallmark of GBM,has been shown to affect the genetic expresion,modulation of metabolic pathways,and immune system evasion.GBM’s aggressive invasion potential is modulated by cell-to-cell crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment and altered expressions of specific genes,such as ANXA2,GBP2,FN1,PHIP,and GLUT3.Nevertheless,the rising number of active clinical trials illustrates the efforts to identify new targets and drugs to treat this malignancy.Immunotherapy is still relevant for research purposes,given the amount of ongoing clinical trials based on this strategy to treat GBM,and neoantigen and nucleic acid-based vaccines are gaining importance due

关键词： cancer molecular biology diagnosis glioblastoma multiforme ongoing clinical trials targeted therapy tumor heterogeneity tumor metabolism

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NDRank: optimised parallel search for weather analogues

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Big earth Data 2023年第2期7卷 276-297页

作者： David Martins miguel Ferreira João Nuno Silva Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal Caravela energy Partners DarienConnecticutUSA Distributed Parallel and Secure Systems GroupINESC-ID LisboaLisboaPortugal

Global meteorology data are now widely used in various areas, but one of its applications, weather analogues, still require exhaustive searches on the whole historical data. We present two optimisations for the state-of-the-art weather analogue search algorithms: a parallelization and a heuristic search. The heuristic search (NDRank) limits of the final number of results and does initial searches on a lower resolution dataset to find candidates that, in the second phase, are locally validated. These optimisations were deployed in the Cloud and evaluated with eRA5 data from eCMWF. The proposed parallelization attained speedups close to optimal, and NDRank attains speedups higher than 4. NDRank can be applied to any parallel search, adding similar speedups. A substantial number of executions returned a set of analogues similar to the existing exhaustive search and most of the remaining results presented a numerical value difference lower than 0.1%. The results demonstrate that it is now possible to search for weather analogues in a faster way (even compared with parallel searches) with results with little to no error. Furthermore, NDRank can be applied to existing exhaustive searches, providing faster results with small reduction of the precision of the results.

关键词： Multidimensional arrays weather analogues search parallel computing algorithm optimisation

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Comparative mitogenome phylogeography of two anteater genera (Tamandua and Myrmecophaga;Myrmecophagidae, Xenarthra): evidence of discrepant evolutionary traits

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Zoological Research 2021年第5期42卷 525-547页

作者： Manuel Ruiz-García Daniel Pinilla-Beltrán Oscar e.Murillo-García Christian miguel Pinto Jorge Brito Joseph Mark Shostell Laboratorio de Genética de Poblaciones Molecular-Biología evolutiva Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasPontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotáDC 110231Colombia Grupo de Investigación en ecología Animal Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y ExactasUniversidad del ValleApartado AéreoCali 25360Colombia Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas Escuela Politécnica NacionalQuito 17012759Ecuador Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad(INABIO) Quito 170135Ecuador Math Science and Technology DepartmentUniversity of Minnesota CrookstonCrookstonMN 56716USA

The species within Xenarthra(sloths,anteaters,and armadillos)are quintessential South American mammals.Of the three groups,Vermilingua(anteaters)contains the fewest extant and paleontological species.Here,we sampled and sequenced the entire mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes)of two Tamandua species(Tamandua tetradactyla and T.mexicana)(n=74)from Central and South America,as well as Myrmecophaga tridactyla(n=41)from South America.Within Tamandua,we detected three different haplogroups.The oldest(THI)contained many specimens with the T.tetradactyla morphotype(but also several with the T.mexicana morphotype)and originated in southeastern South America(currently Uruguay)before moving towards northern South America,where the THII haplogroup originated.THII primarily contained specimens with the T.mexicana morphotype(but also several with the T.tetradactyla morphotype)and was distributed in Central America,Colombia,and ecuador.THI and THII yielded a genetic distance of 4%.THII originated in either northern South America or“in situ”in Central America with haplogroup THIII,which consisted of~50%T.mexicana and 50%T.tetradactyla phenotypes.THIII was mostly located in the same areas as THII,i.e.,Central America,ecuador,and Colombia,though mainly in the latter.The three haplogroups overlapped in Colombia and ecuador.Thus,T.tetradactyla and T.mexicana were not reciprocally monophyletic.For this reason,we considered that a unique species of Tamandua likely exists,i.e.,T.tetradactyla.In contrast to Tamandua,M.tridactyla did not show different morphotypes throughout its geographical range in the Neotropics.However,two very divergent genetic haplogroups(MHI and MHII),with a genetic distance of~10%,were detected.The basal haplogroup,MHI,originated in northwestern South America,whereas the more geographically derived haplogroup,MHII,overlapped with MHI,but also expanded into central and southern South America.Thus,Tamandua migrated from south to north whereas Myrmecophaga migrated from north to south.Our results also showed that tem

关键词： Anteaters Genetic diversity Mitogenomes Myrmecophaga Neotropics Phylogeography Spatial structure Tamandua

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Identification and functional characterization of fish IL‑17 receptors suggest important roles in the response to nodavirus infection

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第2期6卷 252-265页

作者： Carmen González‑Fernández miguel A.García‑Álvarez Alberto Cuesta Department of Cell Biology and Histology Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Murcia30100 MurciaSpain Laboratoire d’écotoxicologie Centre de Lyon-VilleurbanneINRAEUR RiverLy69625 VilleurbanneFrance

Th17 is a lymphocyte T helper(Th)subpopulation relevant in the control and regulation of the immune response characterized by the production of interleukin(IL)-17.This crucial cytokine family acts through their binding to the IL-17 receptors(IL-17R),having up to six members.Although the biology of fish Th17 is well-recognized,the molecular and functional characterization of IL-17 and IL-17R has been limited.Thus,our aim was to identify and characterize the IL-17R repertory and regulation in the two main Mediterranean cultured fish species,the gilthead seabream(Sparus aurata)and the european sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax).Our in silico results showed the clear identification of six members in each fish species,from IL-17RA to IL-17Re-like,with well-conserved gene structure and protein domains with their human orthologues.All of them showed wide and constitutive transcription in naïve tissues but with highest levels in mucosal tissues,namely skin,gill or intestine.In leucocytes,T mitogens showed the strongest up-regulation in most of the il17 receptors though il17ra resulted in inhibition by most stimulants.Interestingly,in vivo nodavirus infection resulted in alterations on the transcription of il17 receptors.While nodavirus infection led to some increments in the il17ra,il17rb,il17rc and il17rd transcripts in the susceptible european sea bass,many down-regulations were observed in the resistant gilthead seabream.Our data identify the presence and conservation of six coding IL-17R in gilthead seabream and european sea bass as well as their differential regulation in vitro and upon nodavirus infection.

关键词： Th17 cells IL-17 receptors Immunity Teleost fish Nodavirus(NNV) Aquaculture

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Role of gene polymorphisms in gastric cancer and its precursor lesions:Current knowledge and perspectives in Latin American countries

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第16期20卷 4503-4515页

作者： miguel Angel Chiurillo Laboratorio de Genética Molecular "Dr.Jorge Yunis-Turbay" Decanato de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Centroccidental Lisandro AlvaradoBarquisimeto 3001Venezuela

Latin America shows one of the highest incidence rates of gastric cancer in the world,with variations in mortality rates among nations or even within countries belonging to this region.Gastric cancer is the result of a multifactorial complex process,for which a multistep model of carcinogenesis is currently accepted.Additionally to the infection with Helicobacter pylori,that plays a major role,environmental factors as well as genetic susceptibility factors are significant players at different stages in the gastric cancer process.The differences in population origin,demographic structure,socio-economic development,and the impact of globalization lifestyles experienced in Latin America in the last decades,all together offer opportunities for studying in this context the influence of genetic polymorphisms in the susceptibility to gastric cancer.The aim of this article is to discuss current trends on gastric cancer in Latin American countries and to review the available published information about studies of association of gene polymorphisms involved in gastric cancer susceptibility from this region of the world.A total of 40 genes or genomic regions and69 genetic variants,58%representing markers involved in inflammatory response,have been used in a number of studies in which predominates a low number of individuals(cases and controls)included.Polymorphisms of IL-1B(-511 C/T,14 studies;-31 T/C,10 studies)and IL-1RN(variable number of tandem repeats,17 studies)are the most represented ones in the reviewed studies.Other genetic variants recently evaluated in large metaanalyses and associated with gastric cancer risk were also analyzed in a few studies[e.g.,prostate stem cell antigen(PSCA),CDH1,Survivin].Further and better analysis centered in gene polymorphisms linked to other covariates,epidemiological studies and the information provided by meta-analyses and genome-wide association studies should help to improve our understanding of gastric cancer etiology in order to develop appropriate health programs in Latin Amer

关键词： Latin America Gastric cancer Precancerous lesions

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ecosystem services of the Baltic Sea:An assessment and mapping perspective

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Geography and Sustainability 2020年第4期1卷 256-265页

作者： miguel Inácio Donalda Karnauskaitė eglėBaltranaitė Marius Kalinauskas Katarzyna Bogdzevič eduardo Gomes Paulo Pereira environmental Management Laboratory Mykolas Romeris UniversityVilniusLithuania Marine Research Institute Klaipeda UniversityKlaipedaLithuania

The Baltic Sea is essential for marine ecosystem services(MeS)provision and the region’s socio-economic dy-namics.It is considered one of the busiest and most polluted regional seas in europe.In recent years a collective effort in enforcing european and regional environmental policies and directives(e.g.Water Framework Direc-tive 2000/60/eC,2000;Marine Strategy Framework Directive 2008/56/eC,2008;Maritime Spatial Planning Directive 2014/89/eU,2014)has been carried out.ecosystem Services assessment and mapping is integrated into these directives.An increasing number of scientific studies,projects,and other works were developed in this context,generating a vast body of knowledge.Despite all efforts to improve the Baltic Sea’s environmental status,the targets established were not fulfilled.It is also important to analyze if current methodological approaches for assessing and mapping MeS are robust enough to provide the needed results.This perspective paper analyses the status of assessment and mapping methodologies.The results showed that most of the studies were focused on qualitative assessments,with limited validation and reliability.Although the number of robust and quantitative works is increasing,more are needed.It is vital to carry out quantitative assessments to inform decision-makers better and standardize MeS practices across the Baltic Sea.

关键词： Collaborative effort ecological modeling Marine ecosystem services Cultural Provisioning Regulating

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Cancer stem cell impact on clinical oncology

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2018年第12期10卷 183-195页

作者： Mariel e Toledo-Guzmán Gabriele D Bigoni-Ordonez miguel Ibanez Hernandez elizabeth Ortiz-Sánchez Subdirección de Investigación Básica Instituto Nacional de CancerologíaMexico City 14080Mexico Departamento de Bioquímica Laboratorio de Terapia GénicaEscuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasPosgrado de Biomedicina y Biotecnología MolecularInstituto Politécnico NacionalMexico City 11340Mexico

Cancer is a widespread worldwide chronic disease. In most cases, the high mortality rate from cancer correlates with a lack of clear symptoms, which results in late diagnosis for patients, and consequently, advanced tumor disease with poor probabilities for cure, since many patients will show chemo-and radio-resistance. Several mechanisms have been studied to explain chemo-and radio-resistance to anti-tumor therapies, including cell signaling pathways, anti-apoptotic mechanisms, stemness, metabolism, and cellular phenotypes. Interestingly, the presence of cancer stem cells(CSCs), which are a subset of cells within the tumors, has been related to therapy resistance. In this review, we focus on evaluating the presence of CSCs in different tumors such as breast cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, and hematological neoplasias, highlighting studies where CSCs were identified in patient samples. It is evident that there has been a great drive to identify the cell surface phenotypes of CSCs so that they can be used as a tool for anti-tumor therapy treatment design. We also review the potential effect of nanoparticles, drugs, natural compounds, aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors, cell signaling inhibitors, and antibodies to treat CSCs from specific tumors. Taken together, we present an overview of the role of CSCs in tumorigenesis and how research is advancing to target these highly tumorigenic cells to improve oncology patient outcomes.

关键词： Cancer Targeted therapy Clinical outcome Drug resistance Cancer stem cells

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