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Osmotic pressure of serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with suspected neurological conditions

Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第5期15卷 944-947页

作者： Tetsuya Akaishi Toshiyuki Takahashi Ichiro Nakashima Michiaki Abe Masashi Aoki Tadashi Ishii Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine Tohoku University HospitalSendaiJapan Department of Neurology Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan Department of Neurology National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National HospitalYonezawaJapan Department of Neurology Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversitySendaiJapan

Interstitial fluid movement in the brain parenchyma has been suggested to contribute to sustaining the metabolism in brain parenchyma and maintaining the function of neurons and glial cells.The pulsatile hydrostatic pressure gradient may be one of the driving forces of this bulk flow.However,osmotic pressure- related factors have not been studied until now.In this prospective observational study,to elucidate the relationship between osmolality (mOsm/kg) in the serum and that in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),we simultaneously measured the serum and CSF osmolality of 179 subjects with suspected neurological conditions.Serum osmolality was 283.6 ± 6.5 mOsm/kg and CSF osmolality was 289.5 ± 6.6 mOsm/kg.Because the specific gravity of serum and CSF is known to be 1.024–1.028 and 1.004–1.007,respectively,the estimated average of osmolarity (mOsm/L) in the serum and CSF covered exactly the same range (i.e.,290.5–291.5 mOsm/L).There was strong correlation between CSF osmolality and serum osmolality,but the difference in osmolality between serum and CSF was not correlated with serum osmolality,serum electrolyte levels,protein levels,or quotient of albumin.In conclusion,CSF osmolarity was suggested to be equal to serum osmolarity.Osmolarity is not one of the driving forces of this bulk flow.Other factors such as hydrostatic pressure gradient should be used to explain the mechanism of bulk flow in the brain parenchyma.This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Tohoku University Hospital (approval No.IRB No.2015-1-257) on July 29,2015.

关键词： brain parenchyma bulk flow cerebrospinal fluid hydrostatic pressure interstitial fluid osmolarity osmotic pressure

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An interactive approach to investigate brightness perception of daylighting in Immersive Virtual Environments:Comparing subjective responses and quantitative metrics

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Building Simulation 2022年第1期15卷 41-68页

作者： Muhammad Hegazy Kensuke Yasufuku Hirokazu abe Graduate School of Engineering Osaka UniversityYamadaoka 2-1 Suita Osaka567-0047Japan Cybermedia Center Osaka UniversityJapan

Daylighting plays an eminent role in the performance of indoor environments and their occupants,thus necessitating the need to investigate daylight perception of potential occupants at early design stages.The present study introduces an interactive approach to collect and visualize brightness perception of daylighting in a large-scale immersive virtual environment using a game engine as a daylight simulation tool.The developed system allows users to explore building models freely at different day times set in virtual reality and report their perceptions in real time.Following a validation study(N=36)to investigate the consistency of brightness perceptions in a real environment and its virtual replica,a set of 24 participants were recruited to use the system to report their brightness perception in a virtual model of a daylit art museum,through snapshotting the scenes where they perceive as one of the following in terms of daylighting:(very dark,dark,bright,or very bright).Using an output of 419 snapshots,a"Perceptual Light Map"(PLM)was developed to visualize the collective brightness perception of participants as a heat map.Subjective responses were found to be positively correlated with four daylight metrics,with the highest correlation to mean luminance and the lowest to luminance ratio.The findings of this exploratory study represent a step towards a user-oriented supplement tool to the existing quantitative daylight metrics,validating game engines’adequacy as a daylight simulation tool,and illustrating the potentials of immersion and interaction principles for the perception of daylit spaces in virtual reality.

关键词： immersive virtual environment daylighting game engine human perception mean luminance

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Dilute long period stacking/order(LPSO)-variant phases along the composition gradient in a Mg-Ho-Cu alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第6期10卷 1573-1580页

作者： Kai Guan Daisuke Egusa Eiji abe Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of TokyoTokyo 113-8656Japan Research Center for Structural Materials National Institute for Materials ScienceTsukuba 305-0047Japan

We have systematically investigated the microstructures of as-cast Mg_(97.49)Ho_(1.99)Cu_(0.43)Zr_(0.09)alloy by atomic resolution high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM), revealing the coexistence of 18R, 14H and 24R long period stacking/order(LPSO) phases with fully coherent interfaces along step-like composition gradient in a blocky intermetallic compound distributed at grain boundary. The short-range order(SRO) L1_(2)-type Cu_(6)Ho_(8)clusters embedded across AB’C’A-stacking fault layers are directly revealed at atomic scale. Importantly, the order degree of SRO clusters in the present dilute alloy is significant lower than previous 6M and 7M in-plane order reported in ternary Mg-TM(transition metal)-RE(rare earth) alloys, which can be well matched by 9M in-plane order. This directly demonstrates that SRO in-plane L1_(2)-type clusters can be expanded into more dilute composition regions bounded along the definite TM/RE ratio of 3/4. In addition, the estimated chemical compositions of solute enriched stacking fault(SESF) in all LPSO variants are almost identical with the ideal SESF composition of 9M in-plane order, regardless of the type of LPSO phases. The results further support the viewpoint that robust L1_(2)-type TM_(6)RE_(8)clusters play an important role in governing LPSO phase formation.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Long period stacking/order(LPSO)phases Short-range order(SRO)clusters High-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM)

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Quantitative classification of Camellia japonica and Camellia rusticana(Theaceae)based on leaf and flower morphology

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Plant Diversity 2021年第3期43卷 216-224页

作者： Harue abe Hiroki Miura Yoshitaka Motonaga Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry Faculty of AgricultureNiigata University94-2 KodaSadoNiigata952-2206Japan Aomori Prefectural Asamushi Aquarium 1-25 BabayamaAsamushiAomoriAomori039-3501Japan Faculty of Agriculture Niigata University8050 Ikarashi-ninochoNishi-kuNiigata950-2181Japan

In Japan,Camellia japonica and Camellia rusticana are naturally distributed.Despite differences in their habitats and morphologies,they have been classified by various researchers as either varieties,subspecies,or species.The taxonomic position of C.japonica and C.rusticana remain unclear because morphological comparisons have been restricted to limited areas and quantitative data are scarce.C.rusticana grows in snowy places,unlike C.japonica.While C.japonica displays ornithophily,C.rusticana displays entomophily.Both species have adapted to different growing environments and pollinators,which have altered the morphology of flowers and leaves.We therefore quantitatively estimated the differentiation between these two taxa by comparing the morphologies of leaf hypodermis,flower form,petal color,and filament color in twenty populations.Our findings allowed us to differentiate these two species by the presence or absence of a leaf hypodermis.We also discovered an intermediate type of leaf hypodermis,which might also be caused by hybridization.Principal component analysis(PCA)indicated that the flower morphologies between these species were significantly different.The petal and filament colors were also significantly different.Our quantitative analysis suggests that speciation caused by differences in both pollinators and environment is one of the factors involved in this group.These findings in C.japonica and C.rusticana help to explain speciation processes for other species as well.

关键词： Camellia japonica Camellia rusticana Ecological isolation Pollinator shift Pollination syndrome Reproductive isolation

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Current overview on the genetic basis of key genes involved in soybean domestication

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aBIOTECH 2022年第2期3卷 126-139页

作者： Sijia Lu Chao Fang Jun abe Fanjiang Kong Baohui Liu Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution School of Life SciencesGuangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaido 060-0808Japan

Modern crops were created through the domestication and genetic introgression of wild relatives and adaptive differentiation in new environments.Identifying the domestication-related genes and unveiling their molecular diversity provide clues for understanding how the domesticated variants were selected by ancient people,elucidating how and where these crops were domesticated.Molecular genetics and genomics have explored some domestication-related genes in soybean(Glycine max).Here,we summarize recent studies about the quantitative trait locus(QTL)and genes involved in the domestication traits,introduce the functions of these genes,clarify which alleles of domesticated genes were selected during domestication.A deeper understanding of soybean domestication could help to break the bottleneck of modern breeding by highlighting unused genetic diversity not selected in the original domestication process,as well as highlighting promising new avenues for the identification and research of important agronomic traits among different crop species.

关键词： Soybean Domestication Diversity Gene

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Preparation and characterization of tea tree oil-β-cyclodextrin microcapsules with super-high encapsulation efficiency

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生物质资源与工程(英文) 2023年第3期8卷 224-234页

作者： Peifu Kong Junichi Peter abe Shunsuke Masuo Toshiharu Enomae Degree Programs in Life and Earth Sciences University of TsukubaIbaraki 305-8572Japan Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of TsukubaIbaraki305-8572Japan

This study aimed to prepare tea tree oil-β-cyclodextrin microcapsules using an optimized co-precipitated method.The impact of the volume fraction of ethanol in the solvent system for microencapsulation on encapsulation efficiency was investigated and analyzed sophisticatedly.Super-high encapsulation efficiency was achieved when a 40%volume fraction of ethanol was used for the microencapsulation procedure,where the recovery yield of microcapsules and the embedding fraction of tea tree oil in microcapsules were as high as 88.3%and 94.3%,respec-tively.Additionally,considering the operation cost,including time and energy consumption,an economical preparation was validated so that it would be viable for large-scale production.Based on the results of morphological and X-ray diffraction analysis,the crystal structure appeared to differ before and after microencapsulation.The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the successful formation of microcapsules.Furthermore,the antibacterial activity of the fabricated microcapsules was assessed by a simple growth inhibition test using Bacillus subtilis as the study object,and the hydrophilic property was proved by a water contact angle measurement.

关键词： β-cyclodextrin Co-precipitation Encapsulation efficiency Microcapsule Tea tree oil

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Microbial soluble aromatic prenyltransferases for engineered biosynthesis

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2021年第2期6卷 51-62页

作者： He-Ping Chen Ikuro abe Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of TokyoBunkyo-kuTokyo113-0033Japan School of Pharmaceutical Sciences South-Central University for NationalitiesWuhanHubei430074PR China Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology The University of TokyoYayoi 1-1-1Bunkyo-kuTokyo113-8657Japan

Prenyltransferase(PTase)enzymes play crucial roles in natural product biosynthesis by transferring isoprene unit(s)to target substrates,thereby generating prenylated compounds.The prenylation step leads to a diverse group of natural products with improved membrane affinity and enhanced bioactivity,as compared to the nonprenylated forms.The last two decades have witnessed increasing studies on the identification,characterization,enzyme engineering,and synthetic biology of microbial PTase family enzymes.We herein summarize several examples of microbial soluble aromatic PTases for chemoenzymatic syntheses of unnatural novel prenylated compounds.

关键词： Microbial prenyltransferase Biosynthesis Enzyme engineering Prenylation Synthetic biology

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Research and Development of Heat-Resistant Materials for Advanced USC Power Plants with Steam Temperatures of 700℃ and Above

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Engineering 2015年第2期1卷 211-224页

作者： Fujio abe National Institute for Materials Science

Materials-development projects for advanced ultra-supercritical(A-USC) power plants with steam temperatures of 700℃ and above have been performed in order to achieve high efficiency and low CO_2 emissions in Europe, the US, Japan, and recently in China and India as well. These projects involve the replacement of martensitic 9%–12% Cr steels with nickel(Ni)-base alloys for the highest temperature boiler and turbine components in order to provide sufficient creep strength at 700℃ and above. To minimize the requirement for expensive Ni-base alloys, martensitic 9%–12% Cr steels can be applied to the next highest temperature components of an A-USC power plant, up to a maximum of 650℃. This paper comprehensively describes the research and development of Ni-base alloys and martensitic 9%–12% Cr steels for thick section boiler and turbine components of A-USC power plants, mainly focusing on the long-term creep-rupture strength of base metal and welded joints, strength loss in welded joints, creep-fatigue properties, and microstructure evolution during exposure at elevated temperatures.

关键词：最高温度研究与开发超超临界发电厂耐热材料蒸汽二氧化碳排放量镍基合金

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Water Management for Improvement of Rice Yield,Appearance Quality and Palatability with High Temperature During Ripening Period

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Rice science 2021年第4期28卷 409-416,I0038页

作者： Yuji Matsue Katsuya Takasaki Jun abe Global Innovation Center Kyushu UniversityMinami-kuFukuoka 815-8540Japan AGL Co LtdAsoKumamoto 869-2225Japan Faculty of Agriculture Tokai UniversityHigashi-kuKumamoto 862-8652Japan

To clarify the optimal water management in large-scale fields under high temperatures at the ripening period,effective water managements during this period for improvement of yield,appearance quality and palatability were investigated.Compared with intermittent irrigation and flooded irrigation,the soil temperature with saturated irrigation remained low throughout the day,and the decrease rate of the bleeding rate of hills was the lowest.These results suggested that the saturated irrigation maintained root activity.For the three irrigation types,the number of spikelets per m2 and 1000-grain weight were similar,however,saturated irrigation resulted in significantly higher rice yield due to improvement in the percentage of ripened grains.The saturated irrigation produced a high percentage of perfect rice grains and thicker brown rice grain,furthermore,the palatability of cooked rice was excellent because protein content and hardness/adhesion ratio were both low.Thus,under high-temperature ripening conditions,soil temperature was lowered and root activity was maintained when applying saturated irrigation after heading time.The results indicated that saturated irrigation is an effective countermeasure against high-temperature ripening damage.

关键词： appearance quality root activity high-temperature ripening damage palatability saturated irrigation soil temperature water management rice yield intermittent irrigation flooded irrigation

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Effective conversion of fructose to 5-ethoxymethylfurfural with brønsted acid site(S/Cl)-functional carbon catalysts

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2022年第1期7卷 33-42页

作者： Haixin Guo Ryota Higashiguchi Yuya abe Richard Lee Smith Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku UniversityAramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-11AobaSendai 980-8579Japan Research Center of Supercritical Fluid Technology Tohoku UniversityAramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-11Aoba-kuSendai 980-8579Japan

Brønsted acid site(S/Cl)-functional carbon materials were prepared by ball-milling(bm)L-cysteine and ammonium chloride to form chemical complex solids,by post-heat treatment(Q)of the solids at 500°C under a nitrogen gas atmosphere to stabilize and fortify amino and functional group solid structures and by post-oxidative treatment with H_(2)O_(2)to add Brønsted acidity.The as-prepared carbon materials(S/Cl@bm_(x)Q_(y);x,y in hours)contained Brønsted acid sites(sul-fonates,chlorides),oxygen-containing groups(-COOH,-OH)and amino functional groups.The S/Cl@bm_(x)Q_(y)materials were applied as catalysts to promote conversion of fructose in ethanol solvent to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF)and 5-ethoxymethylfurfural(5-EMF).Among the carbon materials,S/Cl@bm_(3)Q_(1)gave 5-EMF and 5-HMF yields of 67.0%and 22.8%,respectively,in pure ethanol at 140℃for 24 h reaction time,while a reaction time of 18 h gave total 5-EMF and 5-HMF yields of 96.4%.Dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)was applied as additive to the ethanol-fructose-S/Cl@bm_(3)Q_(1)reaction system which showed that 5-HMF product selectivity could be controlled with DMSO concentration.The protocol developed allows simple preparation of func-tional carbon materials that have high catalytic activity and are effective for conversion of fructose to 5-HMF and 5-EMF in ethanol.

关键词： Ball-milling Etherification Fuel additive Ethanol Brønsted acid

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