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Feasibility of achieving net-zero energy performance in high-rise buildings using solar energy

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Energy and Built Environment

Energy and Built Environment 2024年第6期5卷 946-956页

作者： Mehrdad Shirinbakhsh l.D.Danny Harvey University of Toronto 100St.George StreetTorontoONM5S 3G3Canada

As part of a broad strategy to reach net-zero greenhouse gas emissions and limit global warming,many countries are requiring all new buildings to have net-zero energy *** requires that on-site energy use not exceed on-site generation of renewable energy(taken here to be solar energy),or equivalently,that the building Energy Use Intensity(EUI,kWh/m^(2)a)not exceed the supply of on-site solar energy(electricity and heat)per m^(2)of floor area per *** this basis,we find that achieving net-zero energy performance in an archetype 40-story square building in 16 different cities of North America requires EUI of 17–24 kWh/m^(2)a using PV panels,and 19–28 kWh/m^(2)a using PVT *** building orientation to a non-square floor shape can improve maximum permitted EUI by up to 50%in PV and 60%in PVT ***,the best-performing residential and commercial buildings have EUIs of 50–75 kWh/m^(2)*** if building heights are limited to 5–10 floors does the available solar energy,and thus the permitted EUI,reach 50–75 kWh/m^(2)***,we recommend that policymakers not require high-rise buildings to be net-zero energy,unless they are prepared to limit building heights to 5–10 floors.

关键词： High-rise net-zero energy buildings Building geometry Building height Solar NZEB

Control Policy learning Design for Vehicle Urban Positioning via BeiDou Navigation

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第1期37卷 114-135页

作者： QIN Yahang ZHANG Chengye CHEN Ci XIE Shengli lEWIS Frank l School of Automation Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Guangdong Key laboratory of IoT Information Technology Guangzhou 510006China. Center for Intelligent Batch Manufacturing Based on IoT Technology Key laboratory of Intelligent Detection and The Internet of Things in Manufacturing Ministry of EducationGuangzhou 510006China Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Joint laboratory for Smart Discrete Manufacturing Guangzhou 510006China Key laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and System Integration of IoT Ministry of EducationGuangzhou 510006China. UTA Research Institute The University of Texas at ArlingtonFort WorthTX 76019USA

This paper presents a learning-based control policy design for point-to-point vehicle positioning in the urban environment via BeiDou *** navigating in urban canyons,the multipath effect is a kind of interference that causes the navigation signal to drift and thus imposes severe impacts on vehicle localization due to the reflection and diffraction of the BeiDou ***,the authors formulated the navigation control system with unknown vehicle dynamics into an optimal control-seeking problem through a linear discrete-time system,and the point-to-point localization control is modeled and handled by leveraging off-policy reinforcement learning for feedback *** proposed learning-based design guarantees optimality with prescribed performance and also stabilizes the closed-loop navigation system,without the full knowledge of the vehicle *** is seen that the proposed method can withstand the impact of the multipath effect while satisfying the prescribed convergence rate.A case study demonstrates that the proposed algorithms effectively drive the vehicle to a desired setpoint under the multipath effect introduced by actual experiments of BeiDou navigation in the urban environment.

关键词： BeiDou navigation multipath effect prescribed convergence rate reinforcement learning urban localization.

Multi-criteria decision-making method for evaluation of investment in enhanced geothermal systems projects

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Energy and AI

Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 143-167页

作者： Sara Raos Josipa Hranić Ivan Rajšl University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing Unska 310000 ZagrebCroatia GE Vernova 58 Charles StreetCambridgeMassachusettsUSA

Deep geothermal energy presents large untapped renewable energy potential could significantly contribute to global energy needs. However, developing geothermal projects involves uncertainties regarding adequate geothermal brine extraction and huge costs related to preparation phases and consequently drilling and stimulation activities. Therefore, evaluating utilization alternatives of such projects is a complex decision-making problem effectively addressed using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. This study introduces the MCDM method utilizing analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and weighted decision matrix (WDM) to assess different utilization alternatives (electricity generation, direct heat use and cogeneration). The AHP method determines the weight of each criterion and sub-criterion, while the WDM calculates the final project grade. Five criteria groups - technological, geological, economic, societal and environmental – comprising twenty-eight influencing factors were selected and used for the assessment of investment in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) projects. The AHP-WDM method was used by 38 experts from six categories: industry, educational institution, research and technology organization (RTO), small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME), local community and other. These diverse expert inputs aimed to capture varying perspectives and knowledge influence investment decisions in geothermal energy. The results were analysed accordingly. The results underscore the importance of incorporating different viewpoints to develop robust, credible, and effective investment strategies for EGS projects. Therefore, this method will contribute to more efficient EGS project development, enabling thus a greater penetration of the EGS into the market. Additionally, the proposed AHP-WDM method was implemented for a case study examining two locations. locations were assessed and compared on scenario-based evaluation. The results confirmed the method's adequacy for a

关键词： Deep geothermal energy Enhanced geothermal systems(EGS) Multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)method Analytic hierarchy process(AHP) Weighted decision matrix(WDM)

Two-Stream Approximation to the Radiative Transfer Equation:A New Improvement and Comparative Accuracy with Existing Methods

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 278-292页

作者： F.Momo TEMGOUA l.Akana NGUIMDO DNJOMO Environmental Energy Technologies laboratory(EETl) Faculty of SciencesUniversity of YaoundéPO Box 812 YaoundéCameroon Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of BueaPO Box 63 BueaCameroon

Mathematical modeling of the interaction between solar radiation and the Earth's atmosphere is formalized by the radiative transfer equation(RTE), whose resolution calls for two-stream approximations among other methods. This paper proposes a new two-stream approximation of the RTE with the development of the phase function and the intensity into a third-order series of legendre polynomials. This new approach, which adds one more term in the expression of the intensity and the phase function, allows in the conditions of a plane parallel atmosphere a new mathematical formulation of γparameters. It is then compared to the Eddington, Hemispheric Constant, Quadrature, Combined Delta Function and Modified Eddington, and second-order approximation methods with reference to the Discrete Ordinate(Disort) method(δ –128 streams), considered as the most precise. This work also determines the conversion function of the proposed New Method using the fundamental definition of two-stream approximation(F-TSA) developed in a previous work. Notably,New Method has generally better precision compared to the second-order approximation and Hemispheric Constant methods. Compared to the Quadrature and Eddington methods, New Method shows very good precision for wide domains of the zenith angle μ 0, but tends to deviate from the Disort method with the zenith angle, especially for high values of optical thickness. In spite of this divergence in reflectance for high values of optical thickness, very strong correlation with the Disort method(R ≈ 1) was obtained for most cases of optical thickness in this study. An analysis of the legendre polynomial series for simple functions shows that the high precision is due to the fact that the approximated functions ameliorate the accuracy when the order of approximation increases, although it has been proven that there is a limit order depending on the function from which the precision is lost. This observation indicates that increasing the order of app

关键词： Radiative Transfer Equation two-stream method legendre polynomial optical thickness moments of specific intensity conversion function transmittance reflectance

Improved Reall-Santos method for AdS black holes in general 4-derivative gravities

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第8期67卷 74-86页

作者： Peng-Ju Hu liang Ma Hong lü Yi Pang Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics School of ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin UniversityFuzhou 350207China Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory Hefei 230026China

For asymptotically flat black holes,Reall-Santos method is a convenient tool to compute leading higher derivative corrections to the thermodynamic quantities without actually solving the modified field ***,there are subtleties in its generalization to asymptotically AdS black holes with general higher derivative *** of all,it is necessary to know all the higher derivative holographic counterterms and the surface terms implementing the variational principle and subtracting the *** then needs to solve for the modified AdS radius and rescale the time coordinate in an appropriate way such that the induced metric on the conformal boundary of AdS black hole is not *** observe that Reall-Santos method can be directly applied to a particular 4-derivative gravity model,known as the Einstein-Weyl gravity,which does not modify the AdS radius and requires only the Gibbons-Hawking-York term and holographic counterterms for the 2-derivative *** thus suggest that to compute the thermodynamic quantities of AdS black holes in general 4-derivative theories of gravity,one simply needs to transform it to a Einstein-Weyl gravity with identical thermodynamic variables by appropriate field *** explicitly verify this proposal with spherically-symmetric and static charged black holes in Einstein-Maxwell theory extended with generic 4-derivative interactions.

关键词： black holes thermodynamics higher-derivative corrections effective theories higher dimensional black holes quantum gravity

Zassenhaus lemma,Schreier Refinement Theorem,and Jordan–Hölder Theorem for Gyrogroups

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Algebra Colloquium 2024年第2期31卷 323-332页

作者： Prathomjit Khachorncharoenkul Rasimate Maungchang Teerapong Suksumran l.A.Bokut School of Science Walailak UniversityNakhon Si Thammarat 80160Thailand Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200Thailand 不详

In this article,we extend the Zassenhaus lemma(also called the butterfly lemma)and the Schreier refinement theorem to the case of *** addition,we use these results to prove the Jordan–Hölder theorem for gyrogroups as... 详细信息

关键词： Zassenhaus lemma Schreier refinement theoremg yrogroup subgyrogroup diagram normal subgyrogroup

Model Change Active learning in Graph-Based Semi-supervised learning

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1270-1298页

作者： Kevin S.Miller Andrea l.Bertozzi Department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaLos Angeles520 Portola PlazaLos AngelesCA 90095USA

Active learning in semi-supervised classification involves introducing additional labels for unl.belled data to improve the accuracy of the underlying classifier.A challenge is to identify which points to label to best improve performance while limiting the number of new labels."Model Change"active learning quantifies the resulting change incurred in the classifier by introducing the additional label(s).We pair this idea with graph-based semi-supervised learning(SSl)methods,that use the spectrum of the graph laplacian matrix,which can be truncated to avoid prohibitively large computational and storage *** consider a family of convex loss functions for which the acquisition function can be efficiently approximated using the laplace approximation of the posterior *** show a variety of multiclass examples that illustrate improved performance over prior state-of-art.

关键词： Active learning Graph-based methods Semi-supervised learning(SSl) Graph laplacian

Metal-modulated epitaxy of Mg-doped Al_(0.80)In_(0.20)N-based layer for application as the electron blocking layer in deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第5期45卷 80-89页

作者： Horacio Irán Solís-Cisneros Carlos Alberto Hernández-Gutiérrez Enrique Campos-González Máximo lópez-lópez Optomechatronics Group Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Tuxtla Gutiérrezcarretera Panamericana 1080C.P.29050Tuxtla GutiérrezChiapasMéxico Departamento de Física Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones NuclearesCarretera México-Toluca s/nC.P.52750La Marquesa OcoyoacacMéxico Departamento de Física Centro de Investigación y estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalAv.Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508San Pedro ZacatencoGustavo A.Madero07360 Ciudad de MéxicoCDMXMéxico

This work reports the growth and characterization of p-AlInN layers doped with Mg by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy(PAMBE).AlInN was grown with an Al molar fraction of 0.80 by metal-modulated epitaxy(MME)with a thickness of 180 nm on Si(111)substrates using AlN as buffer *** substrate temperatures were used to enhance the incorporation of indium atoms into the alloy without clustering,as confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD).Cathodoluminescence measurements revealed ultraviolet(UV)range ***,Hall effect measurements indicated a maximum hole mobility of 146 cm^(2)/(V∙s),corresponding to a free hole concentration of 1.23×10^(19)cm^(−3).The samples were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)estimating the alloy composition and extracting the Fermi level by valence band ***-doped AlInN layers were studied for use as the electron-blocking layer(EBl)in lED *** varied the Al composition in the EBl from 0.84 to 0.96 molar fraction to assess its theoretical effects on electroluminescence,carrier concentration,and electric field,using SIlVACO *** results from this study highlight the importance and capability of producing high-quality Mg-doped p-AlInN layers through *** simulations suggest that an Al content of 0.86 is optimal for achieving desired outcomes in electroluminescence,carrier concentration,and electric field.

关键词： metal-modulated epitaxy AlInN DUV-lED EBl simulation

Nonreciprocal generation of Schrodinger cat state induced by topology

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第4期67卷 23-30页

作者： Zi-Hao li li-li Zheng Ying Wu Xin-You lü School of Physics and Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technologyand Wuhan Institute of Quantum TechnologyWuhan 430074China Key laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education Jianghan UniversityWuhan 430074China

The Schrodinger cat state produced differently in two directions is anticipated to be a critical quantum resource in quantum information *** exploring the interplay between quantum nonreciprocity and topology in a one-dimensional microcavity array,we obtain the Schrodinger cat state(a pure quantum state)in a chosen direction at the edge cavity,whereas a classical state in the other *** nonreciprocal generation of the cat state originates from the topologically protected chiralitymode excitation in the nontrivial phase,but in the trivial phase,the nonreciprocal generation of cat state ***,our proposal is switchable by tuning the parameters so that a topological phase transition ***,the obtained cat state has nonreciprocal high fidelity,nonclassicality,and quantum coherence,which are sufficient to be used in various one-way quantum technologies,e.g.,invisible quantum sensing,noise-tolerant quantum computing,and chiral quantum *** work provides a general approach to control quantum nonreciprocities with the topological effect,which substantially broadens the fields of nonreciprocal photonics and topological physics.

关键词： Schr?dinger cat state nonreciprocity topology